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Topic: Urobilin

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	Urobilin - Health Encyclopedia
		Urobilin is one of the final by-products of hemoglobin breakdown.
		The output of urobilin is increased in experimental trypanosome anemia presumably as a result of the increased blood destruction.
		After oxidation of urobilinogen with iodine, the concentration of the resulting urobilin is directly determined from the absorption (or fluorescent) spectrum.
	www.steadyhealth.com /encyclopedia/Urobilin (142 words)

	Color + Design Blog / The Science of Why Your Pee is a Yellow Color by COLOURlovers
		Urobilin are the breakdown products of the bile pigment bilirubin, which itself is the breakdown product of the heme part of the hemeglobin from old blood cells.
		The remaining bilirubin is extracted by the kidneys, where converted it gives urine that familiar yellow color.
		Some early Alchemists believed that the yellow-gold color of pee might be from actual gold and employed all sorts of experiments with it trying to derive gold from pee.
	www.colourlovers.com /blog/2007/06/19/the-science-of-why-your-pee-is-a-yellow-color (925 words)

	STUDIES ON UROBILIN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY: II. DERIVATION OF UROBILIN. RELATION OF THE BILE TO THE PRESENCE OF ...
		of urobilin and urobilinogen from the bile, feces, and urine.
		in a corresponding reduction in the urobilin of the dejecta.
		flow caused disappearance of the urobilin of the bile and stool.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/abstract/41/4/513 (389 words)

	JEM Articles
		Urobilin is one of the final by-products of hemoglobin breakdown.
		Urobilin is excreted in both the urine and feces from many mammals, particularly humans.
		This methodology, using both urobilin and azithromycin (or any other human-use pharmaceutical) could be used to give public water authorities a definitive method for tracing the sources of human waste contamination.
	www.rsc.org /Publishing/Journals/EM/article.asp?DOI=b512858g (302 words)

	The Hindu : Sci Tech / Question Corner : Why does the colour of urine vary from light to bright yellow when we do not ...
		Urine is composed of water, certain electrolytes, and various nitrogenous wastes and urobilins.
		Drinking very little water, concentrates the urobilin content of the urine and it looks dark yellow as the body tries to maintain a constant amount of water within the body system.
		Any rise or drop in blood osmotic pressure due to a lack or excess of water is detected by the hypothalamus, which notifies the pituitary gland via negative feedback.
	www.hindu.com /seta/2006/08/17/stories/2006081702421500.htm (471 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(u”ro-bĭ-lin´o-jən) [urobilin + -gen] a colorless compound formed in the intestines by the reduction of bilirubin.
		Some is excreted in the feces, where by oxidation it becomes urobilin, and some is reabsorbed and re-excreted either in the bile as bilirubin or at times in the urine, where it may be later oxidized to urobilin.
		(u”ro-bil”ĭ-nu´re-ə) [urobilin + -uria] the presence of an excess of urobilin in the urine, as in cirrhosis or certain other liver conditions.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_u_04zPzhtm (3341 words)

	urobilin - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Urobilin is a bile pigment derived from bilirubin via the intermediate urobilinogen.
		It is water soluble and imparts a brown colour to faeces.
		Hence, urobilin is found within both faeces and urine.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-335151044.htm (120 words)

	Simultaneous Fluorescence Detection of Fecal Urobilins and Porphyrins by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Thin-Layer ...
		the identification of urobilins in biological fluids (7)(8).
		attributed to the coextraction of urobilins and porphyrins by solid-phase
		Estimation of urobilin as a fecal pollution indicator in the aquatic environment.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/44/2/345 (982 words)

	Urinary
		The ten percent of bilirubin diglucoronide that is not eliminated in the feces is converted to urobilin and urobilinogen by colonic bacteria.
		The absorbed urobilin and urobilinogen are transported via the blood to the kidneys where it is eliminated into the urine and it is these substances that impart the characteristic yellow color to urine.
		Urobilin and urobilinogen are collectively referred to as Urochromes.
	www1.fccj.edu /sspring/urinary1.htm (3425 words)

	MEDLINE Search on Medscape.com
		Chemical markers of human waste contamination: analysis of urobilin and pharmaceuticals in source waters.
		Simultaneous fluorescence detection of fecal urobilins and porphyrins by reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography.
		The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and other microflora-associated characteristics in faeces from children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes and control children and their family members.
	search.medscape.com /medline-search?queryText=Urobilin (252 words)

	Health Information » 2006 » November
		Conjugated bilirubin turn to urobilinogen by bacteria in the intestine.
		Urobilinogen turn to urobilin by oxidization when expose to air.
		Stercobilinogen turn to stercobilin by oxidization when expose to air.
	www.healthyfinds.com /health/archives/date/2006/11 (798 words)

	Hemolytic Anemias-Print
		With a normal liver the jaundice is rarely severe.
		Excessive bilirubin excreted by the liver into the gastrointerstinal tract leads eventually to increased formation and fecal excretion of urobilin.
		Extravascular hemolysis takes place whenever red cells are injured are rendered foreigh or become less deformable.
	appliedhealtharticles.com /article.php?id=1179&act=print (690 words)

	Color of Urine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Uroerythrin is usually associatied with amorphous urates in a refrigerated sample causing the sample to exhibit a pink coloration.
		Urobilin is produced from the oxidation of urobilinogen and results in an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh.
		Dietary pigments, drugs, and their metabolites and various other abnormal substances may also contribute to the coloration of the urine sample.
	texascollaborative.org /spencer_urinalysis/ds_urine_color.htm (127 words)

	Color of Urine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Uroerythrin is usually associatied with amorphous urates in a refrigerated sample causing the sample to exhibit a pink coloration.
		Urobilin is produced from the oxidation of urobilinogen and results in an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh.
		Dietary pigments, drugs, and their metabolites and various other abnormal substances may also contribute to the coloration of the urine sample.
	www.texascollaborative.org /spencer_urinalysis/ds_urine_color.htm (127 words)

	Amazon.com: urobilin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On urobilin by Frederick Gowland Hopkins (Unknown Binding - 1898)
		are excreted in urine as urobilin after reabsorption from the bowel,...
		the intestinal flora to urobilinogen, urobilin and stercobilin.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=urobilin&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (1002 words)

	urobilin - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "urobilin" is defined.
		Urobilin : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		urobilin : Webster's Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=urobilin (129 words)

	Color of Urine
		Many factors such as your diet, fluid intake, exercise and kidney function can affect what is in your urine.
		Its primary ingredient is water, plus urea, sodium chloride (salt), potassium chloride, phosphates uric acid, organic salts and urobilin.
		Many things can affect the color of your urine, giving you an indicator of fluid balance, diet or the presence of certain urinary tract problems.
	www.hum.org /color_of_urine.html (699 words)

	Bilirubin Metabolism Overview (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If the urine stands in the air, the urobilinogen is oxidized to darker urobilin.
		The urobilinogen that remains in the large intestine also is oxidized to urobilin and then to stercobilin which gives normal feces their color.
		If the liver's function is impaired by hepatitis or cirrhosis, or if biliary drainage is hindered by cholestasis, some of the conjugated bilirubin appears in the urine, giving it a dark color.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/medicine/units/biochem/coursenotes/blanchaer_tutorials/Frank_II/biliOverviewB.html (97 words)

	State Water Resources Research Institute Program
		Although the microbiological studies have been done on Guam, they have never been calibrated against chemical indicators that are relatively unambiguous indicators of human fecal contamination.
		B. Quantitate the presence of several chemical indicators of fecal pollution, including fecal sterols, caffeine and urobilin.
		Since the fecal sterols and urobilin are associated with the particulate fraction, analysis will be performed on surface sediments as well as water samples.
	water.usgs.gov /wrri/99projects/state/Guam.html (916 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories: DNRP Tech. Report
		It is specific to humans, but the analysis is expensive and reproducible results are difficult to achieve.
		Urobilins are breakdown products of bilirubin and are present in mammalian feces and urine.
		The analytical method is simple but it is unclear if the method is specific to human urobilins.
	www.speclab.com /dontech.htm (1031 words)

	Der Brockhaus Gesundheit - Urobilin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Urobilin das: Abbauprodukt des Bilirubins, das mit dem Harn und dem Stuhl ausgeschieden wird (→Gallenfarbstoffe).
		Den Volltext dieses Artikels können Sie im Online-Angebot von Brockhaus hier abrufen.
		Duden: Großes Fremdwörterbuch: Urobilin Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache: Urobilin
	www.brockhaus.de /brockhaus-suche/werke/bgesundheit/220/013/Urobilin.220013800.html (56 words)

	Hepatitis - Your Risk (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The impaired excretion of conjugated bilirubins causes the classic jaundice, or yellow skinned appearance of hepatitis, and the clay colored stools.
		Urobilin is excreted through the kidneys instead of the bowels, causing the coffee-colored urine.
		Bile salts accumulate in the skin, resulting in the irritating pruritis.
	www.nursewise.com /courses/hep_hour.htm (2236 words)

	www.whonamedit.com
		A test of the capacity of the kidney to produce urine of high specific gravity following 24 hours of a diet poor in liquid.
		2 g% dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in 20 %-ig HCI for demonstrating urobilin.
		The hollow of the bulbous portion of the urethra.
	www.whonamedit.com /syndlist.cfm/115 (193 words)

	MLO Online Departments
		Normal urine is generally clear, with a yellow-amber color caused by urochrome, uroerythrin, or urobilin.
		Although this discussion focuses on the evaluation and causes of discolored urine, it must also be kept in mind that hematuria can exist without visual color change in the urine, thus requiring other laboratory methods for urine examination.
		A modified Ehrlich’s reaction is used to detect urobilinogen, in which the urobilinogen is oxidized to urobilin on exposure to air.
	www.mlo-online.com /articles/mlo0700hematuria.htm (2503 words)

	Electrophoretic Behaviour of i-Urobilin and Stercobilin
		As the urobilinoid pigments i-urobilin and stercobilin are known to contain both basic and acidic groups, we have investigated their electro-phoretic behaviour—yet unstudied—at various pH values.
		However, the rate of movement of these materials differed at various pH.
		levels: thus in buffers around pH 5.0 and at pH less than 4.41 stercobilin migrated faster toward the anode or cathode, respectively, whereas at higher pH values (8.6) urobilin was found to move faster than stercobilin in the anode direction.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v181/n4611/abs/181773a0.html (199 words)

	STUDIES ON UROBILIN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY: IV. UROBILIN AND THE DAMAGED LIVER. -- Elman and McMaster 42 (1): 99 -- ...
		only place of origin of urobilin, not merely under normal circumstances,
		from circulation the urobilin brought by the portal stream,
		influence of infection on the place of formation of urobilin
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/abstract/42/1/99 (330 words)

	BIle Pigment Formation
		Bilirubin-glucuronide flows with bile via bile duct (some may be stored temporarily in gall bladder) to duodenum then via small intestine to colon.
		On exposure to air the colourless urobilinogen is slowly oxidised to yellow urobilin.
		There is urobilinogen in urine, but that is colourless and turns to the coloured urobilin oxidation product only very slowly.
	florey.biosci.uq.edu.au /GMC/GMCyr1L1.html (1233 words)

	urobilin - French-English Dictionary WordReference.com
		We found no French translation for 'urobilin' in our English to French Dictionary.
		Or did you want to translate 'urobilin' from French to English?
		Please report any problems that you are having with searches that didn't occur before.
	www.wordreference.com /enfr/urobilin (79 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Early morning urine will be more concentrated than random urines collected during the day.
		Normal urine color is due to the presence of urochrome, urobilin, and uroerythrin.
		ABNORMAL URINE COLOR Red to pink urine can be produced pathologically by the presence of hemoglobin (in high urine pH), myoglobin, porphobilinogen, porphyrins, and red blood cells.
	www.muhealth.org /~md2003/update7/urinalysis.doc (1995 words)

	Round The Red Lamp, by Arthur Conan Doyle; A Physiologist's Wife. Page 3
		I assure you, Ada, that his `Remarks upon the Bile-Pigments, with special reference to Urobilin,' is likely to live as a classic.
		It is not too much to say that he has revolutionised our views about urobilin."
		He paused, but his sister sat silent, with bent head and flushed cheeks.
	www.pagebypagebooks.com /Arthur_Conan_Doyle/Round_The_Red_Lamp/A_Physiologists_Wife_p3.html (485 words)

	Frontier Scientific - - Urobilin hydrochloride - - C33H41N4O6Cl
		Frontier Scientific - - Urobilin hydrochloride - - C33H41N4O6Cl
		Prices are for USA / CANADA only - please inquire for international pricing.
		Content and Design © 2005 Frontier Scientific, Inc. All rights reserved.
	www.frontiersci.com /detail.php?FSIcat=U590-9 (60 words)

	VCU SOM - eCurriculum FAQ Center (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In hepatitis/cirrhosis, it makes sense that CB is elevated because: CB --> bile = rate limiting step.
		It seems as though less bile being secreted would mean less CB in the intestine for conversion to urobilin (a decrease in urobilinogen)?
		What is the significance of a positive coombs test?
	www.pubinfo.vcu.edu /curriculum/faq/results1.asp?group= (88 words)

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