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Topic: Urban archaeology

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	Urban archaeology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urban archaeology is a sub discipline of archaeology specialising in the material past of towns and cities where long-term human habitation has often left a rich record of the past.
		Up until the nineteenth century when organised rubbish disposal became widespread in urban areas people invariably threw their waste from their windows or buried it in their gardens.
		Open area excavation was feasible as there was plenty of space and the archaeology could often be exposed just in plan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban_archaeology (727 words)

	Archaeology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes.
		The goals of archaeology are to document and explain the origins and development of human culture, understand culture history, chronicle cultural evolution, and study human behavior and ecology, for both prehistoric and historic societies.
		During the 20th century, the development of urban archaeology and then rescue archaeology have been important factors, as has the development of archaeological science, which has greatly increased the amount of data that it is possible to obtain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Archaeology (5408 words)

	Archaeology - Internet-Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Archaeology (or archeology) is the scientific study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes.
		The next major figure in the development of archaeology in the UK was Mortimer Wheeler, whose highly disciplined approach to excavation and systematic coverage of much of the country in the 1920s and 1930s brought the science on swiftly.
		Urban archaeology necessitated a new approach as centuries of human occupation had created deep layers of stratigraphy which could often only be seen through the keyholes of individual building plots.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.com /ie/a/ar/archaeology.html (6080 words)

	Urban Archaeology in Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Still considerably high increase in birth rate and immigration from rural to urban areas with a restructuring process of the economy are the prime causes of dynamism in Turkey which has led to dramatic changes in physical characteristics and other aspects of historic urban areas since the 1970s.
		In the Turkish planning experience, urban archaeological remains until now have been considered either somewhat a hindrance for urban development hence to be eliminated,or in a more permissible mood, parts of cities to be ignored and excluded.
		Archaeology is subject to recording and conservation undertaken by the Ministry of Culture and subsequently the Commissions for the Protection of Cultural and Natural Entities, whereas urban planning is undertaken by the respective municipalities, without having any official administrative unit within the municipal administration.
	www.metu.edu.tr /home/wwwmuze/urban4.html (1798 words)

	ScienceDaily: Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As with words such as encyclopedia and gynaecology, archaeology traditionally has an ae combination; however, unlike many other words, the ae is still widely retained.
		Artifact (archaeology) -- An artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor.
		Archaeology -- Archaeology or archeology is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts,...
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/archaeology (6141 words)

	Archaeology Insitute, Tel-Aviv University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The urban community is the dominant form of social organization in modern western cultures.
		It is clear, however, that despite the low level of urban population in the city, its impact on society was much stronger than its proportional size.
		One cannot try to explain the social significance of a specific type of urban community without bearing in mind the general concepts that dominate our understanding of the role of the city in society.Any attempt to provide a comprehensive and agreed upon definition of a city is soon confronted with serious obstacles.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/archaeology/press/monograph13.html (1009 words)

	FSTS Doing Archaeology in Minnesota - Urban Archaeology
		The past two decades have seen, however, a growing number of archaeological projects, material culture studies, socioeconomic analyses, urban studies programs, and the like, all aimed at investigating the important majority of our ancestors who left little in the way of written records to mark their passing.
		Since the 1970s social historians, cultural anthropologists, urban studies experts, and most recently environmental historians have sought means to explore the lifeways experienced by ordinary Americans in this era that saw the transformation of nearly every aspect of their life and work.
		Archaeology has also begun to shed light on the everyday life of working and middle-class people in both Minneapolis and St. Paul during the decades before and after the turn of the century.
	www.fromsitetostory.org /sources/archinmn/archinmnurban.asp (401 words)

	Urban Archaeological Strategies Programme
		Between the 1950s and the 1980s, a large proportion of the total rescue archaeology budget for England was devoted to urban sites, with major campaigns of excavation taking place in historic towns and cities throughout the country.
		Since then, urban archaeology has continued to be a major focus of professional and public archaeological concern.
		It will result in a greatly improved database for urban archaeology in England; new syntheses and assessments of the archaeology of English towns; and coherent strategies, agreed with local planning authorities, for the future management of the English urban archaeological resource.
	www.eng-h.gov.uk /ArchRev/rev98_9/urban.htm (1805 words)

	Review of Urban Archaeology Research
		Commenting on archaeology and development in the southern Swedish town of Lund, Carelli (1997, 433) noted that there is a 'clear tendency for builders to try every conceivable solution to avoid archaeology, especially in the form of pile-driving and the use of concrete slabs, which is a great problem for the antiquarian authorities'.
		Given that a large proportion of archaeological deposits in urban centres are not fully excavated, it is possible that traces of prehistoric occupation are not being identified.
		The updating of the Urban Archaeology Surveys (6.5.1) is regarded as a possible vehicle for synthesis of individual towns; it would, obviously, have to incorporate the results of excavations carried out since the mid-1980s.
	www.heritagecouncil.ie /publications/archresearch/14.html (8818 words)

	About: Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Urban archaeology is the study of the growth and development of cities.
		Urban archaeologists see the development of the city not from what people say or write, but from what they build and throw away.
		Occasionally, archaeology is required under the Landmarks Law, which protects the city's architectural and historic resources and empowers the Landmarks Preservation Commission to identify, designate, and regulate buildings, districts, sites, and interiors considered significant for their architectural, historic, cultural, or aesthetic qualities under the Landmarks Law.
	www.nyc.gov /html/lpc/html/about/arch_about.shtml (1133 words)

	Review of Urban Archaeology Research
		The early study of urban origins revolved around legal and constitutional history, resulting in a narrow definition of a town, that is, a settlement with a charter (Simms 1994b, 12-13).
		The increase in urban redevelopment during the late 1980s is clearly reflected by the increase in archaeological excavations during this period (Figure 1; Appendix 1).
		The recent inclusion of the industrial archaeology of the Blackpool area in the archaeological resolution for a major bypass, also points towards a greater awareness and willingness to regard this later period as an appropriate research topic for urban archaeology.
	www.heritagecouncil.ie /publications/archresearch/10.html (5709 words)

	Birmingham Archaeology - Rural & Urban Evaluation
		Birmingham Archaeology is highly experienced in this work, having conducted several hundred such archaeological evaluations over the past decade, in most parts of the country for a wide range of clients.
		The number of experienced field staff employed by Birmingham Archaeology enables it to deploy teams at short notice to carry out evaluations of all sizes, whilst the wide range of in-house specialists available ensures that all aspects of the evaluation report can be dealt with rapidly and efficiently.
		Evaluations carried out by Birmingham Archaeology range in scale from a single trench excavated in a day, to large projects in advance of major greenfield developments employing multiple techniques and covering many hectares.
	www.arch-ant.bham.ac.uk /bufau/services/eval.htm (353 words)

	Archaeology - The Wordbook Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Archaeology is the study of past human activity, by reconstructing environmental settings and cultural systems, typically from their physical remains (masonry, pottery, coins, engravings, etc).
		Archaeology often interacts with history to provide a broad view of the human experience.
		In recent years, the discipline of archaeology has been much extended; the view that it only examines cultural remains or digs up bones is a caricature.
	www.thewordbook.com /Archaeology (372 words)

	Archaeology
		Archaeology is the study of the human past.
		Archaeology (and alternately Archeology) is a science well suited for anyone who enjoys biology, botany, geology, chemistry, history, psychology, art, and solving a great puzzle.
		Archaeology grows as a science and continues to add new disciplines to its roster, such as urban archaeology and geo-archaeology.
	www.cyberpursuits.com /archeo (283 words)

	Toppest Archaeology News and Archaeology Website Directory
		London Museum of Archaeology The London Museum of Archaeology is a unique Canadian museum devoted to the study, display, and interpretation of the human occupation of Southwestern Ontario over the past 11,000 years.
		Society for American Archaeology The mission of the Society for American Archaeology is to expand understanding and appreciation of humanity's past as achieved through systematic investigation of the archaeological record.
		University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Founded 1887, the museum is dedicated to the understanding of cultural diversity and the exploration of humankind.
	www.toppest.com /archaeology.htm (678 words)

	Specialties Content
		Historic archaeology can be as simple as following a historic wagon trail through a modern cornfield, or as complicated as excavating several city blocks of a 19th Century factory complex.
		Through historic archaeology, new information is gathered on how battles were fought, how people migrated, how ethnic groups lived, and how historic groups and individuals defined themselves through the material remains that they left behind.
		Industrial archaeology is a specialization of historic archaeology that concentrates on the development of industrial technology, the spatial lay-outs of industrial buildings, and the interaction of workers, commerce, transportation, and raw resources with the industrial site.
	www.landmarkarchaeology.com /spec_2.html (1006 words)

	Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As with words such as encyclopedia and gynaecology, archaeology traditionally has an ae combination; however, unlike other words, the ae is all but universally retained.
		Altamira, Spain]]In the Old World, archaeology has tended to focus on the study of physical remains, the methods used in recovering them and the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings in achieving the subject's goals.
		Historical archaeology is the study of post-writing cultures.
	www.abitabouteverything.com /files/a/ar/archaeology.html (4929 words)

	Humbul : Archaeology : rescue archaeology
		The Deansway Archaeology Project was initiated in 1988 in advance of the redevelopment of a large part of the centre of Worcester.
		Underwater archaeology has had a long, though sporadic, history, from the time Roman divers salvaged the cargo of amphoras from a shipwreck in the first century BC to the development of the modern aqualung by Cousteau and Gagnan in 1943.
		RESCUE acts to promote the interests of archaeology in Britain, and seeks to maintain the position of archaeology as a vital part of Britain's cultural life.
	www.humbul.ac.uk /output/headlist.php?sub=archaeology&code=DC.2001 (955 words)

	Anthropology 323
		Our examination of urban life pays special attention to the spatial organization of inequality, the geography of power in the urban landscape, and to material things reflective of urban social relations, as these are the kinds of data that archaeologist typically focus on.
		Urban archaeology in the north: Case Study 1.
		Urban archaeology in the north: Case Study 2.
	www.anthropology.ccsu.edu /faculty/perry/Perry_anthropology_323.htm (1120 words)

	Archaeology
		Research at the Portland Wharf, an extinct urban area located in the Portland Neighborhood began in 1983 with a preliminary study by the University of Louisville.
		Although archaeology is a focus, this project also will be an anthropological study of the effects that public archaeology has on existing communities.
		Lori=s focus is on historical archaeology, and her interests include anti-bellum plantation studies, slavery, public archaeology, and archaeology and the law.
	www.louisville.edu /a-s/anthro/research/Archaeology.htm (1284 words)

	University of Maryland Field School in Urban Archaeology
		The University of Maryland Department of Anthropology announces the 25th season of excavation with Archaeology in Annapolis, a summer program of onsite archaeological excavation and research.
		The summer 2006 excavations extend a long-term program of public archaeology in Maryland’s state capital that is supported by the Mayor and City Council of Annapolis.
		Readings will familiarize students with the history of Annapolis and the Chesapeake, with the site-specific histories of the areas under investigation and with the accomplishments and discoveries produced in the course of the past 20 years spent excavating in the City of Annapolis.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /anth/aia/school.htm (1049 words)

	Urban Archaeology Moves into LUXEHOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Urban Archaeology, a company founded on reclaimed lighting and fixtures, has come a long way from its early days as an architectural salvage business as it opens its fifth showroom selling a highly sought-after line of historically accurate lighting, custom washstands and bath accessories and a wide selection of artisan tile and stone.
		We are thrilled to be the first to bring Urban Archaeology to the Midwest,” said Merchandise Mart Properties, Inc. (MMPI) vice president Katherine M. Flaherty.
		With Urban Archaeology’s lighting, bath fixtures, tile, stone, hardware and salvaged pieces, the grandeur of the past adds glamour and beauty to today’s homes.
	www.mmart.com /pr/prFeb2006/059337.html (480 words)

	Department of Archaeology : Staff - Durham University
		Her specialisations are urban archaeology and the development of a mercantile culture in Northern Europe, religious practice and architecture in both the medieval and post-medieval periods; medieval window glass; and archaeological theory, especially the analysis of ritual.
		Some of these themes have been developed in lecture courses: Dust to Dust: death, burial and ritual, C12th-C19th; Sex and Shopping: the archaeology of urban life and work, C12th-C18th: and may be studied in depth in the Durham MA in Historical Archaeology.
		She has written on the built environment as an expression of the political enfranchisement of urban communities; and art and architecture as an index to the variety of religious practice in the middle ages.
	www.dur.ac.uk /archaeology/staff/?username=drk0cpg (966 words)

	The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes. Explorations in Slumland Archaeology in Oceania - Find Articles
		Archaeology in Oceania, April, 2003 by Heather Burke
		Recent trends in historical archaeology have reinforced the awareness that all social practice--whether expressed through documents or material things--is `interested'; in other words the ways in which people understand the world around them necessarily structures what they do and how they do it.
		Nowhere is this trend better expressed than in this edited collection of papers, which sets out explicitly to link not just archaeological and historical data, but also the research interests and creative energy of...
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_go1972/is_200304/ai_n7554164 (130 words)

	Alexandria Archaeology Museum Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Through the Alexandria Archaeology Museum, the City of Alexandria, Virginia's archaeologists, volunteers and students work with citizens and developers to study and manage archaeological resources important to the community's past, and to share this knowledge with both a local and world-wide audience.
		Teach about archaeology or plan a field trip.
		Participate in Alexandria Archaeology by becoming a Friend or Volunteer.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /archaeology (94 words)

	Medieval English urban history
		The image above is an edited version of a line drawing by Mary Houston, based on an illustration in the Luttrell Psalter, commissioned ca.1325 by a Lincolnshire knight.
		Rural and urban elites in England during the later Middle Ages
		Urban Economic Regulation and Economic Morality in Medieval England
	www.trytel.com /~tristan/towns/towns.html (1765 words)

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