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Topic: Urban VII

	Pope Urban VII Information
		Pope Urban VII (August 4, 1521 – September 27, 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope for thirteen days in September 1590.
		So, considering the Annuario Pontificio's claim, Pope Urban VII would have had the shortest reign in history, but according to the Catholic Encyclopedia, his would be the second shortest reign in history.
		Urban VII's short passage in office gave way to the world's first known public smoking ban, as he threatened to excommunicate anyone who "took tobacco in the porchway of or inside a church, whether it be by chewing it, smoking it with a pipe or sniffing it in powdered form through the nose".
	www.bookrags.com /Pope_Urban_VII (231 words)

	URBAN (I. - VIII.) - LoveToKnow Article on URBAN (I. - VIII.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Urban deposed Joanna of Naples (aist of April 1380) for adhering to France and Savoy in support of the antipope, and gave her kingdom to Charles of Durazzo.
		Urban was vain, self-willed and extremely conscious of his position; he accepted the papacy chiefly as a temporal principality, and made it his first care to provide for its defence and to render it formidable.
		The only territory gained during Urban's pontificate, the duchy of Urbino, the last addition to the papal states, was acquired by reversion (1631); and in his one war, with the duke of Parma, for the district of Castro, he met defeat and humiliation (1644).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /U/UR/URBAN_I_VIII_.htm (2580 words)

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	Pope Urban - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Urban I, 222/223 to 230 - a Saint
		Pope Urban III, 25 November 1185 to 19 October 1187
		Pope Urban VII, 15 September 1590 to 27 September 1590
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Urban (163 words)

	History of the Mass (14histot.htm)
		Urban II had the true concept of the Crusades in endeavoring to save souls by sending missionaries with the troops who would not only minister to the Christian soldiers as chaplains but serve as evangelists to the infidels in hopes of converting them away from Allah and to the One, True God.
		South of Rome Urban enjoyed tremendous support from the Normans and the Sicilians to whom he granted powers over the Church in the latter country which came to be known as the "Sicilian Monarchy" and which, to this day, has caused bitter strife and bloodshed.
		Many believe Urban II undertook the crusades on behalf of the Byzantine cause to reconcile with the Eastern Church for at his next synod in Bari, Italy Urban was able to convince the Eastern representatives, thanks to the astute explanation by Saint Anselm, the validity of the doctrine "Filioque".
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/14histot.htm (1985 words)

	City Farmer: 21st Century
		As we consider a dominantly urban Earth early in the next century, in a world with less land and water per-capita, the return of agriculture to where we live presents us with a new paradigm.
		Urban agriculture in Africa, Latin America, North America and Europe is growing [1980s] more rapidly than population, urbanization or the economy.
		The benefits to urban environments, that have been identified, but not studied, from urban agriculture have been ignored, relative to the recognition of its social benefits.
	www.cityfarmer.org /21century98.html (1209 words)

	Pope Urban VII - Definition, explanation
		Urban VII, né Giovanni Battista Castagna (August 4, 1521 - September 27, 1590) was pope for thirteen days in September 1590, was of Genoese origin, although born in Rome.
		He was chosen successor of Sixtus V on September 15, 1590, but died of malaria (September 27) before consecration, making his the shortest papal reign in history.
		Urban was elected unanimously to the papacy in 1088...
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/p/po/pope_urban_vii.php (266 words)

	[No title]
		The first reason for asserting that Pope Clement VII is the legitimate Pope lies in the character of Urban VI.
		Urban VI also threatened to increase the Italian representation in the College of Cardinals.
		Urban was only elected by 8 of the 16 Cardinals to begin with.
	wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu /~brars/paper2mst.doc (1041 words)

	Pope Urban VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Urban VII, given name Giovanni Battista Castagna, successor of Pope Sixtus V, was born on the 4th of August 1521.
		He became governor of Bologna, Archbishop of Rossano, and was long nuncio to Spain.
		Submit a correction or make a comment about this profile
	www.nndb.com /people/284/000094999 (89 words)

	Biography – Pope Urban VII – The Papal Library
		Pope Urban VII was born at Rome, on the 4th of August, 1521, of a noble Genoese family.
		He chose the name of Urban VII, that he might not forget, as he said, the urbanity which he wished to show to everyone.
		Urban was deposited at the Vatican until a tomb was raised for him in the Church of the Minerva.
	www.saint-mike.org /Library/Papal_Library/UrbanVII/biography.html (898 words)

	Pope Potpourri
		Finally, Urban II implemented the Truce of God (prohibiting warfare on church holidays) and the Peace of God (churchmen, merchants, and peasants were not to be attacked).
		In 1378, the college of cardinals elected Urban VI to be pope in Rome.
		However, Urban VI proved to be a reformer who abolished many of the lavish practices of the former Avignon popes.
	www.jeremytiss.com /popepotpourri.htm (1933 words)

	Schism, Great on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Urban VI remained in Rome, refusing to step down, and Clement VII fled to Avignon, where he reigned surrounded by the former Roman court.
		The popes at Rome were Urban VI (1378-89), Boniface IX (1389-1404), Innocent VII (1404-6), and Gregory XII (1406-15).
		The main effects of the schism were to delay needed reforms in the church and to give rise to the conciliar theory, which was revived at the Council of Basel (see Basel, Council of).
	encyclopedia.com /html/S/Schism-G1.asp (737 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Urban Scholars Program: Report of a Planning Meeting (2000)
		The importance of urban research to science and practice was, not surprisingly, an underlying theme of the meeting.
		THE URBAN SCHOLARS PROGRAM: REPORT OF A PLANNING MEETING sense at HUD that emerging scholars have something important to offer the field in the form of the research techniques they are using, their interest in community research, and their diversity in terms of race and gender.
		THE URBAN SCHOLARS PROGRAM: REPORT OF A PLANNING MEETING The emerging scholars would be a worthwhile, and rewarding, investment on HUD’s part; and The grants would build the research pipeline, as envisioned by Susan Wachter, while also enhancing the prestige of the urban field.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/NI000315/html/1.html (4791 words)

	Greater Mekong Subregion - Project Profiles - ADB.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ADB's urban sector strategy acknowledges the causal link between poverty and urban violence, stressing cities could be flashpoints of unrest due to growing poverty.
		Urban violence and resulting insecurity erode social capital, restrict mobility and thus perpetuate poverty.
		The TA aims to strengthen approaches of ADB and its DMCs in urban upgrading, poverty reduction and pro-poor governance by (i) increasing awareness of nexus between urban violence, poverty and ineffective governance; and (ii) developing a body of empirical knowledge, including common lessons and suitable options to mitigate urban violence.
	www.adb.org /GMS/Projects/reta-6130.asp (452 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With U
		Urban became a monk at Cluny and before the age of forty, became the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
		Urban had been imprisoned by Henry for his support of a Gregory, but now as Pope, Urban used his authoritative skills to win over Henry and restore his power as Pope.
		Urban promised those who died in battle full absolution and remission of their sins.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hpru.htm (244 words)

	JKCinema.com ==> Games and Movies
		We present some popular urban legends and ask you to determine whether they're fact or fiction.
		In this installment of the Urban Legends Series, we examine evidence of ghosts in the form of photographs, videos, and audio.
		In this episode of our Urban Legends series, we present 5 popular cases of the paranormal and the unexplained.
	www.jkcinema.com /gamesmov.asp?type=5 (159 words)

	Urban - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The term urban means cities and towns as distinct from rural areas.
		"Urban" is also a common papal name, derived from the concept of urbanity.
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Urban (77 words)

	URBAN VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		1590 AD Urban VII was the first of three popes whose combined reigns did not last a year and a half.
		Although seventy when elected, Urban was quite vigorous, and it was hoped that this kind and capable man would live to do much for the Church.
		Urban had Mass celebrated every day in his room and just as the Mass was ending on September 27, he died peacefully.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp226.htm (487 words)

	Onoe Baiko VII -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The founder of the Tudor monarchy was Henry VII.
		His father, Edmund Tudor, was the son of Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois, the widow of Henry V, and thus a half brother of King Henry VI (see Tudor, House of).
		Charles VII (born 1403, ruled 1422–61) was not able to be crowned king until seven years after the death of his father, Charles VI—and then he owed his crown to the courage, faith, and enthusiasm of a simple peasant, Joan of Arc (see Joan of Arc).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9112239 (616 words)

	ONLIPIX - Great names pictures : URB
		URBAN V (Guillaume de GRIMOARD, antipope from 1362 to 1370, Blessed)
		URBAN VI (Bartolommeo PRIGNANO, pope from 1378 to 1389)(1318-1389)
		URBAN VIII (Maffeo BARBERINI, pope from 1623 to 1644)(1568-1644)
	www.onlipix.com /personages/urb.htm (29 words)

	History of the Popes
		Urban's name is familiar to many because of his supposed connection with the beautiful life of St. Cecilia.
		Actually, it is pretty clear that this Urban did not have any dealings with St.
		That St. Cecilia was a noble Roman lady who was martyred is certain, but her martyrdom goes back to an earlier time than the reign of Pope Urban.
	www.geocities.com /gvwrite/popes.htm (22170 words)

	The Episcopal Lineage of Pope Alexander VII
		Consecrated 25 April 1621 at Rome, in the Church of Sant`Andrea della Valle, by Maffeo Cardinal Barberini, assisted by Diofebe Farnese, Patriarch of Jerusalem, and Volpiano Volpi, Archbishop emeritus of Chieti.
		Consecrated 28 October 1604 at Rome, in a chapel of the Apostolic Palace, by Fabio Biondi di Montalto, Patriarch of Jerusalem, assisted by Leonard Abel, Titular Bishop of Sidon, and Tommaso Lapi, Bishop of Fano.
		Consecrated 21 December 1531 at Rome, in the Sistine Chapel, by Pope Clement VII, assisted by Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Bishop of Ostia, by Antonio Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte, Bishop of Porto, and by Andrea Cardinal della Valle.
	home1.gte.net /res7gdmc/aposccs/id24.html (512 words)

	pubs
		In Sucharov L, Brebbia CA (eds) Urban Transport VII: Urban Transport and the Environment for the 21st Century.
		Developments in urban local authority capability and practice in air quality management: a temporal comparison between practice in 1994 and 1998.
		In Sucharov, L. (Ed) Urban Transport V Urban Transport and the Environment for the 21st Century.
	www.uwe.ac.uk /aqm/research/urban/pubs (641 words)

	8
		The Roman Catholic apologists' claim the pope is superior to any church council is clearly disproved by an examination of the earliest general councils and by the Council of Constance.
		Urban VI didn't recognize their actions and neither did half of Catholic Europe.
		Half of Europe recognized Urban VI as the legitimate pope and the other half recognized Clement VII with each pope gathering around himself his own group of cardinals and clergy, and with both Popes excommunicating the other.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/bicycleroad/21/id176.htm (696 words)

	Saints of May 25
		After the death of Alexander II in 1073, Hildebrand, by then a cardinal and archdeacon, was elected pope by an overwhelming vote, and took the name Gregory VII upon his consecration on June 30.
		Pope Saint Urban, son of Pontianus, was elected pope c.
		Saint Urban is portrayed in art after his beheading, with the papal tiara near him.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0525.htm (5456 words)

	Pope Urban VII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Pope Urban VII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election.
		Montalto was sorely tempted and could not conceal the fact from Colonna, who, preferring an honourable retreat to a mortifying failure, decided to withdraw his candidature.
		Urban VII lived just long enough to relieve some of the distress among his poorer subjects by a generous distribution of alms, and to grant donations to a few really deserving and needy cardinals.
	www.pickle-publishing.com /papers/triple-crown-urban-vii.htm (1557 words)

	The Papacy - A Historical Perspective
		Urban II, Paschal II - Gelasius II, Callistus II, Honorius II, Innocent II - Celestine II, Lucius II, Bl.
		1362 - 1389 A.D. Urban V, Gregory XI, Urban VI
		1585 - 1591 A.D. - Sixtus V, Urban VII, Gregory XIV
	www.mgr.org /PapalIndex.html (1088 words)

	Church Approval I
		Boniface VII is also ranked as a pope, since, in 984 at least, he would seem to have been accepted as such by the Roman Church.
		Thus three popes named John were made to appear between Benedict VII and Gregory V. The error led the pope of the thirteenth century who should have been called John XX to style himself John XXI (Duchesne, "Lib.
		From Gregory VII onward not merely the years but the precise days are assigned on which the respective reigns commenced and closed.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/234v432/approval1.htm (2037 words)

	Constructed Wetlands Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This file, "Constructed Wetlands Bibliography, Part VII: Urban Runoff" is one section of a seven-part constructed wetlands bibliography on using constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment.
		Municipal wastewater (from an area with separate storm and septic systems) tends to have a consistent flow with characteristic water quality while urban storm water is variable in water quantity and quality.
		Descriptors: wetlands; water management; runoff; urban areas; groundwater recharge; aquifers; south australia; constructed wetlands; artificial wetlands; urban runoff; stormwater 2 NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7 The combination of a flood-retarding basin and a wetland to manage the impact of urban runoff.
	www.nal.usda.gov /wqic/Constructed_Wetlands_all/cwur.html (2170 words)

	Greg Hansen: Caller gives insight on Utah's Meyer \| www.azstarnet.com ® (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He is a Utah man, which is not to be confused with the Utes' fight song of the same name.
		He is a Utah man because the new most-famous-man-ever-from-Ashtabula is Ute coach Urban Meyer.
		Urban Faber, a Hall of Fame a-pitcher for the White Sox is another.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/hansen/37773.php (557 words)

	ipedia.com: Pope Urban VII Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Urban VII, né Giovanni Battista Castagna was pope for thirteen days in September 1590, was of Genoese origin although born in Rome.
		He was chosen successor of Sixtus V on September 15, 1590, but died...
		He had previously served as governor of Bologna and as archbishop of Rossano, and was for many years nuncio to Spain; his election to the papacy was largely backed by the Spanish faction.
	www.ipedia.com /pope_urban_vii.html (158 words)

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