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Topic: Ureterocele

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	eMedicine - Ureterocele : Article by Ganesh Raj, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Background: A ureterocele is a submucosal cystic dilation of the terminal segment of the ureter.
		Transverse sonogram of the pelvis depicts the bladder with a ureterocele.
		Transverse sonogram of the pelvis depicts the bladder with a submucosal ureterocele.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic729.htm (3641 words)

	OHSU Doernbecher - Genitourinary & Kidney Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The cause of ureterocele and ureteral duplication is unknown, however, some cases have been reported in siblings, suggesting a genetic component.
		If a ureterocele is not detected on a prenatal ultrasound, it may not be detected until the child has recurrent urinary tract infections.
		Treatment of the ureterocele often depends on the size of the constriction and the function of the kidney that the ureter is draining.
	www.ohsuhealth.com /dch/health/urology/ureter.asp (551 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - Ureterocele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A ureterocele occurs in the lower part of the ureter, where the tube enters the bladder.
		Ureteroceles are equally common in both left- and right-side ureters.
		A ureterocele may be discovered before the baby is born (during a pregnancy ultrasound).
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/1/000462.html (441 words)

	TheFetus.net - Ureterocele, ectopic -Timothy W. Malisch, MD, Philippe Jeanty, MD, PhD
		Repeat incision of the ureterocele was performed and a definitive procedure consisting of left lower pole and right upper pole heminephrectomy with bilateral ureteral reimplantation and reconstruction of the bladder floor is tentatively planned when the patient is about 12-18 months of age.
		A ureterocele is a congenital cystiform dilatation of the terminal submucosal ureter.
		The ureterocele occurs in the terminal ureter as it courses deep to the bladder mucosa, within the bladder wall, and as it dilates it projects farther into the bladder lumen.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=561 (1918 words)

	Ureterocele and Ureteral Duplication
		When a child has a ureterocele, the portion of the ureter closest to the bladder becomes enlarged because the ureter opening is very tiny and obstructs urine outflow.
		The ureter with the ureterocele generally drains the top half of the kidney while the duplicate may drain the lower half.
		The ureter with the ureterocele may enter the bladder lower than the duplicate ureter, which may cause a back-flow of urine into the higher ureter.
	www.montefiore.org /healthlibrary/peds/urology/uud (568 words)

	Ureterocele - Health Centers
		A ureterocele is swelling in one of the?tubes (ureters) that carry urine?from the kidney to the bladder.?The swelling can block urine flow.
		A ureterocele occurs in the lower part of the ureter, where the tube enters the bladder.
		A ureterocele may be discovered before the baby is born (during a pregnancy ultrasound).
	www.wsbtv.com /encyclopedia/6860201/detail.html (646 words)

	UrologyHealth.org - Adult Conditions - Bladder - Ureterocele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A ureterocele is a birth defect that affects the kidney, ureter and bladder.
		Ureteroceles may be "ectopic" when a portion protrudes through the bladder outlet into the urethra, or "orthotopic" when they remain entirely within the bladder.
		Also, the ureterocele may be so large that it completely obstructs the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra.
	www.urologyhealth.org /adult/index.cfm?cat=03&topic=142 (2881 words)

	The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
		Ureterocele associated with duplicate system is not rare, with the reported incidences varying between 1 in 500 to 1 in 4,000 in autopsy series[1].
		That ureterocele is commonly associated with other malformations of the genitourinary tract and is more common in females and on the left side suggest that it is a congenital anomaly.
		A ureterocele is defined as cystic dilatation of the submucosal or intravesical ureter.
	tjp.dergisi.org /text.php3?id=262 (2961 words)

	Ureterocele and Ureteral Duplication - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		The cause of ureterocele and ureteral duplication is unknown; however, some cases have been reported in siblings, suggesting it may be, in part, genetic.
		If a ureterocele is not detected on a prenatal ultrasound, it may not be detected until the child develops recurrent urinary tract infections.
		Ureterocele treatment often depends on the size of the constriction and the function of the kidney that the ureter is draining.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-9182 (552 words)

	Article :Signs- Ureterocele - The "Adder Head" Appearance ; Author : P Saxena ; Co-Author(s) : SG Iyer, GL Sharma, UD ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A ureterocele is a congenital saccular dilatation of the terminal portion of the ureter.
		Ureteroceles may be categorized based on their relationship with their renal unit or based on their distal ureteral configuration and location.
		Etiology: The most commonly accepted theory behind ureterocele formation is the obstruction of the ureteral orifice during embryogenesis, with incomplete dissolution of the Chwalla membrane (A thin primitive membrane that separates the ureteral bud from the developing urogenital sinus).
	www.ijri.org /articles/archives/2003-13-2/uro189.htm (579 words)

	AllRefer Health - Ureterocele
		A ureterocele is a congenital (present from birth) disorder resulting when one of the ureters, the tubes through which urine flows from the kidney to the bladder, swells and develops a pouch as it enters the bladder, causing a blockage and abnormal urine flow.
		A ureterocele involves a widening of the lower part of the ureter, where it enters the bladder, due to a blockage caused by a membrane.
		Ureteroceles may be discovered before birth during a prenatal maternal ultrasound (pregnancy ultrasound).
	health.allrefer.com /health/ureterocele-info.html (484 words)

	Genitourinary and Kidney Disorders - Ureterocele and Ureteral Duplication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The cause of ureterocele and ureteral duplication is unknown, however, some cases have been reported in siblings, suggesting a genetic component.
		Larger ureteroceles that may cause a great deal of reflux (or back-flow) into the ureter may need to be removed.
		A small ureterocele may not require medical intervention if the kidney is functioning without difficulty.
	www.driscollchildrens.org /esp/Greystone/urology/uud.htm (560 words)

	eMedicine - Ureterocele : Article by Eugene Minevich, MD
		Orthotopic ureterocele is a term used for a ureterocele whose orifice is located in a normal anatomic (orthotopic) position within the bladder.
		The ureterocele orifice may be normal or patulous, but the distal ureter leading to it becomes obstructed by the activity of the internal sphincter.
		Surgical therapy for both pediatric and adult ureteroceles may include endoscopic incision or transurethral unroofing of the ureterocele in the adult patient, upper pole heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy with ureterocele decompression, ureteropyelostomy, excision of ureterocele and ureteral reimplantation, and nephroureterectomy.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic3077.htm (5791 words)

	Fetal ureterocele - Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago, IL)
		A ureterocele is a balloon-like malformation of the area where a ureter, the tube from the kidney, enters the bladder.
		Ureteroceles are diagnosed prenatally (before birth) using ultrasound (also known as a ‘sonogram').
		There are no symptoms of ureterocele in the baby before birth, and at the time of birth the newborn examination may be completely normal.
	www.childrensmemorial.org /depts/fetalhealth/Ureterocele.asp (387 words)

	TheFetus.net - Ureterocele -Elke Sleurs, MD*&, Philippe Jeanty, MD, PhD
		A ureterocele is the herniation of the cystic end of a lower ureter, lying between the mucosa and the bladder muscle, ballooning inside the bladder.
		Ureteroceles are also associated with the DiGeorge syndrome characterized by renal anomalies (hydroureteronephrosis with ureterocele, multicystic kidneys, renal agenesis), cardiac abnormalities (ventricular septal defect, double-outlet right ventricle) and absence of the thymus due to a deletion of chromosome 22q11[7].
		Other techniques are early unroofing of ureteroceles or the endoscopic injection of Teflon, which causes the vesico-ureteral reflux to disappear in most cases (70%).
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=562 (956 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - Ureterocele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A ureterocele is a congenital (from birth) disorder in which the ureter develops an out-pouching as it enters the bladder.
		Ureteroceles usually occur after frequent urinary tract infections.
		Treatment of the ureterocele usually involves the placement of a stent to relieve the obstruction and/or surgical repair.
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/2/9114.html (155 words)

	Ureterocele - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A ureterocele is a congenital abnormality found in the urinary bladder.
		Ureteroceles strikes only one in 4,000 individuals, at least four fifths of whom are female.
		Since the advent of the ultrasound, most ureteroceles is diagnosed prenatally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ureterocele (278 words)

	Feature Article
		This approach consists of ureteral reimplantation with tapering, excision of the ureterocele when present, and bladder neck reconstruction.
		If the ureterocele is not associated with upper urinary tract infection or bladder outlet obstruction, one may simply observe the patient on prophylactic antibiotics until the time of reconstruction.
		We believe that primary single stage lower urinary tract surgery in patients with non-functional renal moieties associated with ureteroceles, ectopia, and/or reflux is superior to other approaches that require upper urinary tract ablative surgery.
	main.uab.edu /spu/show.asp?durki=47661 (1377 words)

	UroToday - Holmium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Puncture of Ureteroceles in Neonatal Period. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All the neonates (i.e., children younger than 28 days old) that underwent transurethral puncture of a ureterocele had their preoperative data collected including age at presentation, mode of presentation, ureterocele location, and weight and age at the procedure.
		A holmium: YAG laser was used to incise the ureterocele, and a 200, 365, or 550-?m laser fiber was passed through a 6F or 7.5F cystoscope.
		The group concluded Holmium: YAG laser puncture of ureterocele is a safe, efficacious, and viable option for children in the neonatal period.
	www.urotoday.com /58/browse_categories/pediatric_urology/holmium_yttriumaluminumgarnet_laser_puncture_of_ureteroceles_in_neonatal_period.html (346 words)

	Ureterocele - Children's Hospital Boston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A ureterocele is a ballooning of the ureter at the level of the bladder (intravesical ureter).
		Ureteroceles can cause significant anatomic distortion to other surrounding structures such as the ureteral orifice of the other kidney (contralateral), the trigone and the bladder neck.
		Treatment of the ureterocele often depends on its size and the function of the kidney that the ureter is draining.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1722/printerfriendlypageS1722P0.html (1118 words)

	Ureterocele (Disease)... Fort Lauderdale, Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The size of the ureterocele determines when it will be diagnosed; large ureteroceles are generally discovered earlier in life than smaller ones.
		Sometimes people with ureteroceles don´t know they have the condition, or the diagnosis is made later in life due to kidney stones.
		The surgical repair entails either making an incision of the ureterocele (popping the water balloon) or removing the ureterocele and reattaching the ureter to the bladder.
	www.browardhealth.org /18874.cfm (615 words)

	Ureterocele - Health Centers
		Ureteroceles are equally common in both left- and right-side ureters.
		Large ureteroceles are usually diagnosed earlier than smaller ones.
		Call your health care provider if symptoms indicate ureterocele may be present.
	www.themilwaukeechannel.com /encyclopedia/6860201/detail.html (669 words)

	ENLmedical.com: Conditions And Concerns: Medical Encyclopedia: Ureterocele
		A ureterocele is an uncommon disorder characterized by a widening of the lower part of the ureter where it enters the bladder.
		Ureteroceles may be discovered in infants during a prenatal maternal ultrasound (pregnancy ultrasound).
		A retrograde pyelogram may show ureterocele and hydronephrosis (enlarged kidney from retention of urine behind the obstruction).
	www.enlmedical.com /article/000462.htm (314 words)

	Jornal de Pediatria
		The protocol chosen defines the treatment of the urinary tract as a single entity, without isolating the treatment of ureteroceles, which we consider to be an integral part of a complex of anatomical deformities, whose entirety, in its detrimental effect on each individual component determines its clinical consequences and its treatment.
		None of those with ureterocele showed post-operative lesions, although localized vesical thickening was visible in four and one developed (72 m after total nephrectomy) a vesical diverticulum at the site of the ureterocele described earlier, with reflux at the ureteral stump.
		All of the ureteroceles resolved spontaneously without sequelae, except in the case of one patient, who came to present periureteral vesical diverticulum, after a long period of observation (6 years).
	www.jped.com.br /conteudo/03-79-02-173/ing.asp (4017 words)

	Ureterocele
		A ureterocele is a congenital disorder in which the ureters (the tubes through which urine flows from the kidney to the bladder) swell and develops a pouch.
		Symptoms of a ureterocele include flank pain that may travel to the groin, genitals and thighs; back and abdominal pain, possibley only on one side; urinary tract infection; fever; painful urination; foul-smelling urine; blood in the urine; excessive urination, especially at nigh; urinary incontinece and an abdominal mass.
		If the ureterocele is small enough, it may not be detected until adulthood when the patient seeks medical attention for severe urinary tract infections or kidney stones.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/uz/ureterocele.htm (515 words)

	MedPix 1103: Ureterocele / Vesicoureteral Reflux - Medical Image Database and Atlas
		Ureteroceles are commonly associated with a duplicated renal collecting system and typically involve the ureter draining the upper pole moiety ('half'), are obstructing - causing a hydronephrotic upper pole.
		Ureteroceles may be diagnosed by ultrasound (including prenatal), which demonstrate both the secondary hydronephrosis and an intravesical cystic dilatation of the ureter.
		VCUG (V-oiding C-ysto U-rethro G-ram) can demonstrate the size and location of the ureterocele as well as presence of reflux, which is commonly seen in the ipsilateral lower pole but can also be present in the contralateral system if the ureterocele is large enough to distort the bladder trigone and the opposite ureteral tunnel.
	rad.usuhs.edu /medpix/topic_display.html?recnum=1103 (490 words)

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