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Topic: User space

	User space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The kernel space is strictly reserved for running the kernel, device drivers and any kernel extensions.
		On the other hand user space is the memory area used by all user mode applications and this memory can be swapped (paged) out at any time depending upon the current system requirement.
		A user application cannot access the kernel space directly and similarly a kernel code cannot access the user space without checking whether the page is present in memory or swapped out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/User_space (132 words)

	Restricting space via quotas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Space is limited on the central Novell servers to a maximum of 100 MB per user within the home directory volume (without special provision).
		At each increase, we remind users that there is limited space, that it is shared, and that HOME directory space should be reserved for documents and other files that they create.
		When the user quota is expanded, then within then NDS volume object, we change the user limit within the "User Space Limits" tag.
	www.lbl.gov /ICSD/CIS/Novell/admin/quotas.html (363 words)

	User:K.lee/Programming language rewrite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The disadvantage of this approach is that type errors are often not detected until a piece of code is actually executed, so it is theoretically possible for a user, trying something that was not tested by the programmer, to crash the program.
		Furthermore, beyond the data manipulation instructions, other typical instructions in a language are those used for control flow (branches, definitions by cases, conditionals, loops, backtracking, and functional composition).
		For example, users want to run their own programs, which are not part of the test suite; indeed, a language implementation that could only run the programs in its test suite would be largely useless.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/User:K.lee/Programming_language_rewrite (5720 words)

	User Space Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		User space is that portion of system memory in which user processes run.
		This contrasts with kernel space, which is that portion of memory in which the kernel executes and provides its services.
		User processes are instances of all programs other than the kernel (i.e., utility and application programs).
	www.bellevuelinux.org /user_space.html (252 words)

	User-Space Transformations
		However, arbitrary user code cannot be used in kernel transformations for two reasons.
		Developing in user space does not obviate the need for testing a transformation in the kernel, but it does reduce the time spent debugging.
		This transformation passes its input data across the kernel-user boundary to a user-level transformation network that runs in user space.
	www.cse.nd.edu /~ssr/papers/sosp99/node5.html (338 words)

	Kernel Korner - udev—Persistent Device Naming in User Space \| Linux Journal
		If the user rearranges the USB topology, perhaps adding a USB hub to support more USB devices in the system, the USB probing order of the printers might change the next time the computer is booted, reversing the assignment of the different minor numbers to the two printers.
		However, a user generally does not care that /dev/usb/lp0 and /dev/usb/lp1 are now reversed and should be changed in a configuration file somewhere.
		The first item, run in user space, is accomplished by harnessing the fact that /sbin/hotplug generates an event for every device added to or removed from the system with sysfs' ability to show all the needed information about all devices.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article.php?sid%3D7316 (2688 words)

	Comparison of User Space and Kernel Mechanisms
		User level controls although limited in their capabilities, have easy access to application layer information.
		There are two main reasons for the higher efficiency and scalability: First, non-compliant connection requests are discarded earlier reducing the queuing time of the compliant requests, in particular less CPU is consumed and the context switch to user space is avoided.
		Second, when implementing rate control at user space, the synchronization mechanisms for sharing state among all the Apache server processes decrease performance.
	www.usenix.org /events/usenix01/full_papers/voigt/voigt_html/node20.html (529 words)

	ESA - Human Spaceflight - Research in space - The User Information Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Previous space missions were usually one-offs requiring years of preparation and hefty budgets, or else sporadic and of short-duration.
		The physical environment is the zero gravity, vacuum and space radiation; the operational environment is a platform that orbits the Earth.
		With access to space due to increase enormously as ISS assembly is completed, the User Information Centre hopes to bring far more people and institutions into the microgravity fold.
	www.esa.int /export/esaHS/ESASZ31VMOC_research_0.html (1123 words)

	Metro State Division of Information Technology \| Projects \| User Disc Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In addition to the standardized suite of software, each replacement computer will come with user disk space for saving user data and to accommodate users who wish to install programs not provided in the standardized suite of software.
		This space is separate and distinct from the areas where the standardized suite of software resides.
		Users choosing to install software in this space will be responsible for its licensing and operation.
	www.mscd.edu /~infotech/projects/dtreplacement/userdiskspace.htm (162 words)

	IMDb user comments for Space Jam (1996) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Space Jam has all the humor of the classic shorts that made us love Bugs, Daffy and all the rest.
		Overall, "Space Jam" is just another popcorn flick that is perfect to kill a weekend afternoon with.
		This brand-new edition of `Space Jam' is sure to be THE definitive collector's series that both Looney Tunes and Michael Jordan fans have been waiting to get their hands on, like me for instance (a die-hard fan of the Looney Tunes.)
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0117705/usercomments (2410 words)

	Virtual Space - User Interfaces of the Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		According to the test results, the technology of the game space worked and players felt that the spatial user interface was a natural playing environment.
		Virtual Space generates a powerful comprehensive experience by reducing the boundaries between the surrounding interactive space and the application designed to be used in the space.
		The project has developed user interfaces that are operated by movements of the body without the need to wear any special equipment.
	www.vtt.fi /tte/projects/lumetila (653 words)

	User's Space and Interface Overlay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The user's space is centered on the user and is projected simultaneously into the current space.
		In this way, the interface always travels withthe user from space to space, with individual elements of the interface deployed or hidden as desired.
		More about the user interface and how it's projected and mapped into the current space is explained in Fig.
	www.well.com /user/jleft/orbit/infospace/figures/fig26.html (59 words)

	User Space Meets Document Space
		A moving user is presented with a changing set of visible objects.
		Other users may see the user in motion appearing in, and disappearing from their neighborhood.
		A neighborhood server is responsible for the user space of a part of the Web and it will create the user space for this part.
	www-vs.informatik.uni-ulm.de /bib/1998/www7-short/461.html (1390 words)

	Synchronizing user space threads with kernel space in linux
		I like to model the user/kernel space interface to look like a hardware device in terms of interrupt/signal handling, with ioctl's to acknowledge/enable/disable signals/interrupts from the driver.
		These can be used to inform a user space application that some data has arrived to be processed.
		Your user space code can open the device and use the above functions which among other things provide the ability to block a thread until an interrupt is received, etc. Much more elegant than signal processing.
	www.webservertalk.com /message203784.html (1216 words)

	User space -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		User space -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		An ((computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services) operating system usually segregates the available system memory into kernel space and user space.
		The kernel space is strictly reserved for running the (The choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience) kernel, ((computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device) device drivers and any kernel extensions.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/u/us/user_space.htm (158 words)

	User Space and Services
		Plan layout and flow of user spaces and activities in basement, including service desk and services, public computers and networking, graduate student computer lab, vending, and access to collections (microforms, maps, and materials in compact shelving).
		User spaces should be very inviting and well designed
		User spaces should be useable for individuals and groups
	www.nd.edu /~renovate/advisory/user_services.shtml (185 words)

	Kernel Space and User Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Once you give an interface to users they will start coding to it and once somebody starts coding to it you are stuck with it.
		Worse than that, every program that requests a filename may only have space in a variable for, say, 13 characters, so if you were to pass them a longer filename it would crash them.
		Instead they had to introduce an additional properly-written interface so that they could do what was wise with the stack space.
	www.sindominio.net /biblioweb/telematica/open-sources-html/node88.html (847 words)

	LWN: 64GB on 32-bit systems
		The virtual address space was split into two large pieces: the bottommost 3GB for user-space addresses, and the top 1GB for kernel addresses.
		The portion of the address space given over to user addresses limits the maximum size of any individual process on the system, while the kernel's portion limits the maximum amount of physical memory which can be supported.
		You could switch between user and kernel space and between processes, all with the TLB still warm.
	lwn.net /Articles/39925 (1419 words)

	Space Station User's Guide \| SpaceRef - Space News as it Happens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		NASA is celebrating five years of human space flight on the international space station with special activities over the next two weeks.
		A phantom, which was outside the International Space Station (ISS) for a year and a half, is now inside with the ISS crew.
		Last night’s ISS reboost was aborted when Progress thrusters shut down after only 117 sec. Preliminary indications are that the thrusters fired as commanded, but that a subsequent loss of communication in the thruster system caused the shutdown.
	www.spaceref.com:16080 /iss (600 words)

	Allotting disk space for user records
		It retrieves the values in the user records file to determine the location on the flowline and the current custom variable values when the user quit or Authorware left the file.
		When you distribute packaged files that have Resume selected, be sure to reserve enough space on the user's hard disk for the user records folder.
		The amount of space needed depends on the number of files, the number and contents of custom variables, and the number and type of objects appearing in the Presentation window when the records are saved.
	livedocs.macromedia.com /authorware/7/using_aw_en/04_aut39.htm (149 words)

	linux-security-module 2001/04: Re: A Comment from User Space
		A "simple" cure for this level of problem is to move the NFS daemon into the kernel (and adds a lot of bloat code to the kernel).
		This requires some way for the NFS daemon to query the security module for permission given the users security context (uid/gid list), and possibly more (privileges assigned the user, host the users request is coming from...).
		In this form, the daemon needs the users remote security context, the security labels on/of the tape media, the transports available, to make a query of the security module to determine if a tape should be mounted for the user.
	lists.jammed.com /linux-security-module/2001/04/0337.html (583 words)

	Bug ID: 4650812 Installer should check user's disk space correctly during installation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Considering the size of it, to check the space before installing should be a must.
		Kumar noticed that there is a small window of diskspace (5MB) where the disk space check will pass, but there won't be enough space.
		For the sdk, we accomodate enough space for the sdk's selected components, and for the public jre, if selected, on the windows drive.
	bugs.sun.com /bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4650812 (357 words)

	The Old New Thing : You cannot globally reserve user-mode address space
		Yes, you could decide that "global" address space reservation is available only to administrators, but that wouldn't help a lazy programmer, since the program would not work when run as a non-administrator - you have to write the fallback code anyway.
		Or you could decide that "global" address space reservation applies only to users within the same session with the same security token, but again, you have to write the fallback code anyway if the global reservation fails; you didn't save yourself any work.
		You may not be able to reserve "user mode address space", but you can make a block of globally-addressed non-paged kernel-mode address space read/writable by user-mode applications.
	blogs.msdn.com /oldnewthing/archive/2005/02/15/372995.aspx (5300 words)

	How to use the /userva switch with the /3GB switch to tune the User-mode space to a value between 2 GB and 3 GB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		By decreasing the amount of User-mode space that is typically allocated by the /3GB switch, Windows Server 2003 increases the available kernel memory address space.
		This additional Kernel-mode address space is held in reserve and is used as additional address space for PTEs if the system runs out of free PTE space.
		This address space is not allocated to PTEs until the system runs low on PTE space.
	support.microsoft.com /kb/316739/en-us (779 words)

	User space kernel simulator
		One of these compiles against kernel headers and data structures, the other one compiles against the normal user space headers.
		This split is needed as we need to supply stub functions for a number of things in the kernel, and we also need to hook into stdio so that printk essentially dumps the output to stderr.
		This is the bit that gets really ugly, and a lot of this is because we need to provide a memory manager and scheduler surrogate which will allow the thing to run in user space.
	www.andante.org /sim.html (1468 words)

	Personal Object Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The user should be able to arrange things in a way that works best for them, since they know more about how they work than the artifact's designer does.
		If the user arranges a large set of items, they can better remember where things are than if the items were arranged for them.
		Resulting Context: The artifact should maintain the user's layout between uses, so Remembered State is a natural next step; User Preferences and User's Annotations, other customization patterns, go hand-in-hand with this one.
	www.mit.edu /~jtidwell/language/personal_object_space.html (286 words)

	LWN: Driver porting: Zero-copy user-space access (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Its primary use, perhaps, was to represent zero-copy I/O operations going directly to or from user space.
		If your device modified the user pages, the virtual memory subsystem may not know about it, and may fail to write the pages to permanent storage (or swap).
		But pages mapped from user space should not, normally, be marked reserved in the first place.
	www.sao.ru /hq/sts/linux/doc/porting_to_26/28548.html (764 words)

	Plan 9 from User Space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plan 9 from User Space (aka plan9port) is a port of many Plan 9 libraries and applications to Unix-like operating systems.
		Mk - A tool for building software, analogous to the traditional Unix make utility.
		This page was last modified 04:54, 2 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plan_9_from_User_Space (145 words)

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