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	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Urban heavy rail
		Urban rail systems have often been used to showcase economical, social, and technological achievements of a nation, especially in the Soviet Union and other socialist countries.
		Some urban rail lines are built to the full size of main-line railways; others use smaller tunnels, restricting the size and sometimes the shape of the trains (in London the informal term tube train is commonly used).
		In 1901, heavy rail trains began to use the tunnel as part of the original configuration of the Main Line Elevated, the first elevated railway in Boston.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Metro (3210 words)

	Rapid transit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Suburban rail services, on the other hand, often share tracks and stations with long-distance trains (historically they were usually operated by the same company, which also owned the rails and ran freight, although this has become less common) and are subject to the same standards and regulations.
		In some cities, the urban rail system is so comprehensive and efficient that the majority of city residents go without an automobile.
		Some urban rail lines are built to the full size of main-line railways; others use smaller tunnels, restricting the size and sometimes the shape of the trains (in the London Underground the informal term tube train is commonly used).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban_heavy_rail (4840 words)

	The Urban Rail Debate
		Rail proponents will declare a particular project to be a success based on a specific set of criteria, while rail detractors will use a completely different set of measurements to proclaim the exact same project a failure.
		Rail opponents claim that the extensions were a dismal failure because the trains carry an insignificant percentage of the total trips made in the Dallas area and have not significantly relieved traffic congestion along parallel highways such as the Central Expressway.
		Rail supporters, on the other hand, affirm that the DART system is an unqualified success because it is exceeding ridership projections, is spurring new economic development at places such as Mockingbird Station and is providing commuters in places like Plano and Richardson an alternative to driving to work.
	www.mindspring.com /~tbgray/rail.htm (1477 words)

	Comparison of 'Rail' transit modes
		Commuter rail is the oldest of all railway passenger transit modes, but presently exists only in corridors with substantial concentrations of passenger-trip origins in the outlying suburban areas of a corridor with destinations in the central business district of the corridor.
		Like light rail, heavy rail systems are intended to accommodate all types and iengths of passenger trips within the most densely developed portions of metropolitan areas during weekday peak travel periods, as well as during midday and evening off-peak travel periods and on weekends.
		While commuter rail, light rail, and heavy rail trains may be expected to have maximum operating speeds of between 50 and 79 miles per hour, high-speed intercitytrains may be envisioned as operating at maximum speeds of anywhere from 125 to 250 miles per hour.
	www.trainweb.org /kenrail/Rail_mode_defined.html (1894 words)

	Regulatory Policy Center - PROPERTY MATTERS - James V. DeLong
		Drivers support for rail transit is based on a hope that other drivers will use rail transit and open up the road; in fact, the majority of rail riders are taken out of buses, not cars.
		The Reality: Although funds requested for rail transit often must be spent for that purpose, localities may seek funds for a variety of purposes and have considerable discretion over how local transportation funds are spent.
		The urban planners' idea of "superior form" -- high densities of both residences and places of employment -- is counter to the values of the populace.
	jamesvdelong.com /articles/property/light-rail-transit.html (7578 words)

	cars - Light rail
		Light rail traces its pedigree to street railways, whereas rapid transit (metro) technology evolved from steam commuter operations, such as were seen in London, New York City, and Chicago.
		Cable cars are pulled along a rail track by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed and on which individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping this cable as required.
		Light rail systems are generally cheaper to build than heavy rail, since the infrastructure does not need to be as substantial, and tunnels are generally not required as is the case with most metro systems.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Light_rail (4623 words)

	Why Light Rail Doesn't Work
		Urban rail primarily serves downtown, which is the only destination to which there is already a practical transportation alternative transit buses.
		Light rail average speeds are approximately half that of autos on arterial streets (surface streets) during peak hours and one-third the average operating speed of freeways during peak hour.
		If new urban rail were able to reshape city development, it would be expected that downtowns in new rail cities would have lower office vacancy rates than in other cities, and rates that are lower than suburban areas.
	www.tppf.org /lightrail/lightrail_1/lightrail.htm (12248 words)

	Light rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Typically light-rail systems are urban, use short and light trains, and can handle steeper gradients and sharper curves than heavy rail.
		They are generally powered by electricity, sometimes not by overhead wires, but by a live rail, also called third rail (a high voltage bar alongside the track), requiring safety measures and warnings to the public not to touch it.
		Terminology isn't quite fixed: 'light rail' can be used as a category between tram and heavy rail, but a modern tram system may also be called light rail.
	www.free-web-template.org /li/light-rail.html (447 words)

	Heavy rail - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The term heavy rail is often used for regular railways, to distinguish from systems such as trams / light rail and metro.
		Heavy rail typically refers to the standard inter-city rail network, which is built to be robust enough for heavy and high-speed trains, including freight trains, and long distance and high speed passenger trains.
		Heavy rail is almost always built on its own dedicated right of way and is separate from road traffic.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Heavy_rail (203 words)

	Brookings Institution Press, Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy, A Handbook in Honor of John R. Meyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Heavy rail systems generally obtain their power from a high-voltage third rail, while LRT systems usually obtain their power from an overhead wire.
		The need to protect people and vehicles from the voltage in the third rail requires that the rail system be separated from other forms of transpor- tation, and this full-grade separation is both the source of heavy rail's "high performance" and its high capital costs.
		Heavy rail mileage grew steadily if slowly, from 313 miles in 1902 to 1,134 miles in 1928 and to a prewar high of 1,379 miles in 1937.
	brookings.nap.edu /books/0815731817/html/359.html (2061 words)

	Articles - Light rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Most rail technologies, including high-speed, freight, commuter/regional, and metro/subway are considered to be " heavy rail " in comparison.
		Light rail systems can handle steeper inclines than heavy rail, and curves sharp enough to fit within street intersections (though this is hardly true for all light-rail lines).
		Light rail is generally powered by electricity, usually by means of overhead wires, but sometimes by a live rail, also called third rail (a high voltage bar alongside the track), requiring safety measures and warnings to the public not to touch it.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/Light_rail (1813 words)

	Rail Doesn't Work
		Heavy rail is about twice as expensive and commuter rail is highly variable but usually less expensive than light rail.
		This is around 23 miles for commuter rail, 5 miles for heavy rail, and 4 miles for light rail.
		Column R is rail passenger miles/directional route mile as a percent of freeway passenger miles per lane mile (J/Q).
	www.ti.org /vaupdate40.html (1793 words)

	Articles - Regional rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		In Hong Kong, the East Rail provides a metro -like service in terms of capacity of its cars (over 300 each), more standees and few seats, and high frequencies, except sharing some of its track with inter-city service.
		For example, so called "intercity" trains in Belgium and the Netherlands carry many commuters and their equipment, range and speeds are similar to those of commuter trains in some larger countries.
		In the United States and Canada, regional passenger rail service is performed by commuter railroads, which are usually governmental or quasi-governmental agencies.
	www.x-moto.net /articles/Suburban_rail (915 words)

	Railway Technology - Karlsruhe Light/Heavy Rail Track-sharing System operated by VCK - Germany
		The German city of Karlsruhe was the first in Europe to investigate the possibility of track-sharing for light and heavy rail vehicles.
		The city was keen to link urban and rural areas, enabling passengers to travel into and out of the city centre without having to change vehicles.
		Because of the different electrical supply systems of the light and heavy rail networks, research was carried out into a two-system vehicle, and a dc-ac system with on-board transformer and rectifier was chosen.
	www.railway-technology.com /projects/karlsruhe (974 words)

	Karlsruhe: The Karlsruhe model of a dual-mode railway system
		An important factor of the new type of vehicle is that it uses the safety standards of ordinary heavy rail vehicles (low passive safety) and thus allows travel at higher speeds in the region.
		This was the first route to be run on the heavy rail tracks (21 km) and which also includes a twin track section of 2.8 km due to the busy schedule on the German Rail line.
		The City of Kassel (195,000 inhabitants in the city and 550,000 in the region) has started to operate a 3.5 km light rail track in the district of Baunatal which is also using the heavy rail track of the regional rail, the Kassel-Naumburger Eisenbahn.
	www.eaue.de /winuwd/85.htm (2870 words)

	TramTrain
		In view to the vast amount of rail infrastructure still existing from the height of the coal and steel industry it was decided not to go for a classic tramway, but for a TramTrain-scheme.
		Although the mixing of heavy rail passenger trains and TramTrains is limited (peak hours), the whole railway route to Kruth is electrified with 25kV (dual mode operation) and freight operation will also stay.
		Due to the restrictions/limitations of the existing urban tramway (vehicle width, platform length) urban operation was limited to one single corridor.
	www.lightrail.nl /TramTrain/tramtrain.htm (6876 words)

	Lancaster House :: Case Studies Search
		The entire design, supply, installation and maintenance of a complete urban heavy rail system including the track work,...
		A new 200km heavy rail link between two major cities consisting of trackwork, switchgear, signaling, overhead power...
		An urban railway system inclusive various systems such as the rolling stock, trackwork, switches, contact rail,...
	www.lancasterhouse.co.uk /textonly/casestudies_indexT.php (184 words)

	Canada: urban passenger rail systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Commuter-rail (also known as suburban rail or regional rail) systems offer rail passenger service between metropolitan and suburban areas, whether within a province or across its geographical boundaries, usually characterised by reduced fares for multiple rides and commutation tickets for regular riders.
		Heavy-rail (also known as metro, subway, elevated or rapid transit rail) systems have high-speed passenger railcars operating singly or in trains of two or more cars on fixed rails in separate rights-of-way from which all other vehicular traffic and pedestrians are excluded.
		Light-rail (also known as tramway, streetcar, or trolley-car) systems have lightweight passenger railcars powered from an overhead electric line via a trolley or pantograph, operating singly or in short, usually two-car, trains on fixed rails in right-of-way that is not separated from other traffic for much of the way.
	www.rinbad.demon.co.uk /ca_rail.htm (327 words)

	Urban Transport Technology - San Juan Tren Urbano Light Rail System, Puerto Rico
		Puerto Rico's Department of Transportation and Public Works (DTPW) proposed in 1989 to construct a heavy rail system called Tren Urbano.
		For the first time in the history of Puerto Rico the first mass transit project is expected to become operational.
		Under the terms of the contract, Siemens provides 74 vehicles, the traction power system, the train control system, an operating control centre, the communication system, elevators and escalators, fare collection systems, 16 stations, as well as track construction, workshops, depots and equipment.
	www.urbantransport-technology.com /projects/sanjuan (631 words)

	heavy Rail Transit
		erving 80 cities worldwide, Heavy Rail Transit consists of about 270 lines with a total of 4,700 km and 4,300 stations.
		SYSTRA also selects the best suited construction methods, implementation methods and management control to ensure works co-ordination and progress and the safety of both the workforce and the population.
		To ensure a maintenance of quality as well as performances and safety to passengers, SYSTRA engineers are constantly on the look out for aging rolling stock and equipment obsolescence.
	www.systra.com /technologies/hrt.htm (648 words)

	Miami-Dade County Heavy Rail Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Dr. Schimpeler also prepared the Environmental Impact Statement for the Stage 1 Rail Rapid Transit System.
		Preparation of this document involved environmental assessment activities, including monitoring and modeling of air pollution, assessment of noise and visual impacts, and consideration of the effects of secondary development associated with the transit system.
		Schimpeler had continuing responsibility for the preparation of Supplemental Environmental Impact Analyses as final design and construction progressed.
	www.ace-plc.com /Miami_Transit.htm (124 words)

	World Rail Transit List
		Their list of tramways, metros, trolleybus systems and commuter rail is at the URL:
		Cities are listed by name of the central or principal city of the urban area, according to (the latin alphabet rendition of) the local name.
		Installations not part of urban or suburban common carrier passenger transport (private use, rural lines, museums, etc) and facilities confined within a complex, institution, amusement park, airport, or other non-"public" space should not be included on this list.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~wyatt/rail-transit-list.html (2277 words)

	Halcrow Transport- Heavy Rail - Infrastructure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		KCRC West Rail Permanent Way Design, Kowloon, China
		Halcrow can provide clients with professional consultancy services for all aspects of heavy rail infrastructure, covering the whole lifecycle of infrastructure systems and components.
		Power supply and traction current systems (third/fourth rail or overhead: AC and DC)
	www.halcrow.com /halcrow_heavy_rail_infrastructure.asp (62 words)

	Halcrow Transport - Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Halcrow has multi-disciplinary capabilities for the provision of advice in the rail sector, covering all stages of development, procurement, implementation, and operation of rail services and infrastructure.
		Our services include technical and engineering development, project management, risk assessment and control, financial modelling, commercial management and support for development of independent financing.
		Click Link -Up logo for list of Halcrow's product group registrations
	www.halcrow.com /halcrow_rail.asp (62 words)

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