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Topic: Urban warfare

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	Urban Warfare Transforms the Corps - Page 1
		While the Corps is studying future urban warfare, it has yet to accept fully that urban warfare is likely to be the Corps’ primary role in the future.
		Clearing an enemy from an urban defensive position is a crucial skill for an infantryman or engineer, but it is just one of many skills needed to succeed in urban combat.
		It is undeniable that the application of firepower against an urban enemy is perhaps the most challenging of tasks in modern warfare, but the Corps has no facility or range to assist its warriors in the accomplishment of this task.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,NI_1104_Urban-P1,00.html (972 words)

	Urban warfare: advantage US \| csmonitor.com
		Let's be clear: Urban conflict, as the US military refers to combat operations in relatively built-up and populated arenas, has always been dangerous, destructive, and bloody.
		It would be ridiculous to dismiss the concern with urban conflict as overblown.
		But if you balance reasons urban conflict is a "worst case" against what the US military would have going for it, the historical precedents have less bearing.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0327/p11s01-coop.html (1073 words)

	Urban Warfare Transforms the Corps - Page 2
		While the development of urban combat training facilities will increase the proficiency of the urban warrior skills, the Corps still needs a school to train the trainers, along the lines of the Mountain Warfare Training Center in Bridgeport, California, founded in 1951 to address combat deficiencies.
		All levels of resident and nonresident professional military education should incorporate urban warfare; schools such as the SNCO Advanced Course and the Command and Staff College should incorporate multiple urban warfare case studies into their curricula.
		Urban warfare should be the focus, but not to the total exclusion of other skills.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,NI_1104_Urban-P2,00.html (2179 words)

	Urban Warfare Considerations; Understanding and Combating Irregular and Guerilla Forces During A Conventional War
		First, despite degradation, Iraqi forces have an urban warfare capability and it can be assumed that if US forces assembled over a period of months, cities would be 'prepared' for urban combat.
		Theorists believed that guerilla warfare was either obsolete and that the only way one could achieve victory was by fighting with a conventional army; or that it was the only way that one could obtain victory in certain situations.
		However, he also acknowledged the fact that the territory on which they were fighting on was propitious for guerilla type warfare; thus he meshed the two types of warfare together in order to get the maximum efficiency out of his armies.
	www.emergency.com /2003/urban_warfare_considerations.htm (2942 words)

	Urban Warfare
		The only way to justify the improvement of American capabilities for sustained urban combat is to show that, in contrast to the past thirty years, U.S. national interests might demand sending U.S. forces into sustained urban combat.
		In urban terrain, by contrast, engagements occur at short-range, maneuver and command and control are difficult, and battles are typically fought at the squad level without substantial coordination or fire support from higher echelons.
		The goals of sustained urban combat are to hold a city, take a city, or destroy enemy military forces that are using a city for shelter.
	web.mit.edu /ssp/Publications/confseries/urbanwarfare/urbanwarfare.html (7459 words)

	Analysis: Iraq, Iraq: Urban warfare and IHL
		Urban warfare complicates efforts to apply the basic principle of distinction : the close proximity of civilians to combatants requires greater precision in attack.
		For the civilian population, urban warfare represents an extremely hazardous environment as combatants are moving between and among civilians and seek to benefit from the protection granted to civilians and civilian assets to launch their attacks.
		Given the heightened discussion of urban warfare in the past week, and the suggestion by many that the rules of such combat somehow differ from those of the traditional battlefield, it is critical to recall the legal obligations of all parties to conflict regarding combat in urban settings.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/ACOS-64CBPA?OpenDocument (1721 words)

	Operation Urban Warrior Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The urban combat phase was designed to prepare Marines for the type of conflict they may encounter during 21st century battles in foregin lands.
		To conduct urban combat operations and ready Marines for the likelihood that battles in the 21st Century will be focused in the world's rapidly expanding urban areas.
		Successfully conduct an amphibious landing, helicopter assault and mass casualty drill in response to an incident involving chemical or biological weapons, and in coordination with civilian police and fire departments.
	www.defenselink.mil /specials/urbanwarrior (343 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Summer 1999
		Most urban warfare experts believe that current technology may enable US forces to improve their effectiveness at close-quarters combat when it takes place, but they can still expect relatively high numbers of friendly and noncombatant casualties and significant collateral damage to urban structures.
		Future urban concepts must be evaluated within the context of the current experimentation plan to allow for the spiral development of organizations, doctrine, and equipment comparable to that of the Army XXI heavy divisions.
		Forces operating in urban terrain will also be faced with enemy forces using asymmetrical approaches to urban warfare that include the use of human shields and chemical and biological warfare.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/99summer/hahn.htm (5643 words)

	CNN.com - Relief workers confront 'urban warfare' - Sep 1, 2005
		CNN.com - Relief workers confront 'urban warfare' - Sep 1, 2005
		NEW ORLEANS, Louisiana (CNN) -- Violence disrupted relief efforts Thursday in New Orleans as authorities rescued desperate residents still trapped in the flooded city and tried to evacuate thousands of others living among corpses and human waste.
		Police snipers were stationed on the roof of their precinct, trying to protect it from armed miscreants roaming seemingly at will.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WEATHER/09/01/katrina.impact/index.html (1227 words)

	Urban Warfare
		Lynx urban warfare the perfect combination of experience, adaptability, scale, and service, for a process that we consider to be absolutely business-critical.
		Entrepreneurs can now make a good second urban warfare while they travel, go back to school, work their primary jobs, or stay home with the kids.
		The shops urban warfare brimming with gorgeous clothes and jewels for you to buy and the only catch is, you usually have to get the goods wholesale.
	fastbrook.freesize.info /urban-warfare.html (1555 words)

	What Resolutions Should Be Passed To Better Regulate Urban Warfare
		In fact urban warfare has become the battlefield of choice for the majority of conflicts from 1990 onwards.
		Despite the fact that they lack superior numbers and are mainly limited to small arms and leftover Cold War military hardware; these untrained, increasingly fanatical soldiers have become a foe to be reckoned with.
		As the majority of conflicts move into the hazy streets of urban warfare, we find ourselves lacking in effective means to counteract this threat.
	www.uni.edu /ihsmun/archive/sc2005/UrbanWarfare.htm (959 words)

	Urban Warfare Now Unavoidable Defence Experts
		Urban warfare necessitates a new set of doctrines that involve mobilising specialised forces, new tactics and a complex mix of pyschological warfare and information operations.
		Brigadier Justin Kelly, commander of the land warfare development centre of the Australian Defence Force, said his country was adapting its military doctrine to cover urban warfare situations.
		Urban warfare, however, necessitates a new set of doctrines that involve mobilising specialised forces, new tactics and a complex mix of pyschological warfare and information operations.
	www.spacewar.com /reports/Urban_Warfare_Now_Unavoidable_Defence_Experts.html (849 words)

	MetaVR Builds Virtual Ft.Wainwright Urban Warfare Training Site
		The database is used to train infantry combined arms units for Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT).
		The 3D simulated urban warfare terrain database of Ft.Wainwright, which was delivered in MetaVR’s MDX format, was created with MetaVR WorldPerfect.
		The database makes extensive use of cultural elements such as street signs, power transformers, street lights, curbs, bleacher seats, gas pumps, oil drums, fences, flag poles, portable restrooms, utility cables, a picnic table, and a surveillance camera.
	www.metavr.com /casestudies/ftwainwright.html (633 words)

	Urban warfare during The Last War
		From tactics to munitions to self deploying booby traps to highly specialized training and vehicle designs, the massive and prolonged urban warfare action witnessed during the Last War was the most intense in the history of warfare.
		Not even the massive mechanized warfare of the early 20th Century in Europe equaled the destruction and fierceness of that which developed in the later years of the 21st century.
		Many M28AP units were stripped of their towed chassis and installed in heavy trucks and hover trucks to provide impromptu anti-personnel urban warfare instruments, especially during the riots that plagued the conquest of Neurope early in the 22nd century.
	www.goingfaster.com /ogre/urbanwar.html (6391 words)

	How to Conduct Urban Warfare
		As U.S. forces pick their way through the densely populated cities of Iraq in search of Baath-party holdouts, Fedayeen Saddam fighters, and remnants of the eviscerated Iraqi army, they will be fighting on one of the most feared battlegrounds--the city.
		But the military has been training to confront the threat of urban combat for nearly a decade and has adopted a methodical, high-tech approach to avoid unneeded suffering and to stymie the dirty tricks a wily enemy can throw at them.
		The military has also paid a lot of attention to the lessons learned from other tough urban fights, including the Russian army's disastrous first war with Chechen rebels in the streets of Groznyy in 1994 and Israel's experiences in the Palestinian refugee camps.
	www.weeklystandard.com /Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/541mjlxl.asp (590 words)

	Challenges of urban warfare as we transform Army - Find Articles
		He recalled some very sobering firsthand accounts by Russian and German commanders of that conflict, detailing urban warfare on huge scales where divisions and even armies were "reduced to animal existence at the most basic level of attrition fighting." In Berlin, for example, Russian losses were more than 800,000 men.
		Aircraft and other means of delivering precision-guided munitions can isolate the urban battlefield somewhat, and we should certainly seek ways to develop technologies to help gain any advantage in urban combat, but this type of warfare will remain a special challenge.
		The more urban rubble created during urban conflict, the slower the ground-maneuver potential and the more probable will be the ensuing ground-force attrition.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200209/ai_n9104209 (860 words)

	The Battle of Hamoukar: Urban Warfare in 3500 B.C.
		The Battle of Hamoukar: Urban Warfare in 3500 B.C. A recent excavation in northeastern Syria gives new details in the tragic end of one of the world's earliest cities and explains how powerful were early weapons like sling bullets.
		New details in the tragic end of one of the world's earliest cities as well as clues about how urban life may have begun there were revealed in a recent excavation in northeastern Syria that was conducted by the University of Chicago and the Syrian Department of Antiquities.
		In the south, urban society emerged in the Uruk culture in response to the needs of providing organization to an economy supported by an irrigation-based agriculture.
	www.yoursdaily.com /science_tech/the_battle_of_hamoukar_urban_warfare_in_3500_b_c (962 words)

	Improving Communications in Urban Warfare
		Compounding their difficulties at the lowest tactical levels, or for infantrymen moving through back alleys and buildings, is the interference caused by buildings and structures that impedes electronic communication.
		Differing zones of urban combat will give troops different levels of awareness of their situation and that of the enemy.
		Cellular and satellite telephones are not suited for urban combat for many reasons, including poor security, low rates of data transmission, incompatibilities with existing military communication systems, and needs for fixed infrastructure that may be vulnerable during military operations.
	www.rand.org /pubs/research_briefs/RB3029/index1.html (1224 words)

	context :: destruction by design: military strategy as urban planning
		Weizman’s project builds upon an impressive body of research and practice, which initially focused on the relationship between the theory and practice of warfare in the cities and settlement camps of Palestine, where the Israeli military has retooled itself to deal with guerrilla combat in dense urban situations.
		As urban warfare has come to resemble urban planning, military training programs have instituted theoretical research centres to study the complexity of cities, allowing the battleground to be reshaped to meet strategic objectives.
		An important component is Weizman's exploration of the history of strategic urban warfare, since many of the tactics celebrated as radically “new” have in fact been part and parcel of military operations in cities throughout history.
	straddle3.net /context/03/en/2006_06_09.html (625 words)

	Urban Warfare (March 31, 1999)
		Urban Warfare included an amphibious landing in Alameda via large 90' hovercrafts and CH-53 Sea Stallion helicopters.
		While it is a relatively new phenomenon for the military to practice techniques of warfare in urban areas of the U.S., similar wargames have been staged in Chicago, Staten Island, Jacksonville, FL., and Camp Lejeune, N.C., and the Marines plan to stage more operations in other coastal urban cities in the future.
		They oppose Urban Warfare altogether." Clips of parents bringing their young sons to watch the landing of troops made any idea of rational opposition to the operations seem ridiculous.
	eatthestate.org /03-28/UrbanWarfare.htm (895 words)

	USATODAY.com - U.S. tests new tactics in urban warfare (Site not responding. Last check: )
		FORT POLK, LA. — In recent years the U.S. military has devoted much money and effort to preparing for 21st-century urban warfare — and this preparation may be facing its fiercest test yet in the Euphrates city of Fallujah, as the initial offensive began Monday.
		In many respects, the fight for Fallujah —; dubbed Operation Phantom Fury — epitomizes the urbanization of conflict in Iraq and around the world, as insurgents and terrorist groups increasingly operate concealed in sprawling population centers in a bid to survive against militarily superior government forces.
		Historically, civilians have suffered several times the casualties of U.S. forces in urban battles such as the cases of Hue in Vietnam in 1968, Panama in 1989, and Mogadishu in 1993.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2004-11-08-urban-warfare_x.htm (960 words)

	DefenseLINK News: Soldiers Explain Army Urban Warfare Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		That doctrine addresses a full-spectrum approach to land operations and calls for Army forces to be able to deploy quickly into an area of operations, and deter adversaries and potential enemies from establishing their forces and gaining an operational advantage.
		Noting the challenges U.S. conventional forces would face in a war not fought on open terrain, the panel urged the military to expand its research and development to focus on urban warfare issues.
		In recent years, the Army has been preparing units for the challenges of urban warfare at its new $34-million state- of-the-art MOUT training facility at the Joint Readiness Training Center, Fort Polk, La. The mock city has three sites and about 40 buildings spread over seven acres.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Nov2002/n11272002_200211272.html (759 words)

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