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	Urban area - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An urban area is a term used to define an area where there is an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it.
		Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization.
		Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area, but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city, typically by employment ties through commuting, because it is the labor market.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban_area (550 words)

	FHWA - FAPG G 4063.0, Chapter 4, Urban Area Boundaries
		In areas where paragraph 3b(1) is applicable, the boundaries of the area shall encompass theentire urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census plus that adjacent area as agreed upon by local officials in cooperation with theState.
		In areas where paragraph 3b(2) is applicable, the boundaries of the area shall encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census plus that adjacent area as agreed upon by local officials in cooperation with the State.
		Urban area boundaries are fixed primarily for capital project funding and are not to be con fused with boundaries established for the com prehensive, cooperative and continuing urban transportation planning process.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /legsregs/directives/fapg/g406300.htm (777 words)

	Patterns of World Urbanization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An urban area may be defined by the number of residents, the population density, the percent of people not dependent upon agriculture, or the provision of such public utilities and services as electricity and education.
		The classification of metropolitan includes both urban areas as well as rural areas that are socially and economically integrated with a particular city.
		Urban: Countries differ in the way they classify population as "urban" or "rural." Typically, a community or settlement with a population of 2,000 or more is considered urban.
	www.prb.org /Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/Human_Population/Urbanization2/Patterns_of_World_Urbanization1.htm (1142 words)

	Urban (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urban area, a geographical area (including cities and towns) distinct from rural areas
		Urban contemporary and Mainstream Urban, music synonymous with the contemporary musical genres of fl origin.
		Pope Urban, a common papal name, derived from the concept of urbanity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban (144 words)

	Charleston Urban Growth Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Urban growth was measured only by change of urban area or urban land use.
		Urban land use is the dependent variable that is binary while independent variables are a mix of continuous, discrete, and dichotomous variables that represent the major physical, economic, and social factors that have influences on urban growth or land use.
		A group of experts, local officials, planners, developers, conservationists and other people who have profound knowledge of the area and urban growth were invited to a number of meetings, or interviewed individually, to express their opinions on where growth may occur during the next 30 years.
	www.strom.clemson.edu /teams/dctech/urban.html (918 words)

	ERS/USDA Briefing Room - Measuring Rurality: Rual-Urban Commuting Area Codes
		These codes identify "influence areas" of metro, micropolitan, and small town cores, respectively, and are similar in concept to the "nonmetropolitan adjacent" codes found in other ERS classification schemes (Rural-Urban Continuum Code, Urban Influence Code).
		Influence areas for urban cores extend far beyond the relatively small number identified on the basis of primary flows (codes 3, 6, and 9).
		It is based on an overlay of ZIP code areas on census tracts and not on a separate analysis of population and commuting data unique to the ZIP code geographic unit.
	www.ers.usda.gov /briefing/Rurality/RuralUrbanCommutingAreas (1077 words)

	CANCELED - FHWA Policy Memos: Urban Area Boundaries and Highway Functional Classification
		The urban area boundaries are also important in defining the eligibility of specific routes for the use of STP funds.
		The metropolitan area boundaries required by Section 1024 of the ISTEA are not intended to serve as the urbanized area boundaries defined by 23 U.S.C.101(a).
		Where an urban area boundary coincides with or is close to a road or street, care should be take to clearly show whether the road or street is within or outside the urban area.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /legsregs/directives/policy/memo89.htm (3230 words)

	What is an urban area? (WR96; Box 1.3)
		While some of these urban dwellers will be living in such megacities as Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Shanghai, China, the majority will live in a kaleidoscope of settlements: from large industrial cities to small mercantile towns and villages.
		While the term "urban area" is typically used as a synonym for "city," the two are not the same.
		While some of this urban growth could be attributed to economic growth and migration, it is largely explained by the government adopting a new definition of urban in 1986, which included many agrarian communities.
	pubs.wri.org /pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=929 (629 words)

	SCADPlus: URBAN II
		URBAN II To lay down Commission guidelines on the economic and social regeneration of cities and neighbourhoods in crisis in order to promote sustainable urban development.
		Exchanging experience and good practice with regard to urban development and the economic and social regeneration of urban areas is a key component of the Urban II Community Initiative.
		The Urban approach teaches a number of lessons for the future of European policy: an integrated approach, focusing on relatively small areas, with some flexibility in the selection of areas according to national requirements and priorities, with simplified and flexible administration and local partnership.
	europa.eu.int /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/g24209.htm (1622 words)

	Environmental management plan for Kanpur urban area
		The areas with regular problems were identified in old CBD area, slums and industrial areas where generation is exceeding collection (comm./residential) leading to scattered dumps and along the road sides/open lands.
		The localities fall in old CBD area, slums and industrial areas, were found with scattered dumps inspite of having a number of PCCs due to the reason that the generation exceeds the collection from commercial cum residential areas have been categorised as areas with regular problems.
		The commercial areas are to be planned in hierarchy catering to the growing city and in such a way that its interface with transport and housing sector result into a maximum functional use.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /application/environment/conservation/envm0002pf.htm (5898 words)

	What is an Urban Growth Boundary? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Urban services like sewers won't be extended there, and the zoning will prohibit urban development and the creation of small new lots.
		Land in that area is not within the city's corporate limits: it is under county jurisdiction.
		Usually, the urban growth area is subject to the city's comprehensive plan, but the county controls zoning and land use permits there until the area is annexed or becomes developed to urban standards.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~pppm/landuse/UGB.html (1098 words)

	The KAUL -- Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Knoxville Area Urban League is an affiliate of the National Urban League (NUL), the nation's oldest and largest community-based movement devoted to empowering African Americans and other underserved individuals to enter the economic and social mainstream.
		The heart of the Urban League movement is the professionally staffed Urban League affiliates in over 100 cities in 35 states and the District of Columbia.
		The Knoxville Area Urban League, a civil rights and social service organization, was founded in l968 at the height of the Civil Rights movement to promote equal employment opportunities for African-Americans in Knoxville, Tennessee.
	www.thekaul.org (470 words)

	City of Canby: Urban Renewal District
		The Urban Renewal Area is a single geographic area with a single contiguous boundary in which a variety of activities and projects are contemplated to eliminate blight and the causes of blight and intended to create an environment in which the private sector may develop uses compatible with the purposes of this plan.
		The use and development of land in the Renewal Area shall be in accordance with the regulations prescribed in the Comprehensive Plan, Land Development and Planning Ordinance, City of Canby Charter, or any other applicable local, county, state or federal laws regulating the use and development of property in the Urban Renewal Area.
		Increases in the urban Renewal Area boundary, in cumulative excess of 1% shall be a substantial amendment requiring approval per ORS 457.095, and notice as provided in ORS 457.120.
	www.ci.canby.or.us /URD/Plan.htm (4918 words)

	Journal of Arboriculture: ESTIMATING URBAN LEAF AREA USING FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING DATA
		Examination of the parameters in the successful models indicates that the estimation of urban LAI in Terre Haute is physically predicated on the relative proportions of leaf chlorophyll, leaf spongy mesophyll, and indurate matter (e.g., concrete, asphalt, soil) constituting the individual picture elements of the satellite image.
		In contrast, the impact of the urban forest on global and local environments is not clearly understood, and the impact of urban trees on carbon sequestration, mitigation of urban heat, and removal of pollution remain topics of contemporary scientific study.
		Land cover conversion in urban areas is typically faster than in wildland areas, thus there is a need for rapid measurement methods of urban biophysical variables that are repeatable and economically efficient.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4107/is_200501/ai_n9467718 (438 words)

	Urbanization & Transport Trends: Seattle & Portland
		Urban transport's work trip market share is higher in Seattle: The percentage of workers using urban transport (transit)for the work trip is now higher in the Seattle area than in the Portland area, despite the addition of Portland's light rail line (opened in 1986).
		In Portland, total daily urban transport work trips dropped by more than 8,200 round trips, despite and increase of more than 155,000 total daily work trips and the addition of one of the nation's most successful new light rail lines during the period.
		Overall urban transport ridership per capita is rising more rapidly in the core of Portland's metroplitan area: Portland's per capita annual public transport rides has risen more rapidly than Seattle's (measured in the metropolitan area core --- the primary metropolitan statistical area, as defined in 1980).
	www.publicpurpose.com /dmseapor.htm (1169 words)

	ERS/USDA Data - 1990 Rural-Urban Commuting Area Code
		The rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes classify U.S. census tracts using measures of population density, urbanization, and daily commuting.
		Whole numbers (1-10) delineate metropolitan, micropolitan, small town, and rural commuting areas based on the size and direction of the primary (largest) commuting flows.
		These 10 codes are further subdivided to permit stricter or looser delimitation of commuting areas, based on secondary (second largest) commuting flows.
	www.ers.usda.gov /Data/RuralUrbanCommutingAreaCodes (239 words)

	Census 2000 Urban Rural Classification
		Pursuant to an agreement between the Census Bureau and the government of Guam, all urban areas defined within Guam are designated as urban clusters regardless of their total population.
		The land area measurements are expressed in square meters.
		The Census Bureau evaluated for inclusion in urban areas those commercial airports that, according to 2000 Federal Aviation Administration statistics, had an annual enplanement of at least 10,000 people and, thus, qualified as a primary airport.
	www.census.gov /geo/www/ua/uaucinfo.html (952 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Urban Access with Minimal Infrastructure Disruption: Technologies are needed to enhance urban mobility including: novel communications for individual soldiers, weapons particularly suited to the urban environment, vertical mobility for infantry; enhanced mobility for force and logistics transport through a city; and novel systems for urban movement.
		The ability to negate urban obstacles and move with a minimum signature, at a speed faster than the adversary, is desired.
		The urban approach requires tactical data at the level of the individual soldier that may be fed from local or remote networked sensors as well as new approaches for developing and predicting the effect of psychological operations.
	www.darpa.mil /baa/baa04-31.htm (2689 words)

	Geography - Initiatives - Geography Referencing Strategy (GRS)
		Urban areas are defined by ODPM as settlements with a population of 10,000 or more (the 2001 Census Key Statistics Reports for Urban Areas for Urban Areas present results for all settlements with 10,000 or more residents, as well as for those with fewer residents).
		Under the new classification, Output Areas are described as urban or rural depending on whether the majority of the population falls inside a settlement of population 10,000 or more.
		This ‘settlement framework grid’ is then used as the basis for the classification of Output Areas and 2003 Statistical wards in terms of settlement context and settlement form.
	www.statistics.gov.uk /geography/nrudp.asp (1301 words)

	Florida Center: Transportation, Land Use and Sustainability
		A commercial area fronts onto a state highway which bisects the community, and recreation centers serve as the replacement for employment.
		The boundaries of an Urban Growth Area are determined by population forecasts, such that growth can be accommodated over a specified period.
		The area within the urban growth boundary was deemed sufficient for growth through the year 2000, with an additional 15.8% added as a "market factor".
	www.fccdr.usf.edu /upload/projects/tlushtml/tlus110.htm (3045 words)

	Wavelet-Based Clustering Method to Detect Building in Urban Area from Airborne Laser Scanner Data
		It is obvious to recognize the distribution of laser points, which is the buildings, in fact, in urban area.
		It is necessary to emphasize the purpose of this research is to detect the buildings in urban area.
		Not only buildings, all of man-made objects in urban area will be detected in the further step of this algorithm to accomplish the all requirements of 3D city model.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /technology/ip/techip009a.htm (965 words)

	Planning Department - Jackson Urban Area Metropolitan Planning Organization
		The urbanized area is designated by the U.S. Census Bureau and is composed of an area comprised of the current city limits and the developing areas adjacent to the city.
		The MPO coordinates continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive transportation planning activities within the Jackson Urban Area in cooperation with Tennessee Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Transit Administration.
		The Jackson Area Long Range Transportation Plan is a 25 year plan of long and short range strategies and actions for an integrated intermodal transportation system to facilitate the efficient movement of people and goods for Madison County.
	www.cityofjackson.net /departments/planning/MPO.html (455 words)

	Southeast England New Towns Commuting Distance and Urban Area Geographical Size
		The most fundamental difficulty with urban villages and the jobs-housing balance is that the very reason that urban areas became large was because they developed as large labor markets in which people could work in the local neighborhood or many kilometers away.
		To transform the urban area into a series of urban villages would undermine the very purpose of the modern urban area.
		The fences that urban planners would like to build have been and will continue to be ignored by people who tend to do what they want more than what the planners want.
	www.demographia.com /db-seuknewtowns.htm (363 words)

	ArcNews Summer 2004 Issue -- The Charlotte, North Carolina, Urban Area Now Has a "Green Theme"
		The Charlotte, North Carolina, metropolitan area is among the top 10 fastest growing metropolitan areas in the nation, and Mecklenburg County, which houses the city, has seen a 72 percent growth in population since 1980 according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
		If the air quality deteriorates, giving the area a nonattainment status, the region stands to lose $6 billion in federal highway funding, not to mention risking the health of the area's residents.
		To improve the air, the area has agreed on a checklist of a dozen actions, and improving the tree canopy is one of them.
	www.esri.com /news/arcnews/summer04articles/charlotte-northcarolina.html (880 words)

	peninsuladailynews.com - Jefferson: County finishes Port Hadlock-Irondale urban growth area work
		Urban growth areas were created under the state's Growth Management Act aimed at eliminating urban sprawl and preserving open spaces in rural areas.
		During a public hearing last week, residents in the area expressed surprise at the change from a map they'd seen earlier in the year.
		In approving the urban growth area, the commissioners offered a standing ovation for residents and the Planning Commission for their years of sustained effort while blasting those who they say protested against the plan in an effort aimed only at halting growth.
	www.peninsuladailynews.com /sited/story/html/170404 (325 words)

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