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Topic: Urushiol

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	Outsmarting Poison Ivy and Its Cousins
		The cause of the rash, blisters, and infamous itch is urushiol (pronounced
		Because the urushiol must penetrate the skin to cause a reaction, places where the skin is thick, such as the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands, are less sensitive to the sap than areas where the skin is thinner.
		This is either because the urushiol is absorbed at different rates in different parts of the body or because of repeated exposure to contaminated objects or urushiol trapped under the fingernails.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/796_ivy.html (1815 words)

	Urushiol induced contact dermatitis solution - Patent 7008963
		Current theory suggests that the reaction to urushiol is a delayed cell-mediated immune response in which, upon first exposure, urushiol penetrates the stratified squamous epithelial cells and binds to the Langerhan cells, which, in turn, sensitize effector T-cells in the lymph system.
		Urushiol can be transferred by fingernails or animal fur and can remain on clothing, shoes, and tools for up to five years in moist climates and nine years in dry climates.
		Urushiol is the name given to a family catechols having long, hydrophobic, carbon (alkyl) side chains at the three position of the catechol ring.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7008963.html (0 words)

	Poison Ivy Allergy
		While the urushiols of the three plants are not identical, they are sufficiently similar in chemical composition for a person allergic to one to react to all three.
		Because urushiol is in the resin of the plant, rubbing or crushing the plant or a leaf provides sufficient contact for for an allergic reaction.
		Urushiol is transferred easily from one object to another, so clothing or tools that touch the plants, or pets that rub against them, can pick up the plant oil and pass it directly to a person.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921270717.html (2326 words)

	Dermatology Consultants
		Urushiol is found in the sap of poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac.
		This may happen because urushiol absorbs more slowly in to skin that is thicker, such as on your forearms, legs, and trunk.
		We are not born with a sensitivity to poison ivy.
	www.dermconsultants.com /poisonivy.html (1474 words)

	International Society of Arboriculture
		Urushiol is an oily, resinlike substance found in all sections of the poison ivy and poison oak plants, except in the pollen, anther, epidermis, and xylem tissue found inside the stem.
		Urushiol oil is absorbed into the skin within ten minutes of contact with poison ivy or poison oak.
		Areas of the body where skin is thicker, such as the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet, tend to be less sensitive.
	www.isa-arbor.com /publications/arbnews/aug03/feature2.aspx (0 words)

	[No title]
		Urushiol is an allergen, so the rash is actually an allergic reaction to the oil in these plants.
		Urushiol is an allergen, so the rash is actually an allergic reaction to the oil in poison ivy, oak, or sumac.
		Urushiol that is on clothing or other objects may spread to your skin months after initial contact.
	www.healthbanks.com /PatientPortal/Public/ArticlePromoted.aspx?ArticleID=HW5hw75039 (3271 words)

	Poison Oak (Site not responding. Last check: )
		"Urushiol is a general term applied to the toxic substance in the sap causing allergic contact dermatitis in people.
		This process is the natural immunity to the poison urushiol in poison oak and in other plants.
		Urushiols can become soluble in mixtures of soap, lotions, and oils and therefore can spread further and grow worse.
	www.d230.org /vja/research/science/chemistry/poisons/poison_oak.htm (372 words)

	Poison Ivy Rash, Poison Ivy Treatment
		Urushiol is actually a toxic, resinous type substance that is found in all parts of the plants of poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac.
		Urushiol can be spread if a person gets urushiol on his or her clothing and then someone else comes in contact with the clothing.
		Indications are that urushiol would have to be diluted down to 1 part urushiol to 60,000 parts olive oil before the potency of the urushiol was diminished.
	www.tecnuextreme.com /faq.htm (835 words)

	Poison Ivy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Urushiol is actually a mixture of four different but similar phenolic compounds called catechols, which consist of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbons and a 15-carbon side chain (Figure 1).
		Urushiol is one of the most common causes of allergic reactions in the United States.
		There, an urushiol complex is bound by an immune system cell called a helper T cell, which then divides rapidly and produces many copies of itself.
	www.chemcenter.org /portal/a/c/s/1/feature_ent.html?id=c373e9f589d69a698f6a4fd8fe800100 (823 words)

	UCONN IPM: Integrated Pest Management:Home Grounds:Poison Ivy
		Urushiol is present in all plants, at all times of the year, in about the same strength.
		However, urushiol that remains on the skin or clothing, or on your pet’s fur, can be transferred to another person, which may result in a rash.
		Urushiol may be transferred from one unwashed spot to a different body part, which results in reexposure.
	www.hort.uconn.edu /ipm/homegrnd/htms/poisivy2.htm (1922 words)

	Poison ivy - Cacheopedia
		Urushiol can remain active for years, it is NOT inactivated during winter.
		Urushiol may remain on clothing, shoes, gardening implements, or even your dog's fur for a long time.
		Urushiol is released from the plant when the plant is damaged, which happens when you brush up against it or step on it.
	cacheopedia.com /wiki/Poison_ivy (571 words)

	What to Do If You Get the Itch - Science - RedOrbit
		The chemical in the sap of these plants that causes the reaction is urushiol oil, and it is found in the leaves, vines and roots of the plants.
		Urushiol oil is so potent that only one-billionth of a gram is needed to cause a rash.
		Blocking exposure to urushiol oil may mean dressing in long pants, long-sleeved shirts, and wearing socks and shoes when going into areas that are likely to contain the plants.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/591937/what_to_do_if_you_get_the_itch/index.html?source=r_science (877 words)

	al.com's Printer-Friendly Page
		That's because urushiol, the oil that causes the itch, can be transferred from plants to animals and items, such as garden gloves.
		Urushiol is colorless or pale yellow, though it turns brownish-fl after it's exposed to air.
		When urushiol gets on the skin, it begins to penetrate and combines with skin proteins to form an antigen, which medical texts define as a substance that induces a state of sensitivity.
	www.al.com /printer/printer.ssf?/specialreport/mobileregister/healthwise/04_0606ivy.html (804 words)

	The Poison Plants: Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac
		Urushiol triggers an allergic reaction when it comes into contact with the skin, resulting in an itchy rash, which can appear within hours of exposure or three to five days later.
		Urushiol is found in all parts of the plants—including the leaves, stems and roots—even when the plants are dead.
		Urushiol is easily transferred from one object to another, so clothing or tools that touch the plants, or pets that rub against them, can pick up the plant oil and pass it to a person.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/2900/2992.asp?index=10655 (1329 words)

	Poison Ivy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Urushiol is actually a mixture of four different but similar phenolic compounds called catechols, which consist of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbons and a 15-carbon side chain (Figure 1).
		Urushiol is one of the most common causes of allergic reactions in the United States.
		There, an urushiol complex is bound by an immune system cell called a helper T cell, which then divides rapidly and produces many copies of itself.
	www.acs.org /portal/a/c/s/1/feature_ent.html?id=c373e9f589d69a698f6a4fd8fe800100 (831 words)

	Poison Ivy Rash, Poison Ivy Treatment
		Urushiol is actually a toxic, resinous type substance that is found in all parts of the plants of poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac.
		Urushiol can be spread if a person gets urushiol on his or her clothing and then someone else comes in contact with the clothing.
		Indications are that urushiol would have to be diluted down to 1 part urushiol to 60,000 parts olive oil before the potency of the urushiol was diminished.
	www.ivystat.com /faq.htm (835 words)

	Poison Oak. Photos. Images. Information. Urushiol. Poison Oak Safety. Rhus.
		Urushiol can remain active on dead plants for as much as 5 years, and on unwashed clothing for a year or two.
		Although nonvolatile, urushiol may be carried in ash and dust particles and as minute droplets in smoke from burning foliage.
		Urushiol is found in resin canals within the plant and on plant surfaces if leaves and stems are bruised or damaged by insects.
	www.mdvaden.com /poison_oak.shtml (2268 words)

	U.S. Pharmacist
		The urushiol oil in these three weeds is a common cause of allergic reactions in millions of people in the US each year.
		One of the most dangerous exposures to urushiol oils occurs when the urushiol in smoke is inhaled from a burning poisonous plant.
		The rash caused by contact with urushiol oil begins with severe itching and lines or streaks of redness and swelling, followed by the formation of tiny fluid-filled blisters.
	www.uspharmacist.com /index.asp?show=article&page=8_1281.htm (0 words)

	Howstuffworks "What causes poison ivy?"
		This chemical penetrates the outer layer of skin until it hits the dermis, and in the dermis an allergic reaction to the urushiol occurs.
		Urushiol does not spread through the body (although it may appear to because of the delay in symptoms caused by differing skin thicknesses).
		T lymphocytes recognize the foreign substances, usually after the antigen is eaten, degraded, and presented (in pieces) by so-called antigen-presenting cells such as Langerhans cells in the skin, or macrophages.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question170.htm (0 words)

	Dissolving Urushiol Oil
		It is my understanding that urushiol takes anywhere from minutes to hours to bind to the skin and cause the allergic reaction.
		Roberto Gregorious ===================================================== Jim, Urushiols are a mixture of compounds referred to as catechols.
		In a sense, alcohol is a better urushiol solvent than water because the aliphatic part of the alcohol molecule shares non-polar properties with the urushiol "tail." Regards, ProfHoff 907 ==================================================== "Urushiol" refers to a class of 1,2 di-hydroxy, 3 alkyl benzenes.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem03/chem03357.htm (0 words)

	The Nature Conservancy in Ohio - A Look at Poison Ivy
		Urushiol is still present in the stems and roots of the dormant plant, just not as potent.
		Urushiol is the ultimate natural hitchhiker, riding on the fur of animals, such as cats or dogs.
		Urushiol also travels through air when it is carried in smoke or soot from burning poison ivy vines, brush or your firewood.
	www.nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/ohio/volunteer/art12428.html (1190 words)

	1997, sci.med.aids thread - Urushiol, DTH & HIV (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Interestingly, urushiol, the immunogenic hapten of the family Anacardiaceae, and DNCB initiate the same type of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (DTH).
		Urushiol can be processed by both the endogenous and exogenous antigen presenting pathways for presentation to T cells (Kalish et al., 1994).
		The frequency of urushiol specific T cells was less than 1/10,000 in the peripheral blood and less than 1/100 in skin lesion during acute skin eruptions (Kalish & Johnson, 1990).
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/healthnet/HIV/docs/scimed02/SciMed01632.html (1179 words)

	Infectious Diseases in Children
		These plants produce a chemical substance, urushiol, which is responsible for the allergic response that often occurs when contact is made with them.
		The process of how urushiol results in dermatitis is interesting, for it is present only within the plant internally, and is not present directly on the plant surface.
		When these plants are burned, it is also possible for urushiol to be present in airborne particulate matter that may come in contact with skin over widespread parts of the body.
	idinchildren.com /200105/pharmconsult.asp (1113 words)

	Poison Ivy Tutorial - My Notes
		The oleoresin urushiol, which flows through the poison ivy plant and its relatives, causes the allergic reaction (a red, itchy rash).
		Urushiol is a sticky, clear oil containing catechols and other phenolic resins that act as a powerful hapten (a substance that does not stimulate antibody formation but reacts selectively in vitro with an antibody).
		Urushiol resin remains stable, even in dead or dried plants, and therefore is equally hazardous in the winter as in the summer.
	www.cattail.nu /ivy/ivy_resin.html (0 words)

	Poison Ivy, Oak, & Sumac - Fast Facts - (www.poisonivy.us)
		Urushiol oil stays active on any surface, including dead plants, for up to 5 years.
		Upwards of 90% of people are allergic to urushiol oil, it's a matter of time and exposure.
		The more times you are exposed to urushiol, the more likely it is that you will break out with an allergic rash.
	poisonivy.aesir.com /view/fastfacts.html (476 words)

	Poison Ivy, Oak and Sumac
		Researchers have discovered that the poison ivy plant is growing faster and bigger due to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from global warming.
		Urushiol is the chemical in poison ivy plants that causes the typical allergic reaction and symptoms of poison ivy rashes.
		Urushiol is found in the leaves, stems, and roots of poison ivy plants, which means that you can get a rash even in the winter, when a plant has lost all of its leaves.
	www.co.westchester.ny.us /health/PoisonIvy.htm (733 words)

	Body
		This may happen because urushiol absorbs more slowly into skin that is thicker, such as on your forearms, legs and trunk.
		Remember that the plant's nearly invisible oil – urushiol – sticks to almost all surfaces.
		Because urushiol can even travel in the wind if it burns in a fire, do not burn plants that look like poison ivy.
	www.effingham.com /marshall/poisonivy.htm (1462 words)

	The Professional Tree Care Company - Removal, Pruning and Maintenance
		Bottom line, wherever there is urushiol oil, there is a chance of a rash.
		The urushiol oil stays active on any surface, including dead plants, for up to five years.
		You can’t spread urushiol oil in this manner, but you should be concerned about infection and scarring.
	www.professionaltreecare.com /poisonoak.htm (310 words)

	Missouri's Most Irritating Plant
		Urushiol is found in every part of the poison ivy plant throughout the year.
		Urushiol only becomes an irritant when the oil has been absorbed into the skin and begins to metabolize with other skin proteins.
		Clothing protects you from direct contact with the urushiol, but it can be a source of later contact.
	mdc.mo.gov /conmag/2005/03/50.htm (2313 words)

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