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Topic: Userkaf

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	Userkaf - History
		Userkaf was the son of Neferhetepes, a daughter of the 4th Dynasty king Djedefre.
		Userkaf's importance lies in a new type of monument that he built in Abusir, a few kilometres north of Saqqara: a so-called Solar Temple.
		A mound of rubble is all that remains of the pyramid of Userkaf at Saqqara.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /kings/0501_userkaf/history.html (489 words)

	Dynasty 5 - Userkaf, Sahure, Neferirkare, Shepseskare, Neferefre, Niuserre, Djedkare, Unas
		Userkaf, as the originator of the fifth dynasty, clearly felt he should associate himself with one of his great predecessors.
		Userkaf's pyramid complex is notable for the fact that his mortuary temple is separate from the pyramid itself.
		Userkaf was the first pharaoh to build a sun temple.
	www.crystalinks.com /dynasty5.html (3066 words)

	Biblical Archeology, Bible And Archeology
		Userkaf is generally regarded as the first king of the fifth dynasty of Egypt.
		Userkaf's head is made of granite, is more than twice life size and has the trace of a smile on its lips, rather unusual for the Pharaohs, who usually took themselves extremely seriously.
		Userkaf was succeeded by four kings who built their pyramids at Abusir and the last king of this dynasty was Unas, who built his pyramid to the south of the Step Pyramid.
	www.biblicalarcheology.net /DiggingsOnline/Userkaf.html (810 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Old Kingdom : Dynasty 5 : Userkaf
		Userkaf is probably the son of a high priest in Memphis and Neferhetepes (daughter of Djedefre), and he had to marry into the royal family to gain the throne -- his wife, Khentkawes, was the daughter of his predecessor, Shepseskaf.
		Userkaf continued the policy of building pyramids from the fourth Dynasty, although he moved his monuymnet back to Saqqara, where he built a wonderful pyramid -- small, and of poor quality, but used as an offering chapel and moruary temple.
		However, Userkaf is best known for a new type of funereary monumnet -- the Sun Temple, which he built in Abu Sir, north of Saqqara and about 400 m from Sahure's Pyramid.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn05/01userkaf.html (687 words)

	Saqqara, City of the Dead - The Pyramid Complex of Userkaf
		The pyramid complex of Userkaf is located almost exactly at the North-Eastern corner of the 3rd Dynasty complex of Djoser at Saqqara.
		Userkaf's predecessor, Shepseskaf, the last king of the 4th Dynasty, had already chosen to return to Saqqara, but he had his funerary monument built several kilometers to the south of the Djoser complex, after several generations who had prefered the northern sites of Giza and Abu Rawash.
		Userkaf's immediate successors continued Userkaf's move north and had their funerary monuments built at Abusir, a couple of kilometers to the north of Saqqara.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /saqqara/userkaf/index.html (291 words)

	Userkaf
		Userkaf himself, was the grandson of Djedefre (son of Khufu) - his mother, Queen Neferhetep, was Khufu's daughter.
		Userkaf further strengthened his claim to the throne by marrying Khentkawes, daughter of Menkaure.
		Userkaf's temple was built in several successive periods (the 1st phase being the temple being perhaps nothing more than a symbolic mound surrounded with a wall, 2nd phase a granite obelisk added to the top of the mound, a building clad in quartzite and granite replacing the original mound.
	members.tripod.com /~ib205/userkaf.html (731 words)

	Saqqara Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Userkaf, founder of the 5th Dynasty, not only chose to return to Saqqara but also chose to built his funerary complex within the closest possible vicinity to the complex of Djoser, at its northeastern corner.
		The layout of Userkaf’s pyramid complex is also uncharacteristic, with a separate offering chapel along the eastern face of the pyramid and the funerary temple to the south of it.
		Other elements of the complex were a causeway, which entered the enclosure at the southern end of the eastern wall, a small satellite pyramid at the southwestern corner of the enclosure and a queen’s pyramid just outside the enclosure to the south; both pyramids featured internal apartments similar to those of the king’s pyramid.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /Saqqara/Saqqara/Monuments/userkaf.html (429 words)

	The pyramid of Userkaf
		Pharaoh Userkaf, 1st king of the 5th dynasty, ruled Egypt for ~7 years.
		Egyptologist are still debating the reasons why Userkaf, the founder of the Fifth dynasty, would build his pyramid on this particular location, away from the 5th dynasty necropolis of Abusir or his predecessor Shepseskaf in south Saqqara.
		Userkaf wanted to be close the Djoser's step pyramid and this location is probably for political and dynastic reasons.
	egyptphoto.ncf.ca /pyramid%20of%20userkaf.htm (194 words)

	FanStory.com - The Most Beautiful Woman In Egypt by Nicola
		Userkaf, a highly respected architect, loved by the pharaoh, who had made him his personal advisor in the construction of his tomb, temples and his own palaces has acquired many enemies in his life.
		Userkaf seemed to be completely oblivious to their flened eyes, purplish finger traces where a hand had squeezed too hard, small yellowy-green circles on his servants' skin, caused by pinching of Farida's beautiful fingers.
		But Userkaf was his cousin and the dearest of friends and he hoped that whatever companion would be chosen after the death of his first wife, mild-mannered and kind Uadjit, he, Teti would be able to accept her and be accepted in return as a part of the family.
	www.fanstory.com /displaystory.jsp?id=50627 (4799 words)

	Pyramid of Userkaf at Saqqara (Greater Cairo & Surroundings) ... youregypt.com
		Userkaf is the founder of the 5th dynasty.
		It is believed that Userkaf's pyramid once rose to the height of about 49 meters (160 ft) at the time it was built.
		The pyramid has a ruined mortuary temple attached to it with a smaller secondary pyramid to its southwest side and small pyramid for the queen some distance to the south.
	www.youregypt.com /eguide/destinations/greatercairo/surroundings/saqqara/pyramiduserkaf (147 words)

	Userkaf -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Probably descended from Redjedef (third king of the 4th dynasty), Userkaf strengthened his legitimacy by marrying the heiress Khentkaues, who was a descendant of the main branch of the royal family.
		The temple plan, like that built by Userkaf (the first king of the 5th dynasty), consisted of a valley temple, causeway, gate, and temple court, which contained an obelisk (the symbol of Re) and an alabaster altar.
		The first two kings of the 5th dynasty, Userkaf and Sahure, were sons of a lady, Khentkaues, who was a member of the 4th-dynasty royal family.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9074515 (355 words)

	Fifth dynasty of Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manetho writes that these kings ruled from Elephantine, but archeologists have found evidence clearly showing that their palaces were still located at Ineb-hedj ("White Walls").
		How Pharaoh Userkaf founded this dynasty is not known for certain.
		The cult of the god Ra gains added importance, and kings from Userkaf through Menkauhor built temples dedicated to Ra at or near Abusir.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fifth_dynasty_of_Egypt (326 words)

	Early Pharaonic Tales of Naguib Mahfouz
		The main character is Userkaf, a great-grandson of the pharaoh Khufu.
		The first 5th Dynasty pharaoh, Userkaf ruled from 2471 to 2464 B.C., but we know little of him and the story is not in that sense an historical work.
		Userkaf leaves his kingdom for an extended period to test the loyalty of his courtiers, son, and queen; Odysseus is taken away by war, testing the loyalty of the young noblemen (who become suitors), son, and wife.
	www.archaeology.org /online/features/mahfouz (1377 words)

	Egypt: History - Pharaonic Dynasty V (Fifth Dynasty)
		According to the tale, Reddjede's eldest son was foretold to become high-priest of the sun-god Re', the great city known to the Greeks a Heliopolis and now merely a northern suburb of Cairo.
		There is neither confirmation nor likelihood that Userkaf, the first king of the dynasty, ever exercised that office, but certain it is that under him the Heliopolitan priesthood began to wield an unprecedented influence.
		Userkaf's burial-place, unusual in several respects, was found completely ruined and used as both quarry and cemetery in Saite times.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/geoghist/histories/oldcivilization/Egyptology/EgyptHisory/hdyn5.htm (2446 words)

	Egypt: The Sun Temples of the 5th Dynasty (Userkaf and Niuserre)
		The two we do know of are the sun temples of Niuserre and Userkaf, of which that of Niuserre is the best preserved.
		Userkaf's sun temple is actually about half way between Abusir and Niuserre's sun temple, and is generally referred to as being at Abusir.
		Userkaf's complex is not only the oldest of these two, but was the first of any built and was probably the first royal structure built at Abusir.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/suntemples.htm (2123 words)

	Egypt: Userkaf, First Ruler of the 5th Dynasty
		Userkaf, traditionally the first ruler of the 5th Dynasty is, like most of the other kings of the dynasty, not well attested.
		It is interesting to note that Userkaf's funerary cult apparently collapsed at the end of the 5th Dynasty, never to be renewed.
		Userkaf was succeeded by his son (possibly by Khentkaues I), Sahure.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/userkaf.htm (725 words)

	FanStory.com - The Most Beautiful Woman In Egypt-part 2 by Nicola
		Userkaf motioned to the cook to come closer and taste the fruit before any of them bit into it.
		Userkaf himself would choose the piece of meat or a handful of vegetables to be tested, waiting patiently for the cook who prepared the food to eat them, making sure that it was not poisoned.
		As Userkaf took the fruit from her hand and carried it to his mouth, waving dismissal to the cook, she reached for another plum and bit into it with all the eagerness of a mischievous child.
	www.fanstory.com /displaystory.jsp?id=50628 (2175 words)

	Egyptian Journey 2003: Photos: Saqqara: Pyramid of Userkaf
		However, it is a fairly important monument, marking the return of the pharaohs to Saqqara as a burial place.
		Userkaf, the first king of the fifth dynasty, built his pyramid here close to the step pyramid.
		The four pharaohs after Userkaf built their pyramids in Abu Sir, to the south.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/egypt/photos/saqqara/userkaf-01.html (266 words)

	The Most Beautiful Woman In Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Userkaf was kind and generous, sympathetic and loving, possessing all the qualities his young wife lacked.
		Teti followed Userkaf with a heavy heart and upon entering his house, he was so nervous, he believed that at any given moment, he might turn around and flee, never to return.
		It has taken over twenty years for Userkaf to remarry and nobody feigned surprise, when he returned one summer from a long and faraway journey with this beautiful woman on his arm, proud as a peacock and blind to anything but her charms.
	www.nikkie-logan.com /farida.html (4770 words)

	ghurab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The city of Abu Ghurab is located on the western bank of the Nile, in the pyramid fields of the north.
		The two sun-temples that were once standing are the sun-temples of Userkaf and Nyuserre.
		Unfortunately Userkaf’s temple is nothing but a pile of rubble.
	www.uwm.edu /Course/egypt/0100/LOCATS/ghurab.htm (213 words)

	Pharaoh Heaven - General Ancient Egyptian History
		Although he started a new dynasty, Userkaf (c.2498 – 2491) was in fact a grandson of Djedefre.
		This is now seen as being due to the increasing importance of the sun god – in the south, the temple would be bathed in the sun’s rays throughout the day.
		Userkaf was followed by a series of relatively unremarkable kings, Sahure (c.2491 – 2477), Neferirkare (c.2477 – 2467), Shepseskare (c.2467 – 2460), Neferefre (c.2460 – 2453), Niuserre (c.2453 – 2422), Menkauhor (c.2422 – 2414) and Djedkare-Isesi (c.2414 – 2375).
	pharaoh.heavengames.com /egypt/history/genhist/d5.shtml (440 words)

	Userkaf -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Userkaf himself built the first of a series of temples to Re at Abu Sir, somewhat north of modern Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile.
		His pyramid at Saqqarah was smaller than those of the 4th dynasty, perhaps indicating that the Re cult eclipsed some of the pharaoh's preeminence.
		Also, the royal control of administration slackened under Userkaf, with a corresponding growth of importance of provincial personalities, particularly in Upper Egypt.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9074515 (467 words)

	Egyptvoyager.com: Saqqara Pyramid Complex - History
		As location for his tomb, Userkaf chose to stay at Saqqara but returned to the already extensively used northern cemeteries, building his monument at the Northeast corner of Djoser’s old complex.
		Still, Userkaf deviated from the 4th Dynasty standard by building his funerary temple to the South of his pyramid and not to the East.
		Thus the monuments of Sekhemkhet in the Southwest, Unas, Djoser, Userkaf and Teti in the Northeast were built along an almost straight line, with Djoser’s monument in the middle.
	www.egyptvoyager.com /pyramids_early_pyramids_saqqara_history_page3.htm (756 words)

	The Egyptian Museum
		A schist head of a statue of Userkaf found at his sun temple at Abu Ghurab.
		Userkaf was the last king of the 5th dynasty.
		His pyramid, now ruined, is located a few hundred meters from the northeast corner of Djoser's 3rd dynasty step pyramid at Saqqara.
	egyptphoto.ncf.ca /egyptian%20museum3.htm (47 words)

	The Pyramid of Userkaf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Historians say that Userkaf married her to align himself with the royal line.
		Unfortunately, his reign is not well documented, but he built a marvelous pyramid at Saqqara.
		The mortuary temple was located south of the pyramid, unlike other mortuary temples which are mostly situated in the east.
	www.crystalinks.com /pyruserkaf.html (225 words)

	King Userkaf’s Forgiveness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The son admonishes Userkaf for forsaking the kingdom and banishes him to Nubia.
		Userkaf is sent into exile, but eventually raises an army with the support of the governor of Nubia and sets out to reclaim his throne.
		Userkaf spent the rest of his life emotionally removed from the rest of his people.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Article/405637 (710 words)

	Saqqara. Pyramid of Userkaf
		Userkaf was the first pharaoh of the 5th Dynasty and ruled for 8 years from 2494 until 2487 BCE.
		There is little with Userkaf's pyramid to impress visitors.
		But the casing was removed by later house builders, and left was the badly built inside.
	i-cias.com /egypt/saqqara20.htm (171 words)

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