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Topic: Urine Tests

	Urinalysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Drug testing uses urinalysis to test for certain chemicals which are typically present in the urine only after recreational drug use.
		These tests must be requested specifically or as part of a toxicology screen, and are not part of a routine urinalysis.
		More often, these tests are performed at the behest of the legal system--by a police or probation officer, by court order, or as part of a court-ordered drug treatment program.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urine_test (421 words)

	Urine Tests
		Doctors order urine tests for kids on a regular basis to make sure that the kidneys and other organs are functioning properly, or when they suspect that a child might have an infection in the kidneys, bladder, or urinary tract.
		Depending on the amount of protein or white blood cells in the urine, the doctor may repeat the urine test at another time, just to make sure that everything is back to normal.
		In most cases, urine is collected in a clean container, then a plastic stick that has patches of chemicals on it (the dipstick) is placed in the urine.
	kidshealth.org /parent/general/sick/labtest7.html (577 words)

	E.R.D.-HealthScreen® Urine Tests: canine and feline early renal or kidney damage detection test: dog: cat
		Urine Tests are rapid immunoassays that detect low levels (>1.0 mg/dL) of albumin (i.e., "microalbuminuria" ["micro-" refers to small amounts of albumin, not the size of albumin]) in canine and feline urine, respectively.
		Detection of the presence of blood using urine dipsticks or identification of red blood cells on sediment exam, in the absence of gross hematuria, is not sufficient contamination to interfere with interpretation of the test.
		Urine Tests is >99% (to date we have not identified a "false positive" result with either test) and sensitivity is >95% at albumin concentrations >2.0 mg/dL.
	www.heska.com /erd/faq.asp (2373 words)

	Pets with Diabetes: Urine Glucose Testing
		Urine glucose testing is based on the fact that excessive amounts of glucose in the blood will be filtered by the kidneys into the urine.
		Because it is usually more difficult to obtain a urine sample from a cat, and cats often hold their urine a long time, it can be very difficult to use urine glucose testing as an accurate method of determining the level of regulation in a diabetic cat.
		I don't think urine testing is accurate enough and there's too much of a time lag between the BG and the urine glucose levels for you to rely only on urine glucose levels to try to achieve regulation.
	www.petdiabetes.org /urine.html (1472 words)

	Kidney function tests
		The urea clearance test requires a blood sample to measure the amount of urea in the bloodstream and two urine specimens, collected one hour apart, to determine the amount of urea that is filtered, or cleared, by the kidneys into the urine.
		Urine osmolality is a measurement of the number of dissolved particles in urine.
		Inability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine in response to restricted fluid intake, or to dilute the urine in response to increased fluid intake during osmolality testing may indicate decreased kidney function.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/kidney_function_tests.jsp (1602 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 2005.2: Urinalysis (Urine Tests)
		This test may be done to look for signs of diseases of the urinary tract (kidneys, bladder, and the tubes that connect them).
		The urine is sent to the lab and tested for blood, sugar, protein, and signs of infection or illness.
		Test results are only one part of a larger picture that takes into account your medical history and current health.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/wha/wha_urintest_crs.htm (523 words)

	Urine Test - [Medical Test]
		The intensity of the color generally indicates the concentration of the urine; pale or colorless urine indicates that it is dilute, and deep yellow urine indicates that it is concentrated.
		Reddish brown urine may be caused by certain medications; by flberries, beets, or rhubarb in the diet; or by the presence of blood in the urine.
		The pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline (basic) the urine is. A urine pH of 4 is strongly acidic, 7 is neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline), and 9 is strongly alkaline.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/medtest/hw6580/descrip.htm (838 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Urinalysis
		If the urine is of an unusual color that cannot be accounted for by food intake or medication (and the urinalysis is positive), consult the health care provider.
		Finding protein in the urine is probably the best test for screening for kidney disease, although there may be a number of causes for an increased protein level in the urine.
		Bilirubin in the urine is a sign of a liver or bile duct disease, and you should consult the health care provider.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003579.htm (1253 words)

	Urinalysis
		Hematuria is the presence of abnormal numbers of red cells in urine due to: glomerular damage, tumors which erode the urinary tract anywhere along its length, kidney trauma, urinary tract stones, renal infarcts, acute tubular necrosis, upper and lower uri urinary tract infections, nephrotoxins, and physical stress.
		Bacteria are common in urine specimens because of the abundant normal microbial flora of the vagina or external urethral meatus and because of their ability to rapidly multiply in urine standing at room temperature.
		A midstream urine is one in which the first half of the bladder urine is discarded and the collection vessel is introduced into the urinary stream to catch the last half.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/TUTORIAL/URINE/URINE.html (2542 words)

	Lyme Disease, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The investigators included this evaluation because diagnostic tests for Lyme disease have been controversial due to problems with their ability to detect evidence of the Lyme bacterium and to distinguish it from closely related bacteria; the lack of standardized materials used to perform the tests; and variation within and among laboratories performing the tests.
		Testing was performed at NEMC, a laboratory recognized by CDC as qualified to do so.
		The laboratory performing the test was not aware of the results from the previous test.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /dmid/lyme/luat.htm (672 words)

	Preeclampsia Foundation Forums - Urine dip tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was not until they made me do another 24 hour urine test last Wednesday that they detected elevated protein (471) as opposed to the test I took 3 months ago (130).
		I went to the dr. yesterday and he said there was a trace of protein from the dip test.
		So I am thinking too that these dip tests are not very accurate and when they really want to see what is up they will do a 24 hour urine catch, which has always been accompanied for me by a blood draw to check for creatne clearance.
	www.preeclampsia.org /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=7127 (607 words)

	Will new urine tests replace uncomfortable cancer diagnostic tests? - Cancer HealthLINK - Yale-New Haven Hospital
		Of the 36 patients tested, the urine test accurately detected bladder cancer in eight patients.
		The urine test works by detecting a protein called Mcm5, which is involved in the normal replication of DNA in all cells.
		Much discussion has centered around using the urine tests to screen the general public for bladder cancer, much like the PSA test is used to detect prostate cancer or a mammogram is used for breast cancer.
	www.ynhh.org /healthlink/cancer/cancer_2_00.html (1370 words)

	anti drug testing products - for urine and hair follicle drug tests
		When using this device in a testing situation, the water is mixed with laboratory clean Concentrated Synthetic Urine Substitute to provide the test facility with a clean toxin-free sample.
		Urine Luck is a chemical solution, which destroys unwanted substances in the urine, which can be detected during an urinalysis.
		These are one-step drug tests that are based on the latest technology for the rapid detection of drugs and/or their metabolites in human urine.
	cleartest.com /products (592 words)

	Beating Drug Tests a 'Major Industry' (phillyBurbs.com) \| Science
		But tests using so-called alternative matrices are already fueling a new round of cat-and-mouse, as companies who specialize in test-beating scramble to market products they claim will foil hair and saliva screening.
		Quest Diagnostics Inc., one of the largest providers of workplace drug tests, reports that the most common type of adulterants were detected in just 0.02 percent of the 2.8 million tests it administered in the first half of last year.
		Urine is tested for temperature when it is collected, leading some subjects to heat synthetic or substitute urine.
	www.phillyburbs.com /pb-dyn/news/247-03272004-272414.html (1387 words)

	Diabetic Nephropathy -- Exams and Tests
		Diabetic nephropathy is diagnosed using tests that check for a protein (albumin) in the urine, which is an indicator of kidney damage.
		Your urine will be checked for protein (urinalysis) when you are diagnosed with diabetes.
		Microalbumin urine tests can detect very small amounts of protein in the urine that cannot be detected by a routine urine test, allowing early detection of nephropathy.
	www.webmd.com /hw/diabetes_1_2/uf3493.asp (156 words)

	pregnancy test urine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A pregnancy test is a test of blood or urine used to determine whether a woman is...
		This is a test to detect beta-HCG (a hormone normally produced during pregnancy) in urine.
		A urine pregnancy test is done with a small sample of urine.
	pregnancy-test.air205.com /pregnancy-test-urine (264 words)

	Pregnancy: Urine Tests: Health Topics: UI Health Care
		Urine tests can also be done at home with a home pregnancy test kit.
		Urine tests are almost, but not quite, as accurate as blood tests.
		To do the test, collect a sample of urine the first time you go to the bathroom in the morning, before you have had anything to drink.
	www.uihealthcare.com /topics/pregnancyandchildbirth/preg4899.html (599 words)

	Pregnancy & Childbirth: Urine Tests
		There are many tests designed to test for pregnancy as soon as you miss a period.
		Urine pregnancy tests can be purchased in a drug store without a prescription.
		Most urine pregnancy tests are sensitive enough to find even a small amount of HCG in your urine.
	www.bmhcc.org /health/library/preg4899.asp (404 words)

	Concentrated Urine - products for beating urine drug tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Activist, Abbie Hoffman, wrote in his book on urine testing, "this is guaranteed drug free and is no put-on...
		This product also protects pregnant women workers urine from sneak tests and lay offs, as well as older employees, near retirement, who unscrupulous employers say tested positive so they can be fired without benefits.
		It is a little harder to use than Klear but if you are concerned that a test other than the EMIT test will be used, then Concentrated Instant Urine may be your answer.
	www.cleartest.com /products/urine.html (378 words)

	Medical Tests: Urine tests - WrongDiagnosis.com
		For example, sugar in urine may mean diabetes and blood in urine may mean various kidney conditions.
		Infant urine tests: Collecting urine from an infant is more difficult than for older children or adults.
		urine tests, urine sodium, urine potassium, urine chloride
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /test/urine_tests.htm (268 words)

	Pregnancy Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All pregnancy tests look for a special hormone in the urine or blood that is only present when a woman is pregnant.
		Some more sensitive urine tests can tell if you are pregnant as early as 6 days after you conceive, or one day after you miss a menstrual period.
		Tests vary in how long you have to wait for the stick or container to turn a certain color or have a symbol on it (like a plus or a minus).
	www.4woman.gov /faq/pregtest.htm (875 words)

	DAYBREAK - Urine Tests Better than Pelvic Exams to Save Teens from Serious Effects of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		"This urine test is nearly as effective as the traditional STD tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia using samples taken from the woman's cervix.
		The UCSF researchers calculated that an annual urine test to screen for STDs among the estimated five million sexually active 15- to 19-year-old young women in the US would save $202,500,000 each year in comparison to universal annual pelvic exams, the method currently recommended by public health experts.
		"Probably the most important application of urine tests is their use on young women and men who have chlamydia or gonorrhea, but have no symptoms at all," Shafer said.
	www.ucsf.edu /daybreak/1999/02/18_stdtests.html (500 words)

	Diabetes: Urine Tests from WebMD
		Urine tests are often given to people with diabetes to check for diabetes-related kidney disease and severe hypoglycemia.
		This test should be performed every year, starting when you are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
		Sometimes, your health care provider may perform a urine test to determine if your blood glucose is dangerously high and if you are producing substances called ketones.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/46/1667_50936?z=1667_50910_6504_00_27 (871 words)

	ACEP: Urine hCG Tests May Miss Early Pregnancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One hundred and two urine tests were reported as negative, of which six were in women whose serum hCG levels indicated pregnancy.
		By contrast, just two of 556 positive urine tests (and one of three reported as "weakly positive") were in a woman with non-pregnant serum hCG levels.
		That is, the serum test may in some cases have been ordered because of clinical suspicion that the urine test was incorrect or because the patient stated the urine test had failed to detect previous pregnancies.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/209022.htm (423 words)

	BabyCentre \| Urine tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Your urine will be tested throughout your pregnancy for signs of protein, which can be a sign of pre-eclampsia, a potentially serious condition.
		You may also have your urine tested for sugar, which can be a sign of gestational diabetes.
		You may find you are only tested if you fall into a high-risk group for gestational diabetes, for example, or if you are overweight or you had the condition in a previous pregnancy.
	www.babycentre.co.uk /refcap/1699.html (420 words)

	Blood and Urine Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A differential (or white blood cell differential) is a test that measures the type of white blood cells in a sample of blood, and the results are given as a percentage of the total white blood cell count.
		These hormones, which are tested to diagnose and monitor therapy of neuroblastoma, can be measured in the blood or urine.
		A creatinine clearance test is often used to assess kidney function, particularly to see how the kidney filters and excretes creatinine, prior to the administration of chemotherapy.
	www.acor.org /nbl/blood.htm (602 words)

	OIVD: Home-Use Tests - Ovulation (Urine Test)
		You should do this test if you want to know when you expect to ovulate and be in the most fertile part of your menstrual cycle.
		You add a few drops of your urine to the test, hold the tip of the test in your urine stream, or dip the test in a cup of your urine.
		Your doctor may use other tests that are not yet available for home use (i.e., blood and urine laboratory tests) and information about your history to get a better view of your fertility status.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/oivd/homeuse-ovulation-urine.html (503 words)

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