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Topic: Urban economy

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	Words and concepts in urban development and planning in India - City Words WP No. 4
		Urban vocabulary is a sub-set of general vocabulary and a large number of words used in normal communication are found in the former.
		Urban expansion has generally led to legal or illegal conversion of rural land for urban use even within the lal dora limits that define the permissible boundary for residential construction.
		A major problem in urban centres is the population pressure on a limited basic services, resulting in growth of slums, poor living and working conditions and the deteriorating quality of life.
	www.unesco.org /most/p2basu.htm (4949 words)

	SCADPlus: Towards an urban agenda in the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Urban planning policy should put more emphasis on sustainability, diversity and mix in order to bring back the city as a meeting place for all activities at all times of the day.
		A good transport system is a determining factor in the competitiveness of the urban economy and in the quality of life of city-dwellers.
		As regards urban transport, it should promote alternatives to the use of the private car and ensure that the transport services are accessible in terms of coverage of services and affordability.
	europa.eu.int /scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11707.htm (1116 words)

	GaWC Research Bulletin 78
		We conceptualize the broader spatial context of cities in terms of a political economy because (sub)national government policies determine, to a large degree, the exposure of the urban arena to global economic forces.
		Urban economies are permanently in a state of flux.
		The global phase of urbanism is comparable to the colonial phase in terms of the clearly visible spatial articulation of external linkages in the urban economy (compare Figures 1 and 11).
	www.lboro.ac.uk /gawc/rb/rb78.html (10008 words)

	Urban Economy and Finance Branch
		The Urban Economy and Finance Branch was established in May 2001 as one of the organizational units of the Research, Monitoring and Coordination Division.
		The main mandate of the Branch is to provide substantive analytical focus on the urban economy, its relationship with the national and global economy, and focus on policies and strategies aimed at employment generation and creation of opportunities for social mobility.
		Broadly, it seeks to provide economic analysis perspective to human settlements programmes by focusing attention on the operation of the urban economy, and how these affect or are affected by the quality of local governance and national economic management.
	www.unchs.org /programmes/uefb (240 words)

	SLP Message Board.
		Although one urban assessment was conducted in Hargeisa in 1998, urban areas have largely been neglected despite hosting a large percentage of the total population.
		Since urban economies are primarily market-based, and many of life's essentials have to be purchased in the town, it is critical for these non-food elements to be incorporated into an urban analysis.
		One of the lessons learned from previous urban assessments in Harare and elsewhere was that it would be useful to conduct a parallel questionnaire survey to cover two main topics that are difficult to unravel in urban areas using the food economy methodology alone.
	www.network54.com /Forum/thread?forumid=106410&messageid=1056821685&lp=1056821685 (13378 words)

	GaWC Research Bulletin 80
		The cultural economy is a prime mover for globalisation processes in the urban system, in which cultural production clusters act as local nodes in the global networks of the large media groups.
		Many urban researchers consider that globalisation proceeds primarily from urban centres of activity and that more and more cities are being integrated actively or passively into processes of globalisation ("globalising cities").
		Today's cultural economy is characterised not only by a growing concentration on a world scale and the geographical concentration and formation of clusters in a series of metropolitan and global cities, but also by a marked trend towards the globalisation of corporate organisation (Robins 1995; Pratt 2000).
	www.lboro.ac.uk /gawc/rb/rb80.html (10207 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The volume features a symposium on issues relating to urban sprawl and decentralization, as well as papers on minority entrepreneurs, the effects of neighborhood on children's educational achievement, and the factors behind the decline in food stamp participation.
		The emphasis on whether growth is excessive is crucial, because the natural growth of urban areas due to increases in income or population or improvements in transportation efficiency should not be a cause for concern.
		The issue becomes especially interesting from a policy viewpoint, considering that urban residents are disproportionately minority and lower-income households, and that public transportation often provides poor service for those who live in the city and work in the suburbs.
	www.brookings.org /comm/conferencereport/cr07.htm (3225 words)

	Industry and the Urban Sector in Zimbabwe's Political Economy
		[55] Nonetheless, there was a concerted attempt to capture urban support in the 1996 presidential elections by resorting to an increasingly virulent anti-white rhetoric as President Mugabe and his handlers sought to shift the blame for urban decline to white farmers and industrialists.
		The Zimbabwean political economy is affected by the porosity of the rural-urban boundary.
		Having alienated labor and urban populations, as well as white capital, in part by evoking the unfulfilled goals of the liberation struggle, the government lacked the capacity to challenge the rising power of the war veterans.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v7/v7i2a3.htm (9890 words)

	Medieval English urban history - Urban economy
		At the same time, the wide range of crafts usually present in towns meant that the local economy was not overly dependent on imports.
		The packhorse reflects the role of land-based transportation in the economy, while the ships and boats represent the importance of water transportation.
		Despite the difficulty with generalizing when individual towns' fortunes varied so considerably, on the whole the Late Middle Ages was not a period of further urban growth.
	www.trytel.com /%7Etristan/towns/townint7.html (984 words)

	The Political Economy of China's Urban Reforms
		My data analyses suggest that the center, in implementing urban reforms in the provinces, primarily tried to increase revenue income.
		This conclusion is reached by testing the growth, revenue, political-support, and interest-group explanations for different extents of provincial involvement in urban reforms.
		Hongyi Lai, "The Political Economy of China's Urban Reforms" (December 28, 2000).
	repositories.cdlib.org /asia/eslictme/chntrans02 (144 words)

	Some Notes on the Livelihoods of the Urban Poor in Kabul, Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Access to employment in the cash-oriented urban economy was a primary concern for all the households.
		Urban poor community organisations that create social networks should be supported, and targeted participatory projects for the marginalised poor developed.
		Projects that improve the shelters and tenure of the urban poor in informal settlements are needed.
	www.livelihoods.org /static/phunte_NN248.htm (268 words)

	Guangdong march into era of Urban Economy - GD Economy - News Brief - Newsgd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Urban Economy has become the main theme for Guangdong development.
		In 2002, urban GDP reached 934 bln yuan, 79.4% of provincial GDP, up 13.5% over 2000.
		Thus the competitiveness of the cities in Pearl River Delta is strengthened, the economy of the region witness a rapid progress, accounting for 80% of provincial GDP with GDP per capita reaching 4141 USD.¡¡
	www.newsgd.com /news/gdeconomy/200401130061.htm (350 words)

	Learn more about Urban economics in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The urban economy is the economy of urban areas, as opposed to rural ones.
		1.1 urban economic and political autonomy, hazards, principles
		Carbohydrate Economy - community currency - community emergency response team - Eco-Industrial Park - economic conversion - energy - hard energy - industrial ecology - product substitution market - recycling - regenerative development - regenerative finance - service economy - soft energy - unemployment - waste economy
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /u/ur/urban_economics.html (186 words)

	H-Net Review: Pien Versteegh on Urban Decline in Early Modern Germany: Schwabisch Hall and Its ...
		McIntosh describes the interaction between urban and rural sectors, and inter- and intraregional forces.
		The competition from rural craftsmen weakened mostly the position of the urban artisans who were already at the lowest level of the wealth hierarchy.
		In Urban Decline, he convinces the reader that fading borders between town and country count for the stagnation of Schwabisch Hall and adds another component to the list of causes of urban decline.
	www2.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=22500878325997 (1452 words)

	UIC \| College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs
		Urban planning deans at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Tongji University in Shanghai, China, have entered into a faculty exchange agreement designed to expand UIC's international comparative research.
		Approaching 25 years of analyzing the urban economy and its implications for low-income and minority communities.
		Collaborative research efforts established in race, attitudes, and public policy; race and ethinic heath disparities; race, empowerment, and urban policy; and workforce diversity and economic development.
	www.uic.edu /cuppa (280 words)

	City Farmer's Urban Agriculture Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Urban Agriculture is a new and growing field that is not completely defined yet even by those closest to it.
		Urban Agriculture Notes is written for those who want to start up their own "Office of Urban Agriculture", for those who have already done so, and for gardeners who are curious about what we refer to as political horticulture.
		"The course adresses promises and drawbacks of urban agriculture.
	www.cityfarmer.org /urbagnotes1.html (5364 words)

	Fafo-report 355: Urban Households and Urban Economy in Eritrea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Fafo-report 355: Urban Households and Urban Economy in Eritrea
		The urban Eritrean Household Income and Expenditure Survey (EHIES) was conducted in 5000 households in the 12 major urban areas of Eritrea during the period from July 1996 to October 1997, in co-operation between Statistics and Evaluation Office in Asmara, and Fafo Institute for Applied Social Science in Oslo.
		Based on the EHIES data, this report presents an overview of the economic situation for urban households in Eritrea for policy planners, for the international community, for researchers as well as for the public.
	www.fafo.no /pub/355.htm (203 words)

	LookSmart - Urban and Architectural Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Urban and Architectural Research - Lists programs and support for research into architectural and urban planning questions.
		New York think tank researches obsolescence in urban spaces and buildings caused by rapid technological change.
		Does applied research on housing, land use, and the urban economy for public and private agencies in the Birmingham area.
	www.looksmart.com /eus1/eus317836/eus317911/eus67064/eus226549/eus263464/eus232892/r?l&pin=011121x2de76f8e168debe7bd1& (260 words)

	The Black Body as a feared Necessity in the Post-Industrial Urban Economy « yokim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It might be possible to think of the urban core as a site of postindustrial capitalist structure where fl bodies are cheaply available for an agonizing growth of service-sector centered around the post-industrialization, post-manufacturing, post-restructuring economy.
		Although desired when their will can be represented through mediation, as exemplified in the increase of congressional votes in upstate NY prison districts, direct involvement is feared as irrational.
		Cheap labor, guaranteeing low prices and an anemic consumer economic in light of the postmanufacturing economy, is sought after by chunking communities of color togehter near large service sector employers and thereby encouraging competition for jobs.
	b.yokim.net /436 (2718 words)

	The Informal Sector - Labour Market Issues in the Urban Informal Sector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A detailed study of the labour market would require the study of the supply and demand conditions prevailing in the market.
		While market is essentially economic in character, processes include social, cultural and political factors that go into effecting the supply and demand of labour in an urban economy.
		Stage of economic development: THe current state of the macro economy - in terms of economic upturns (or booms) and down turns (or recessions).
	www.gdrc.org /informal/doc-4labour.html (342 words)

	Recerca - Publicacions
		The AQR investigation group is specialized in regional and urban economy works.
		These unions have the great importance at the moment to carry out kind of urban studies, because they bear in mind continually the rest of municipals which are part of their urban system:
		Mobility: joined with the previous concept, the mobility is a explanation to many of municipal necessities, as the public transport as the infrastructures and common politics for the same urban system towns.
	www.ub.es /dpees/aqr/Transfer/urbaneconomy.htm (603 words)

	Urban Environmental Management: DOCUMENTS
		Highlighting the basic issues and interdisciplinarity of urban environments, and cities in the big picture.
		Urban Environments: The UEMRI Framework for Policy and Practice
		Areas of focus identified by UEMRI as key to understanding the problems and prospects of urban areas an its effects on the global environment.
	www.gdrc.org /uem/documents.html (340 words)

	Urban Life in Israel
		About 91 percent of Israelis live in urban areas.
		Many modern towns and cities, blending the old and the new, are built on sites known since antiquity, among them Jerusalem, Safed, Beersheba, Tiberias and Acre (Akko).
		Others such as Rehovot, Hadera, Petah Tikvah and Rishon Lezion began as agricultural villages in the pre-state era and gradually evolved into major population centers.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Society_&_Culture/Urban.html (61 words)

	Simulating the urban economy by Peter Smith, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0850860466 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Neighborhoods in the Urban Economy (By Benjamin Goldstein (Editor))
		Political Economy of Urban Poverty (By Charles Sackrey)
		Urban Economy and Housing (By Ronald E. Grieson (Editor))
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0850860466.html (204 words)

	USATODAY.com - Small-town USA goes 'micropolitan' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Roanoke Rapids and hundreds of small cities like it were long written off as rural outposts where population was sparse and the economy sleepy.
		For scholars and urban planners, the new category more accurately reflects changes across the country brought on by development, migration and the shift from farming and manufacturing to an economy dominated by service industries.
		City Manager Rick Benton didn't know until recently that he lives in a micro area, but he didn't need the federal government to tell him that economic growth is reshaping Roanoke Rapids.
	www.usatoday.com /money/economy/2004-06-27-rural_x.htm (1554 words)

	Medieval English urban history
		The aim of the Medieval English Towns site is to provide historical information about cities and towns in England during the Middle Ages, with particular but not exclusive emphasis on medieval boroughs of East Anglia and on social, political and constitutional history.
		The image above is an edited version of a line drawing by Mary Houston, based on an illustration in the Luttrell Psalter, commissioned ca.1325 by a Lincolnshire knight.
		Urban Economic Regulation and Economic Morality in Medieval England
	www.trytel.com /~tristan/towns/towns.html (1756 words)

	SSHA Urban Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The urban network focuses on studies of any aspect of urban, suburban or metropolitan life.
		If you are trying to organize a session and are having trouble finding people to fill all of the roles, contact the urban network representatives, Todd Gardner and Kate Foss Mollan.
		If you are interested in organizing a session on one of these themes or some other theme in your area of interest, please contact Todd Gardner at gardner@hist.umn.edu or Kate Foss Mollan at fossmolk@umwvax.umw.edu.
	www.ssha.org /urban/index1999.html (423 words)

	Urban Economy - MavicaNET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		"Development and introduction of new approaches to the solution of housing problems, financing of housing and urban infrastucture, municipal management, urban land use, social protection of the population and other problems of the social and economic life of cities".
		A major mission of the FCREUE is educating real estate professionals and providing real estate practitioners with the information they need to stay on the cutting edge of the real estate field.
		Its aims are: the research, the designing, the realization and the diffusion, at community level, of urban technologies at high environmental affinity.
	www.mavicanet.com /directory/pol/4550.html (264 words)

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