
	Where results make sense

Topic: Urdu literature

Related Topics

Indian literature

Francophone Literature

Persian literature

Urdu poetry

Bengali literature

Hindi literature

Sanskrit literature

Prakrit

Iqbal

Indian writing in English

Tamil Literature

Marathi literature

Persia

Christians in Iran

List of Urdu poets

In the News (Mon 30 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Urdu alphabet, pronunciation and language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language with about 104 million speakers, including those who speak it as a second language.
		Urdu is also spoken in Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Fiji, Germany, Guyana, India, Malawi, Mauritius, Nepal, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, the UAE, the UK and Zambia.
		Urdu has been written with a version of the Perso-Arabic script since the 12th century and is normally written in Nastaliq style.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/urdu.htm (195 words)

	An Introduction to Hindi and Urdu : INTRODUCTION : The Development of Hindi and Urdu
		The true flowering of Hindi literature, however, was not a product of the period of heroic poetry but rather of the time between the 15th and 17th centuries which is called the bhakti age because of the dominance of bhakti, religious devotion, in the literature of that period.
		For this reason, Urdu literature is always considered separately from that of the Hindi literary dialects and is not discussed under the heroic, bhakti and stylistic periods appropriate to them.
		Since both Hindi and Urdu writers were forced to come to grips with the same problems of rapid social change and cultural disorientation that struck India during the 19th century, the histories of the two literatures tend to converge during that period.
	www.angelfire.com /indie/himhindi/introch0.html (5829 words)

	urdustan.net: Scotland Speaks Urdu
		Urdu is considered one of the sweetest language of the world.
		The first-year pupil at Shawlands Academy in Glasgow is one of several non-Asian children in his class who have chosen to study a language that is not part of the mainstream curriculum but is spoken by many of their friends and neighbours.
		Armed with cards made by pupils to celebrate the Muslim holiday of Eid, Mrs Karim pointed to Urdu script written by one girl who had lived all her in life in Glasgow and insisted that it was as perfectly produced as work by her Pakistani friend who moved to Scotland less than a year ago.
	www.urdustan.net /2004/11/scotland-speaks-urdu.html (528 words)

	INDIAN MIRROR - ARTS - Literature
		Sanskrit literature is at least 3000 years old and its role in maintaining the unity and culture of India can be seen from the various periods of literature including the Vedas and the classicals.
		The history of Hindi literature begins around 1000 A.D. The main trendsetters in the early period till the 14th century were the Siddhas, the Jain poets, the Antha Panthis and the Heroic poets.
		The Golden period of Punjabi literature is undoubtedly the period of the Sikh gurus beginning with Guru Nanak and continuing till the passing away of the Guru Gobind Singh.
	www.indianmirror.com /arts/arts7.html (2773 words)

	Muslim Ethos in Indian Literature
		Urdu literature in the north flourished mainly in the 18
		Urdu literature by itself stands witness to the involvement and identification of Indian Muslims with the Indian ethos.
		Urdu literature particularly the ghazal, gave tyrical expression to the agony and ecstasy of the national scene throughout the ages.
	www.islamawareness.net /Asia/India/indian_literature.html (3449 words)

	THE URDU LANGUAGE
		Urdu, however, could be considered as a derivative of Persian as its vocabulary remained over 70% Farsi.
		Urdu differentiated itself from its predecessor with additional grammatical usages and a greater influence of Arabic.
		Urdu was at that time the language of the government, educational system, and the people.
	www.theurdulanguage.com /History.htm (658 words)

	Urdu Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Urdu, by origin, is a dialect of the Western variety of Hindi, spoken for centuries in the neighborhood of Delhi and Meerut, and directly descended from Saur Senic prakrit.
		But Urdu literature really took off with the poets of the Deccan and the Muslim courts of Bijapur and Golcunda in the 16th and the 17th centuries.
		In 1832, Urdu was substituted for Persian as an official language.
	www.goindiago.com /creative/lit/urdulit.htm (395 words)

	Indian literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indian literature has also thrived in modern times; notable contributors to modern Indian literature include such writers as the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, India's first Nobel laureate, and the Persian and Urdu poet Allama Iqbal, both of whose philosophical poetry is renowned the world over.
		Kannada literature is the third oldest in Indian literature next to Sanskrit literature and Tamil literature.
		Urdu soon became the court language of the Mughals and in its higher forms was once called the "Kohinoor" of Indian languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indian_literature (2433 words)

	INDIA_RESOURCE: Indian Heritage, Composite Culture, Urdu, Secular Values, India
		As the English literature, being the literature of the ruling class, influenced all Indian languages, so the Persian literature was the literature of the ruling class at that time and influenced most of the Indian languages, particularly Urdu.
		Urdu literature is basically inspired by humanistic values, both poetry as well as prose.
		Urdu was never the language of Muslims alone, nor of all Muslims in India.
	members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/Urdu.html (1833 words)

	Seasons India :: Indian Literature - Urdu
		He was undoubtedly the heavy-weight of Urdu poetry who ruled and continues to rule the hearts of connoiseurs of Urdu literature.
		One of the pioneers of Urdu novel in the modern sense of the term, Ruswa was a versatile genius.
		Winner of the 1997 Jnanpith award for his contribution to the enrichment of Urdu literature, Jafri was born in Ballarpur town of Uttar Pradesh.
	www.seasonsindia.com /art_culture/lit_urdu_sea.htm (2061 words)

	Urdu Translation - Translate Urdu Language Translator
		In the Deccan the court became the centre for the development of Urdu and the initial Poetry and Literature in Urdu is usually from the Deccan from where the idea of using Urdu rather than Persian as the media of poetry and literature spread to the northern parts of South Asia.
		Urdu is a member of the Hindustani group of languages which is a subgroup of the Indo Aryan group of languages which is in turn part of the Indo European family of languages.
		Urdu is one of the official languages of India where it is the official language of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/urdu.shtml (1601 words)

	Department of Asian Studies
		Hindi-Urdu also has a very sophisticated tradition of literature and the performing arts: from erotic love poetry to grand epics like The Mahabharata, and, of course, a thriving modern literature consisting of film songs, short stories, and novels which address colonial and postcolonial issues.
		These examples of Urdu calligraphy are the names of the artists written in Urdu script and transformed into a picture.
		Urdu students are also welcome to join the Arabic Calligraphy Club, as the script is similar.
	www.unc.edu /depts/asia/program_hindi-urdu.html (860 words)

	Urdu literature (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Urdu literature may be said to find its provenance some time around the 14th century in Mughal India amongst the sophisticated gentry of Persian courts.
		The very color of the Urdu language, with a vocabulary almost evenly split between Sanskrit-derived Prakrit and Arabo-Persian words, was a reflection of the newness of cultural amalgamation and yet the insistence on retaining what was best and most beautiful about the lands of Afghanistan and Persia.
		A man who exercised great influence on the initial growth of not only Urdu literature, but the language itself (which only truly took shape as distinguished from both Persian and proto-Hindi around the 14th century) was the famous Amir Khusro.
	urdu-literature.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (466 words)

	Viewsunplugged.com \| Reflection: The Frigid Face of Urdu By Bharat Gupt
		Urdu has now more and more of a political mission than what is expected of a free and dynamic language, a function it is being prevented from performing in both India and Pakistan.
		Urdu was also not the official or court language in medieval India except at the sunset of the Mughal Empire.
		Urdu was no longer a medium of approaching the new ruling class and its language (now English), or other languages of India as in the past.
	www.viewsunplugged.com /VU/20040826/reflection_urdu.shtml (1608 words)

	Urduhamasr.dk / Short Stories
		Urdu is a beautiful language of the Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent, and its literature is rich and vast, comparable to those of the few better known modern languages of the World.
		On the other hand the study of the Danish literature tanslated into Urdu can in itself be a rewarding act, regardless of the reader's orientation.
		Like Urdu, Danish is not only a language, it is a culture.
	www.urduhamasr.dk (351 words)

	Urdu Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Davar states, the influence of Farsi (the Persian language) and literature was so powerful and all-pervading on Urdu that it created revolutionary changes in the form, spirit and mental atmosphere of that language.
		Urdu, at the beginning, was a mixed language that was formed in the camps where Muslim and Hindu soldiers were housed together.
		Urdu, both in the Southern and the Northern segments of India was so pervaded with Persian elements that even in poetic imageries it followed Persian literature instead of indigenous themes.
	www.mihanfoundation.org /literature/urdu.html (362 words)

	A History of Urdu Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Any description of Urdu literature can never be complete without the mention of Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib (1797-1869), who is considered as the greatest of all the Urdu poets.
		Akbar Allahabadi (1846-1921) was the pioneer among the Urdu humorists and satirists.
		Farhang-e-Asifya is the first Urdu dictionary based on principles of the modern lexicography, which was produced by Maulana Sayyid Ahmed Dehlvi (1846-1920) in 1892.
	www.allinfoaboutpoetry.com /features/urdu.html (1649 words)

	[No title]
		But this attitude can be appreciated only in the larger context of the vast changes taking place in the social and political life of the Muslim community, particularly after the Mutiny was brutally suppressed and the Muslim nobility and gentry experienced the full wrath of the vengeful British rulers.
		A whole school of reformers emerged during this period and it was in the natural course of things that Urdu ghazal and all that it represented came under their critical eye.
		Also, there was a new awareness of English Literature, and those belonging to the new school of thought could not fail to notice the vast difference in the nature and tenor of English and Urdu poetry.
	www.urdustan.com /alup/zabaan03-01.txt (882 words)

	Urdu literature’s vagabond genius
		To that extent, yes, Urdu is not the language of the future.
		Urdu is Hindi’s cousin and it is in this avatar that it thrives in Bollywood, made more intelligible by the craft of Javed Akhtar, who, incidentally, happens to be Majaz’s nephew.
		Urdu poetry is very sweet on the ears, indeed, swe...
	iecolumnists.expressindia.com /full_column.php?content_id=84117 (837 words)

	Indian literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Oral literature in the vernacular languages of India is of great antiquity, but it was not until about the 16th cent.
		Among the Muslims classical Persian poetry was the fountainhead of a later growth in the Urdu literature produced for the Mughal court, and elaborate Urdu verse on set themes was produced in abundance.
		Today there is a written literature in all the important languages of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, as well as a large literature in English intended to reach all the university-educated public regardless of native language.
	www.bartleby.com /65/in/Indianli.html (376 words)

	The Hindu : Karnataka News : National-level award for Urdu literature announced
		To encourage Urdu writers and poets in the State, the `Mahmood Ayaaz Award' would be instituted, with a purse of Rs.
		Quadri regretted the lack of encouragement for Urdu language in the State, especially in north Karnataka, and said that the Chief Minister, N. Dharam Singh, was a "Shayar" (poet), something which many did not know.
		He also called for appointment of Kannada teachers in Urdu medium schools as students in many such schools were facing difficulty because of the absence of Kannada teachers.
	www.hindu.com /2004/09/14/stories/2004091406720500.htm (478 words)

	Urdu Ghazal Urdu Shayari Pakistani Ghazals @ Love Urdu
		Urdu has a rich history of written expression.
		Urdu literature has grown and flourished over the years and contains within itself a vast treasure of learnings, teachings, experiences and emotions.
		Our section on Urdu writing (nasr) brings to you some of the best pieces of Urdu ever produced from the most renowned of writers.
	www.urdulove.com /Literature-english.htm (156 words)

	[No title]
		Then the frontiers began to be pushed back, and gradually a whole subcontinent of literature came into sight - the literature of Golkonda and Bijapur, which rose with the ascendancy of these kingdoms and ended with their decline and extinction.
		If we accept the traditional view that Urdu literature began with Vali, then its rise and growth synchronised with teh period when the Middle Ages had already entered on their final stage and were about to merge into modern times.
		In Urdu poetry there is very little of a genuine affirmation of life; its themes are resignation, passivity, self-pity and the tyranny of fate.
	www.urdustan.com /alup/zabaan03-03.txt (1303 words)

	urduchat.com--urdu literature (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Urdu literature has a long arabic history, however, and because of this it has strong middle eastern roots.
		Modern Urdu literature covers the time from the last quarter of the 19th century to the present day and can...
		Urdu literature may be said to find its provenance some time around...
	www.urduchat.com.cob-web.org:8888 /search/urdu-literature.html (456 words)

	FLN 302: Advanced Hindi-Urdu II
		in Literature continues the third year of training in spoken and written Hindi-Urdu with special emphasis on the discussion of a variety of poetic masterpieces and their relationship to historical contexts, music, dance, film, and major South Asian religious traditions (Hindu, Muslim and Sikh).
		The primary objectives of this course are: to develop mature oral competency in idiomatic spoken Hindi-Urdu, and to acquire sufficient oral and written proficiency to express relatively sophisticated ideas and concepts in a culturally and linguistically authentic manner.
		Assignment: Read at least five poems by one Hindi or Urdu poet of your choice (the poet you choose does not have to be one of the poets discussed in class).
	sasw.chass.ncsu.edu /fl/faculty/taj/hindi/302SYLL.htm (1508 words)

	urdu
		In the midst of this confusion and controversy the Pakistani writer began producing an indigenous Pakistani literature.
		The literature which ultimately emerged was represented by Iqbal who conceived of literature and politics in terms of a spiritual renaissance.
		Urdu literature has also addressed the forms of humour, travelogue and biography.
	www.gowanusbooks.com /urdu.htm (2902 words)

	Little Literature
		Children’s literature, after decades of neglect, is dusting the cobwebs off itself.
		The drawbacks facing children’s literature in Pakistan are the same as those that afflict the book publishing industry as a whole in the country: escalating cost of paper, shortage of libraries and under-developed reading habits.
		Among the early contributors to children’s literature in Pakistan were Ismail Meeruti — considered the founder of Urdu children’s literature in Pakistan — Ibn-e-Insha and Ghulam Abbas.
	www.newsline.com.pk /NewsDec2001/literature.htm (1953 words)

	The Sardar of Urdu literature
		He was one of its leaders, and insofar as Urdu poetry is concerned, its tallest leader in India.
		The irony of it was that in 1986, the same Aligarh Muslim University that had expelled him on account of his participation in the freedom struggle, honoured him (or rather itself), by conferring the D.Litt.
		With his demise at the age of 86, Urdu literature has lost a man who broadened its horizons and deepened its perceptions.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl1717/17171020.htm (1173 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)