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Topic: Urban Sprawl

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Urban economy

Largest urban areas of the European Union

Urban ecology

Metropolitan area

Agglomeration

White flight

Aire urbaine

Shopping center

Protected areas of Australia

Conurbation

New York City

Amherst, New York

Los Angeles

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	Numbers USA
		Per Capita Sprawl: About half the sprawl nationwide appears to be related to the land-use and consumption choices that lead to an increase in the average amount of urban land per resident.
		Knowing the actual square miles of urban expansion (sprawl) provides a key indicator of the threat to the natural environment, to the nation's agricultural productivity and to the quality of life of people who live in cities and in the small towns and farms that are near cities.
		Thus, using this measure, it is possible to have well-planned sprawl or chaotic sprawl, to have high-density or low-density sprawl, to have auto-dependent or mass-transit-oriented sprawl.
	www.numbersusa.com /interests/urbansprawl.html (1475 words)

	Urbanisation and Urban Sprawl
		Urban sprawl is also referred as irresponsible, and often poorly planned development that destroys green space, increases traffic, contributes to air pollution, leads to congestion with crowding and does not contribute significantly to revenue, a major concern.
		The relation of population growth and urban sprawl is that the population growth is a key driver of urban sprawl.
		The urban land uses are viewed as interrupting and fragmenting previously homogenous rural landscapes, thereby increasing landscape disorganisation.
	wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in /energy/urban/chapter3.htm (1014 words)

	Urban Sprawl
		Sprawl is a pattern and pace of land development in which the rate of land consumed for urban purposes exceeds the rate of population growth and which results in an inefficient and consumptive use of land and its associated resources.
		Bear in mind that how sprawl is defined depends upon the perspective of who presents the definition.For example, disease analogies such as cancerous growth and virus have been used to describe sprawl.
		The growth of impervious lands between 1990 and 2000 is used to assess urban development and the spread of sprawl.
	chesapeake.towson.edu /landscape/urbansprawl (135 words)

	Urban Sprawl
		Urban sprawl is a phenomenon that many people love to hate.
		The authors base their definition of urban sprawl on the average proportion of land that is undeveloped within a kilometer of each building in a metropolitan area.
		New development on the urban fringe does tend to increase sprawl, something that is obvious to all of us who see it.
	www.perc.org /perc.php?id=826 (894 words)

	Urban sprawl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urban sprawl (also: suburban sprawl), a term with pejorative implication, refers to the rapid and expansive growth of a greater metropolitan area, traditionally suburbs (or exurbs) over a large area.
		Areas of urban sprawl are also characterized as being extremely dependent on automobiles for transportation.
		In William Gibson's fictional Sprawl Trilogy, "the Sprawl" is a slang term referring to the entire Eastern Seaboard of the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban_sprawl (4261 words)

	Race, Poverty and Urban Sprawl
		Sprawl, as a method of fragmentation, perpetuates the dysfunctional dynamic of our regions and is a continuation of the sorting and local control movement that undermined civil rights desegregation efforts dating back to the 1950s.
		Sprawl is primarily, but mistakenly, viewed as an issue at the edge of the metropolitan region, with little impact or direct relevance to the issues of the urban core.
		Another explanation for many urban civil rights advocates’ failure to enter the sprawl discourse is their suspicion and skepticism of urban revitalization as a policy for bringing in or maintaining the number of middle class households in the urban core.
	www1.umn.edu /irp/publications/racepovertyandurbansprawl.html (7662 words)

	Sprawl City
		Overall, 95% of the total sprawl in California from 1970-1990 was related to population growth., indicating that most Urbanized Areas in California succeed in stopping increases in per capita land consumption.
		"Sprawl in California" was presented at the CAPS 2000 Conference at the University of Southern California on August 13, 2000.
		About half of all sprawl nationwide is related to U.S. population growth and the other half is related to land use choices, according to the results of this ground-breaking scientific analysis of U.S. Bureau of the Census data on the 100 largest Urbanized Areas of the United States.
	www.sprawlcity.org (1010 words)

	UI Press \| Urban SprawlUrban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences & Policy Responses
		Urban Sprawl is not simply a development that undercuts the quality of life for suburbanites.
		Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses assembles leading scholars who analyze the major causes and consequences of urban sprawl and the policy initiatives that are being explored in response to these developments.
		Urban Sprawl is fundamental for understanding the forces shaping urban development and the social and economic costs of this very visible problem.
	www.urban.org /books/urbansprawl (241 words)

	UI Press \| Urban SprawlUrban Sprawl / Chapter One
		Sprawl can be defined as a pattern of urban and metropolitan growth that reflects low-density, automobile-dependent, exclusionary new development on the fringe of settled areas often surrounding a deteriorating city.
		Sprawl undercuts civic engagement due to the time spent commuting, the increasing segregation and homogeneity of neighborhoods, and the growing separation of home and work, all of which nurture physical and social fragmentation (Putnam 2000).
		Sprawl is a pattern that is both a cause and consequence of economic restructuring and emerging social inequalities.
	www.urban.org /books/UrbanSprawl/one.cfm (7447 words)

	Regional Review: Urban Sprawl
		Sprawling development is a pattern that results from complex interactions among the availability of resources, changes in technology, public policies, and private tastes.
		Rather than restricting urban growth in any way, the best way to deal with the problems associated with sprawl, according to Mills, would be to raise the cost of fuel by about 150 percent so as to cover the full costs of using the car.
		While most sprawl experts may believe that we are subsidizing outward development in one form or another, quantifying the extent of the subsidy is a big leap.
	www.bos.frb.org /economic/nerr/rr2000/q1/wass00_1.htm (4433 words)

	Sprawl Overview - Sierra Club
		From Connecticut to California sprawl is increasing air and water pollution, devouring wetlands and forests, and burdening our communities with the social and economic costs of unplanned growth.
		Hundreds of urban, suburban and rural neighborhoods are choosing to manage sprawl with smart growth solutions.
		Sprawl costs our cities and counties millions of dollars for new water and sewer lines, new schools, and increased police and fire protection.
	www.sierraclub.org /sprawl/factsheet.asp (846 words)

	The topic of “urban sprawl” is increasingly appearing in public discussions
		Finally, researchers should consider whether varying definitions of sprawl are needed to characterize sprawl in large metropolitan areas, in smaller cities, in rural villages, and in the countryside.
		Sprawl also costs us 35 times as much land, and it requires 15 times as much pavement as compact urban living,” but no sources for these estimates are provided.
		The causes of sprawl appear to be found in the interaction between general economic laws of land markets, increasing affluence, decreasing transportation costs, and demographic changes, especially decreasing household size.
	www.uwm.edu /~frankn/Sprawl_Frank.htm (11158 words)

	Regional updates: Urban Sprawl
		Urban sprawl is the rapid expansion of metropolitan areas through building houses and shopping centers farther and farther from urban centers and lacing them together with more and more major highways.
		James Howard Kunstler has described the landscape created by urban sprawl as “the geography of nowhere” and as “a cartoon of a human habitat.” In the past, there was a distinctiveness to geographic regions of the country, individual cities, and areas within a single city.
		Urban growth boundariesare a means for municipalities to designate areas in which growth and development will be promoted or prohibited.
	wps.prenhall.com /wps/media/objects/1373/1406592/Regional_Updates/updateXX.htm (1746 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Urban Sprawl
		Many cities once considered to be significant urban centers within the United States, including Detroit and Philadelphia, fell victim to the onset of suburbanization throughout the mid- to late 20th century.
		Although many of these 'older' cities are now beginning to experience urban revitalization, they continue to lose population to their surrounding suburbs.
		Sprawl can saddle governments with the cost of building new streets and schools, while expanding utilities and other services, to connect and serve a widely dispersed, low-density population.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/409.html (716 words)

	Newswise Science News \| Geographer Ranks U.S. Cities on Urban Sprawl
		One way to assess urban sprawl is to compare land use and population in metropolitan areas.
		By doing so, he was able to calculate the nation's "sprawl line" which he describes as the average relationship between the geographic extent and the population of urban areas in the United States.
		Sutton concedes that public perceptions of urban sprawl and the technical definitions of sprawl as used by geographers may not be in harmony.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/501587 (544 words)

	Urban Sprawl: New Smart Growth America Study Moves to Measure Elusive Location Factor, Site Selection Online Insider
		WASHINGTON, D.C. – Urban sprawl is an increasingly influential site-selection factor – either as an obstacle to avoid or overcome, or as a catalyst for community opposition.
		Methodological note: The study's "Sprawl Index Scores" are derived from 22 factors that measure four different metro-development features: diffusion or concentration of housing and population; segregation or integration of homes vis-à-vis activities of daily life; lack or presence of strong economic and social centers; and connectedness or disconnectedness of street networks.
		Sprawl is also something in the air: "The degree of sprawl is more strongly related to the severity of peak ozone days than per-capita income or employment levels," the study's authors wrote.
	www.siteselection.com /ssinsider/snapshot/sf021028.htm (1175 words)

	NCPA - BA #287 - The Truth about Urban Sprawl
		Dozens of cities and counties have adopted urban growth boundaries to contain development in existing areas and prevent the spread of urbanization to outlying and rural areas.
		Although a clear definition of sprawl remains elusive, public debate over sprawl is driven primarily by general concerns that low-density residential development threatens farmland and open space, increases public service costs, encourages people and wealth to leave central cities and degrades the environment.
		This Brief Analysis is adapted from Samuel R. Staley, "The Sprawling of America: In Defense of the Dynamic City," Policy Study 251, January 1999, Reason Public Policy Institute.
	www.ncpa.org /ba/ba287.html (1036 words)

	Urban Sprawl
		The slowdown "is the first downturn in the forty years since we entered the business that was not precipitated by high interest rates, a weak economy, job losses or other macroeconomic factors," Toll said in his statement.
		Tulsa is Both a Prime Example of and Victim of Urban Sprawl.
		With over 1,500,000 web pages available on the topic of urban sprawl - it is difficult to understand the new conclusions that only wildlife suffers from wide spread urban development.
	www.goldcanyon.com /us/urbansprawl.html (3153 words)

	Our Land, Our Literature: Environment - Urban Sprawl
		Urban sprawl, or the haphazard spread of urban development, is a serious issue that has drastically changed Indiana’s landscape.
		Sprawl is a major cause of habitat and wetland destruction in Indiana.
		While urban sprawl is an issue all over the state of Indiana, it's a particularly important topic in the northwest and east central regions.
	www.bsu.edu /ourlandourlit/Environment/Issues/Urban_Sprawl.html (440 words)

	Does Sprawl Breed Violence? A Debate
		The correlation between sprawl and the dramatic increase in violence and serial killers is so close, it is difficult to imagine why it has not been studied before.
		Sprawl, by unraveling the physical landscape and with it all of society, has created a fertile ground for families to break down, for dysfunction to surface, and for serial killers to emerge.
		Before sprawl existed, children could depend on the whole community to be here for support and guidance in the absence of a parental figure.
	www.heritage.org /Research/SmartGrowth/wm255.cfm (2318 words)

	Urban Sprawl (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If urban sprawl continues to consume our forests and farmlands in the same manner as in the past, more Maryland streams will likely degrade in the years to come.
		Sprawl has a rapacious appetite for land; the American Farmland Trust estimates that one million acres of farmland are bulldozed each year to make way for more widely scattered homes and highways.
		Sprawl City- Interesting analyses of federal data on sprawl and rural land loss, inspired by the work of environmental authors Leon Kolankiewicz and Roy Beck.
	www.potomacriverkeeper.org /briefing/sprawl.html (1490 words)

	Urban Sprawl, Part I (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sprawl varies widely from region to region in California, and by some measures occurred during the 1980s and 1990s in the majority of the state’s 25 metropolitan areas.
		Urban planners use urban sprawl to categorize much of what people dislike about suburban life in metropolitan areas: the loss of open space and farmland, traffic congestion, air pollution, central-city blight and greater percentages of the poor concentrated in the inner cities.
		In its broadest sense, urban sprawl is shorthand for "excessive" metropolitan decentralization.
	www.sen.ca.gov /sor/reports/COMM_STUDIES/SPRAWLREPORTFINAL.HTM (5988 words)

	EPA-MAIA - Urban Sprawl (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Urban Sprawl is low density, automobile dependent development beyond the edge of service and employment areas.
		Urban sprawl can be measured using the U-Index (Human Use Index).
		Now we are running out of greener pastures and many Americans consider urban sprawl to be the fastest growing threat to their local environment and quality of life.
	www.epa.gov /maia/html/sprawl.html (998 words)

	Realty Times - Real Estate News and Advice
		A recently-released report from the Vancouver-based Suzuki Foundation warns Canadians that the ever-expanding sprawl of Canada's cities must be one of the first issues addressed by all levels of government because it is seriously affecting the health of Canadians.
		Sprawling communities are a major contributor to climate change and air pollution because of their over-dependence on automobiles, which burn polluting fossil fuels.
		Sprawling suburbs are also contributing to the near-epidemic levels of obesity for all age groups in North America.
	realtytimes.com /rtcpages/20031104_sprawl.htm (865 words)

	Sprawl City
		The designation of Los Angeles as a Smart Growth model may seem incongruous to many because of its reputation as the "sultan of sprawl" and "suburbs in search of a city." For many Americans, Los Angeles is a sprawling model of what they don't want their city to become.
		In fact, the urban land per resident shrank by 8%.
		Even with the increased density, the result of the L.A. population growth was that another 394 square miles of orchards, farmland, natural habitat and other open and rural spaces were lost to urbanization.
	www.sprawlcity.org /losangeles.html (837 words)

	vermont forum on sprawl \| what is sprawl? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sprawl is dispersed, auto-dependent development outside of compact urban and village centers, along highways, and in rural countryside.
		Sprawl is distinct from Vermont’s existing compact urban centers and villages which are...
		Sprawl has many quality of life and environmental impacts...
	www.vtsprawl.org /Learnabout/sprawl/whatissprawlmain.htm (68 words)

	Science Bulletins \| BioViz \| Urban Sprawl: Phoenix
		Most people think of urban sprawl as the construction of roads and buildings at a rate that exceeds population growth.
		Since the mid-1980’s, the city’s population density has increased as people continue to move to the region even as the urban area’s boundaries have grown more slowly.
		Initially, most of that water was used by farmers, but more recently, the CAP has been supplying urban areas with growing populations.
	sciencebulletins.amnh.org /bio/v/sprawl.20050218 (541 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News :: Maps: Urban Sprawl Steady Since 1976 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		May 12, 2006— An unprecedented survey of urban sprawl in the continental United States is challenging conventional notions about development.
		Turner conducted the study with Marcy Burchfield of the Neptis Foundation in Toronto, Hernry Overman of the London School of Economics, and Diego Puga, of the University of Toronto.
		In 1976, the average sprawl index was 42 percent and in 1992, 43 percent.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20060508/urbansprawl_tec.html (504 words)

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