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Topic: Uropod

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	[No title]
		Differentiation from the otherwise quite similar Amphipoda is by the generally dorso-ventrally flattened appearance, by the one pair of uropods, and the 5 pairs of pleopods which are rarely slender and often plate-like.
		ONISCIDAE (Code OR259999) are differentiated amongst the families in which the uropods are neither positioned laterally nor form a tail fan, by the pleon comprising several separate segments and the mandibles lacking a palp, the flagellum of antenna 2 having 3 articles and the mandible lacking a grinding surface.
		STYLONISCIDAE (Code OR260000) are amongst the families in which the uropods are neither positioned laterally nor form a tail fan, recognised by the pleon comprising separate segments and the mandibles lacking a palp, and the flagellum of antenna 2 having 3-10 articles and the mandible with a grinding surface.
	www.lucidcentral.com /keys/lwrrdc/public/aquatics/acarth/html/AR__.htm (1061 words)

	Decapod anatomy - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Pleopods (also called swimmerets) are primarily swimming legs, and are also used for brooding the eggs (except in prawns).
		At the end of the abdomen, a pair of biramous uropods are used for steering, and in the "caridoid escape reaction", along with the telson, which bears the anus.
		You can find it there under the keyword Uropod (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropod)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uropodandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Uropod (361 words)

	Uropod oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		#first pleopods #second pleopods #third pleopods #fourth pleopods #fifth pleopods #uropods Pleopods (also called swimmerets) are primarily swimming legs, and are also used for brooding the eggs (except in prawns).
		Further appendages are found on the abdomen, with each segment capable of carrying a pair of biramous pleopods, the last of which form part of the tail fan (together with the telson) and are called uropods.
		Classification within the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop, giving rise to two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata.
	uropod.en.oddd.org (1999 words)

	[No title]
		Differentiation from the otherwise quite similar Isopoda is by the generally laterally flattened appearance, by the usual 3 pairs of uropods, and the 3 pairs of pleopods being slender, rather than plate-like.
		EUSIRIDAE (Code OP039999) are distinguished from other families of Amphipoda in which the mandible has a palp by characters of the rami of the uropod, which are subequal, the urosomites 2 and 3 are separate, and the accessory flagellum of the first antennal segment is conspicuous and usually bi-articulated.
		PARACALLIOPIIDAE (Code OP040000) are distinguished from other families of Amphipoda in which the mandible has a palp by characters of the rami of the uropod, which are subequal, the urosomites 2 and 3 are fused, and the accessory flagellum of the first antennal segment is conspicuous and usually bi-articulated.
	www.lucidcentral.com /keys/lwrrdc/public/Aquatics/acarth/html/AR8.htm (545 words)

	Roles of p-ERM and Rho-ROCK signaling in lymphocyte polarity and uropod formation -- Lee et al. 167 (2): 327 -- The ...
		the uropod, a spherical membrane protrusion budding from the
		PSGL-1, are concentrated at the uropod (Sánchez-Madrid and del Pozo, 1999).
		uropod formation or lymphocyte polarity remain to be elucidated.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/167/2/327 (6947 words)

	PROCEEDING OF THE WORLD SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON THE BIOLOGY AND CULTURE OF SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
		Uropod: Well developed, with a large spine on the externodistal border of the exopod which possesses 25 marginal setae.
		Uropod: Exopod with well developed externodistal spine and 24 to 25 setae; endopod carries 32 setae.
		Middle region of carapace with a few branched brownish chromatophores; abdomen yellowish, the posterior portion of the last abdominal segment and the basal portion of the uropod tinged with yellowish colour and with light brownish pigment.
	www.fao.org /docrep/005/AC740T/AC740T28.htm (3904 words)

	Suborder Oniscidea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Uropods ventral, hidden by pleotelson and not visible in dorsal view of the animal
		Pleotelson with posterolateral projections; uropod with insertion of exopod and endopod at the same level.
		Uropods with peduncle subcylindrical, exopod inserted terminally and distinctly protruding from body outline.
	tolweb.org /tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/crustacea/isopoda/accessory/caguide/oniscidea.html (767 words)

	Australian Amphipoda: Aoridae - triangulum, Bemlos (male)
		Uropod 1 biramous, rami rami subequal (inner could be shorter), peduncle much longer than broad, distoventral interramal spine shorter than peduncle.
		Uropod 2 peduncle without distoventral interramal spine or with vestigial spine.
		Uropod 3 biramous, rami subequal, inner ramus one and one half times length of peduncle.
	www.crustacea.net /crustace/amphipoda/aoridae/www/triangul.htm (260 words)

	Images of lymphocyte locomotion
		Betsy Repasky finds that Protein kinase C and Spectrin move from the cell periphery to the uropod; and, the Shaw Lab finds that vimentin, plectin and fodrin also go to the uropod quickly in response to chemokine signals directing cell polarity and movement.
		In Ratner's confocal image actin concentrated in the anterior lamellipodium is green and bundles of tubulin in the posterior uropod are red.
		Vimentin and plectin also redistribute to the uropod after SDF-1a stimulation, thus cytoskeletal polarization seems to be aligned so that acquisition of signal and initiation of a motor response toward the signal is coordinated by cell membrane receptor cytoskeletal interactions.
	www.geocities.com /artnscience/page5.html (269 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Digital Video Gallery: Live-Cell Imaging - A. P. Mongoose Cell Motility
		The cells generally assume a roughly triangular form; their leading margins, which are comprised of flattened lamellipodia, are very broad, and their less-active trailing ends taper into a narrow tail.
		In some instances, fragments of the uropod are not completely released from the substratum, and the advancing cells are forced to abandon them in order to continue on their paths.
		During the second half of the video, what appears to be a large, round cell fragment enters the upper field of view along the left-hand side and dances wildly across the culture medium while paying little heed to the other cells it encounters.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/livecellimaging/apm/t1/apm-dsl1.html (327 words)

	Sustained membrane potential change of uropod motor neurons during the fictive abdominal posture movement in crayfish ...
		Sustained membrane potential change of uropod motor neurons during the fictive abdominal posture movement in crayfish -- Takahata and Hisada 56 (3): 702 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
		Sustained membrane potential change of uropod motor neurons during the fictive abdominal posture movement in crayfish
		The occurrence of the uropod steering response as one of the equilibrium
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/56/3/702 (338 words)

	Local nonspiking interneurons involved in gating of the descending motor pathway in crayfish -- Takahata and Hisada 56 ...
		Uropod motor neurons in the terminal abdominal ganglion of crayfish are
		excitation of uropod motor neurons during the fictive abdominal movement
		involved in the excitation of uropod motor neurons during the fictive
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/56/3/718 (297 words)

	Microtubule Asymmetry during Neutrophil Polarization and Migration -- Eddy et al. 13 (12): 4470 -- Molecular Biology of ...
		We have previously demonstrated that activated myosin II is localized to the uropod as well as the leading lamella in motile
		Ratner, S., Sherrod, W.S., and Lichlyter, D. Microtubule retraction into the uropod and its role in T cell polarization and motility.
		Seveau, S., Lopez, S., Lesavre, P., Guichard, J., Cramer, E.M., and Halbwachs-Mecarelli, L. Leukosialin (CD43, sialophorin) redistribution in uropods of polarized neutrophils is induced by CD43 cross-linking by antibodies, by colchicine or by chemotactic peptides.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/12/4470 (6394 words)

	Heparan Sulfate Regulates Targeting of Syndecan-1 to a Functional Domain on the Cell Surface -- Yang et al. 278 (15): ...
		The present study reveals that syndecan-1 is targeted to the uropod via its heparan sulfate chains.
		Staining of uropods with cholera toxin beta-FITC demonstrates that the addition of heparin to CAG cells does not disrupt lipid rafts within the uropods (G).
		of syndecan-1 to the uropod and the rapid redistribution of the
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/15/12888 (4762 words)

	Neutrophil polarity and locomotion are associated with surface redistribution of leukosialin (CD43), an antiadhesive ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		uropod, similar to what is observed on adherent locomoting cells.
		Arrows indicate the position of the lamellipodium; asterisk indicates the uropod position.
		In the antiadhesive hypothesis, a repulsive uropod would facilitate the release of adhesion at the rear of the cell.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/95/8/2462 (5842 words)

	Contributions to Zoology
		Long and strong peduncle with basoventral spine, and dorsal row of 5-6 spines and 2-4 medial spines; strong and long distalomedial spine; endopod with one marginal and 5 distal spines; exopod slightly shorter than endopod, with 5 distal spines.
		A, uropod 1; B uropod 2; C, uropod 3; D, telson.
		ruffoi; it differs from the latter by the spine on uropod 3 peduncle and only one distal spine on the endopod of uropod 3, by the very long and strong distal spine of the uropod 2 peduncle, and by the absence of spine on uropod 2 exopod.
	dpc.uba.uva.nl /ctz/vol68/nr03/art02 (3082 words)

	Segregation of lipid raft markers including CD133 in polarized human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells -- Giebel ...
		The YFP is strongly expressed throughout the cytoplasm of the cells, whereas CD44-GFP and CD133-GFP are concentrated in the uropod of the migrating cells (arrows in Di and Ei).
		pole and a uropod at the rear pole.
		Lipid rafts mediate biosynthetic transport to the T lymphocyte uropod subdomain and are necessary for uropod integrity and function.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/104/8/2332 (4893 words)

	CD2 molecules redistribute to the uropod during T cell scanning: Implications for cellular activation and immune ...
		CD2 molecules redistribute to the uropod during T cell scanning: Implications for cellular activation and immune surveillance -- Tibaldi et al.
		CD2 molecules redistribute to the uropod during T cell scanning: Implications for cellular activation and immune surveillance
		of the ratio of the fluorescence intensity in the uropod and in
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/11/7582 (5372 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Digital Video Gallery: Live-Cell Imaging - MDBK Cell Motility
		Once they move further toward the rear of the advancing cell, however, they are usually detached from the surface.
		The tail of a migrating cell is known as a uropod or retraction fiber.
		The fiber possesses contractile properties and usually is quickly retracted back into the main body of the cell periodically, like a rubber band stretched too far.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/livecellimaging/mdbk/56k/mdbk-56k4.html (211 words)

	Paul, D
		Paul, D.H. Identification of homologous muscles and motoneurons in two species of sand crab belonging to different taxonomic families suggests ancestry of swimming by uropod beating.
		"Stretch-receptive" neurons with central somata are associated with the uropods in megalopa of
		II: Morphology and physiology of the uropod neuromusculature.
	web.uvic.ca /~dpaul/publications.htm (1061 words)

	Family Mysidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Exopod of uropod with distinct distal suture (Fig.
		Endopod of uropod undivided; exopod of uropod armed with spines, but no setae, on outer margin of proximal segment (Fig.
		Endopod of uropod divided into two articles; exopod of uropod armed with setae, but no spines, on outer margin of proximal article (Fig.
	tidepool.st.usm.edu /mysids/mysidae.html (212 words)

	Heteromysis key for Western Indian Ocean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Endopod of uropod unarmed, antennal scale longer than peduncle, lateral margin of the telson armed with 12 to 15 spines > Heteromysis gymnura
		Endopod of uropod armed with eight to nine spines, lateral margin of the telson armed with 12 spines > Heteromysis gerlachei
		Endopod of uropod armed with 16 spines, lateral margin of the telson armed with 14 spines > Heteromysis harpax
	users.ugent.be /~tdeprez/Mysidacea/Keys/Wio/Heteromysis.html (308 words)

	Chemokines Induce Moesin Interaction with ICAM-3 -- Harrington 18 (1): 67 -- Stem Cells
		the cell uropod, a membrane protrusion at the end of a migrating
		ICAMs redistributed by chemokines to cellular uropods as a mechanism for recruitment of T lymphocytes.
		Moesin interacts with the cytoplasmic region of intercellular adhesion molecule-3 and is redistributed to the uropod of T lymphocytes during cell polarization.
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/18/1/67 (307 words)

	IngentaConnect Tagging of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) by uropod cutting: a comp... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Regeneration of uropods in juvenile shrimp commenced within a week and complete regeneration was evident after 2 weeks.
		Abnormal growths (AGs) on regenerated uropods (91.1%) were observed in juvenile shrimp including hollow-type (HT; 77.8%) and flat-type (FT; 13.3%).
		In WR, regenerated uropods among juvenile shrimp were of a normal type (N) which was indistinguishable from the control treatment.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/ares/2006/00000037/00000009/art00006 (303 words)

	Phospholipid Flip-Flop and Phospholipid Scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) Co-localize to Uropod Rafts in Formylated ...
		at the uropod of polarized neutrophils, and that plasma membrane
		PLSCR1 aggregates at the uropod with a marker of lipid rafts in fMLP-polarized neutrophils.
		Arrows indicate the uropod of the polarized cells.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/17/17625 (5865 words)

	Leukocyte uropod formation and membrane/cytoskeleton linkage in immune interactions -- Fais and Malorni 73 (5): 556 -- ...
		Leukocyte uropod formation and membrane/cytoskeleton linkage in immune interactions -- Fais and Malorni 73 (5): 556 -- Journal of Leukocyte Biology
		uropod, the role of cytoskeleton in defining its structure and
		function, and the involvement of the uropod in the complex interplay
	www.jleukbio.org /cgi/content/abstract/73/5/556 (447 words)

	Clathrin plays a novel role in the regulation of cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability and motility in ...
		Clathrin plays a novel role in the regulation of cell polarity, pseudopod formation, uropod stability and motility in Dictyostelium -- Wessels et al.
		The uropods of chc(-) cells also exhibited spatial instability.
		the uropod in the posterior half of a crawling cell, two behavioral
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/113/1/21 (517 words)

	Plasma Membrane Organization Is Essential for Balancing Competing Pseudopod- and Uropod-promoting Signals during ...
		the uropod was disrupted, as cells readily reversed polarity
		Eddy, R. J., Pierini, L. M., Matsumura, F., and Maxfield, F. Ca2+-dependent myosin II activation is required for uropod retraction during neutrophil migration.
		Millan, J., Montoya, M. C., Sancho, D., Sanchez-Madrid, F., and Alonso, M. Lipid rafts mediate biosynthetic transport to the T lymphocyte uropod subdomain and are necessary for uropod integrity and function.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/12/5773 (6801 words)

	Microtubule retraction into the uropod and its role in T cell polarization and motility -- Ratner et al. 159 (3): 1063 ...
		Microtubule retraction into the uropod and its role in T cell polarization and motility -- Ratner et al.
		Microtubule retraction into the uropod and its role in T cell polarization and motility
		During polarization the uropod (a slender posterior appendage) forms at the
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/abstract/159/3/1063 (904 words)

	From the Cover: Segregation of leading-edge and uropod components into specific lipid rafts during T cell polarization ...
		the uropod is sufficient to trigger neutrophil polarization and
		It was unclear whether uropod GM1 concentration is unique to NS-1 cells or is a generalized phenomenon in polarized T cells.
		T cells was used as an indicator of uropod performance.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/17/9642 (5015 words)

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