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Topic: Uterine contractions

	Non-Pregnant Uterine Contractions - Reproductive Bioengineerung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Sperm are transported through the uterine fluid towards the ampulla of the fallopian tube where fertilization occurs.
		Uterine wall motility is the result of myometrial contractions that are normally directed from the cervix towards the fundus.
		The myometrium is made of myocytes (smooth muscle cells), which are the fundamental contractile elements that also pass the electrical signals required to coordinate the contractions of the uterine wall.
	www.tau.ac.il /~elad1/reprod-bioeng/non-preg.html (353 words)

	Contraction (childbirth) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In medicine (obstetrics), a contraction is a forceful motion of the uterus, generated by the release of oxytocin ("quick labor") by the pituitary gland, culminating in childbirth.
		When the uterus contracts it often causes pain - ranging from a mild twinge to severe pain.
		This page was last modified 11:46, 21 February 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Contraction_(childbirth) (76 words)

	Electronic Fetal Heart Monitoring
		Electronic fetal heart monitoring is done during pregnancy, labor, and delivery to monitor the heart rate of your baby (fetus) and the strength and duration of the contractions of your uterus.
		Home monitoring of uterine contractions is sometimes done to help determine whether you are at risk for preterm labor and are having early labor contractions (at 20 to 36 weeks of the pregnancy).
		Uterine contractions may be weak or irregular during labor.
	www.webmd.com /hw/being_pregnant/hw214546.asp?printing=true (1965 words)

	Uterine Inertia
		Uterine inertia is a failure of the doe’s expulsive efforts during delivery.
		Contractions of the uterine muscle first lifts the fetus into the pelvic inlet, then abdominal muscle contractions add more force to expel the kids.
		Oxytocin is the pituitary hormone responsible for uterine contractions and the milk let-down response during nursing/miling.
	kinne.net /u-inert.htm (677 words)

	e-University
		Uterine contractions can affect fetal heart rate by increasing or decreasing that rate in association with any given contraction.
		With each contraction, blood flow from the mother to the baby initially ceases as the uterine myometrial veins are compressed.
		As the contraction begins to subside, the uterine myometrial arteries reopen, allowing blood carrying oxygen and nutrients to flow from the mother to the baby, and the uterine myometrial veins reopen, allowing blood carrying fetal waste products to flow from the baby to the mother.
	www.childbirths.com /euniversity/fetalmonitoringetc.htm (1543 words)

	Influence of hormone supplementation to extended semen on artificial insemination, uterine contractions, establishment ...
		The sow was housed in a gestation stall and was not anesthetized.
		from an increase in the duration of uterine contractions.
		in the anterior segment of the uterine horn.
	jas.fass.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/821 (5365 words)

	Uterine contractility, by Dr. Nelson Soucasaux, at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health
		In spite of the fact that the uterine contractility is predominantly commanded by the hormonal and biochemical factors mentioned here, there are indications that the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the uterus may also have a considerable influence upon it.
		Independently of the majority of the uterine contractions being endocrinally and biochemically triggered, the myometrial contractile activity exhibits a very peculiar characteristic that seems to demonstrate the existence of a precise and subtle nervous coordination: it is the "triple descending gradient." This gradient gives the uterine contractility its typical expulsive pattern.
		These uterine contractions are the acme of the neurogenic myotonic reaction that occur in the female genitals during sexual excitement, and happen simultaneously with the widely known contractions of the muscles that surround the vaginal entrance.
	www.mum.org /utercont.htm (1192 words)

	Normal Labour
		Normal labor is defined as uterine contractions that result in progressive dilatation and effacement of the cervix.
		Labor is defined as uterine contractions that result in progressive dilatation and stretching of the cervix.
		Are uterine contractions occurring prior to the onset of labor.
	www.arabicobgyn.net /doc/labour1.htm (2247 words)

	Home Uterine Activity Monitoring (HUAM)
		The home uterine activity monitor (HUAM) is a device intended to provide early detection of preterm labor in women at high risk of developing preterm labor and preterm birth.
		Home uterine activity monitoring, when ordered by an obstetrician to be used as an adjunct in monitoring preterm labor in a very select group of individuals, is considered medically necessary if the medical appropriateness criteria are met.
		Home uterine activity monitoring (HUAM) is considered not medically necessary in the vast majority of instances because the scientific evidence does not demonstrate that the use of HUAM will improve net health outcomes.
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Home_Uterine_Activity_Monitoring.htm (664 words)

	Uterine stimulants Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Uterine stimulants (uterotonics) are medications that cause, or increase the frequency and intensity of, uterine contractions.
		Uterine stimulants are used to induce, or begin, labor in certain circumstances when the mother has not begun labor naturally.
		This is done prior to the onset of labor to evaluate the fetus's ability to handle uterine contractions.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_gGENH/is_/ai_2699003823 (845 words)

	[Clinical Preventive Services] Home Uterine Activity Monitoring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The home tocodynamometer consists of a pressure sensor that is held against the abdomen by a belt and a recording/storage device that is carried by a belt or hung from the shoulder.
		Uterine activity is typically recorded by the patient for 1 hour, twice daily, while performing routine activities.
		External tocodynamometers, whether in the hospital or home, can produce inconsistent wave amplitudes when measuring uterine contractions, depending on the location of the instrument, the tension on the belt, thickness of adipose tissue, and other factors.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /texts/gcps/gcps0050.html (1478 words)

	Matria Healthcare - The Health Enhancement Company
		Labor is the process by which the uterus (womb) contracts or tightens in a regular pattern and causes the cervix (the mouth of the womb) to open and prepare for delivery.
		Your role in early identification of labor is to monitor for uterine contractions and report signs of preterm labor.
		A uterine contraction is the tightening of the muscle within the uterus.
	www.matria.com /ob/services/faq/ptl_faq.html (1887 words)

	Surgical Care at the District Hospital
		Contractions are usually ineffective in achieving progress of labour.
		You may be able to identify disproportion early in some cases: for example, with a hydrocephalic head or a large baby in a woman with an abnormal pelvis because, for instance, of a history of malformation or trauma to the pelvis.
		In most cases, however, disproportion is a diagnosis of exclusion: that is, after you have excluded poor uterine contractions and malpresentations.
	www.steinergraphics.com /surgical/004_11.2.html (758 words)

	Public Health Services (Premature Labor) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It is a condition in which uterine contractions (tightening of the womb) cause the cervix (mouth of the womb) to open earlier than normal.
		Frequent uterine contractions or tightening may cause the cervix to begin to open.
		Uterine contractions that happen every ten minutes or more often for one hour may cause the cervix to open.
	www.co.st-louis.mn.us /publichealth/public_hlth_nursing/phs_pml.htm (518 words)

	Pregnancy Condition Center: How contractions work and feel
		When the time comes for your baby to be born, this muscle will tighten or contract in a rhythmic fashion from top to bottom.
		Effective contractions that signal true labor often start at the top of the uterus and go down, or start in the back and come around to the front.
		Contractions during pregnancy used to be called "false," "practice" or "Braxton-Hicks" contractions and were treated as though they were a normal part of pregnancy.
	www.medformation.com /ac/pregcc.nsf/page/tri2hcwaf (424 words)

	<uterine contractions>
		Currently, uterine contractions are measured one of two ways.
		Using a new technique called Uterine Electromyography, Dr. Cohen, was successful in recording electrical voltage, similar to how an EKG of the heart is performed.
		The study concluded a definite correlation between electrical activity during uterine contractions and what phase of labor a woman is in, something that is near impossible to do with existing methods.
	www.jamaicahospital.org /pages/news_events/releases/uterinecontractions0304.htm (1031 words)

	Uterine contractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Braxton-Hicks contractions are involuntary contractions of the uterus in association with pregnancy.
		If the contractions become more intense, more frequent and regular in time, they may be the beginning of true labor.
		Braxton-Hicks contractions are not associated with pain and are transient, often begin to be felt at about 28 weeks of pregnancy and increase in regularity.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Reference/dictionary/Biologie/U/71.html (57 words)

	Fetal Monitoring and Fetal Heart Rate
		Early Decelerations: The early deceleration begins at the onset of the contraction and ends with the end of the contraction.
		Late Decelerations: Late decelerations are transitory decreases in heart rate caused by uteroplacental insufficiency, a compromised blood flow to the baby that does not deliver the amount of oxygen needed to withstand the stress of labor.
		A late deceleration indicates decreased blood flow during uterine contraction.
	www.childbirths.com /cypress/fetalmonitoringetc.htm (1524 words)

	Electronic Fetal Heart Monitoring
		Thus, with each contraction of any significance, there is initially reduced blood flow to the intervillous space, then a cessastion of blood flow, followed by a gradual resumption of blood flow.
		If contractions are persistently more often than 5 contractions in 10 minutes, this is called "tachysystole." Tachysystole poses a problem for the fetus because it allows very little time for resupply of the fetus with oxygen and removal of waste products.
		After the contraction passes and fresh blood resupplies the intervillous space, the hypoxia, hypercarbia and acidosis is eased and the fetal heart rate returns to normal.
	www.brooksidepress.org /Products/Military_OBGYN/Textbook/LaborandDelivery/electronic_fetal_heart_monitoring.htm (2862 words)

	eMedicine - Normal Labor and Delivery : Article by Yvonne W Cheng, MD, MPH
		Because the external tocometer records only the timing of contractions, an intrauterine pressure catheter can be used to measure the pressures generated during uterine contractions if their strength or adequacy is a concern.
		The frequency and strength of uterine contractions and changes in cervix and in the fetus' station and position should be assessed periodically to evaluate the progression of labor.
		Although the parturient may be encouraged to actively push in concordance with the contractions during the second stage, many women with epidural anesthesia who do not feel the urge to push may allow the fetus to descend passively, with a period of rest before active pushing begins.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3239.htm (5718 words)

	Muscle Contractions
		The uterus is a hollow muscle with a hole at one end, and during labor the contractions of the uterus cause the cervix to dialate.
		As the contractions of the uterus continue, the cervix effaces, lowering the head of the fetus into the birth canal.
		The labor process is divided into three stages, the first being from the moment of the first contractions to full dialation of the cervix (~10cm); the second stage beginning at full dialation and ending with the delivery of the fetus; the third stage, the complete birth of the baby to the delivery of the placenta.
	www.unc.edu /~malloyk (992 words)

	BioMedical Engineering OnLine \| Full text \| Synchronization analysis of the uterine magnetic activity during ...
		Phase synchronization analysis of the uterine electrical or magnetic activity could be used as a tool to quantify the uterine contractions and it may also help us to distinguish between true and false labor.
		One should note that a typical uterine contraction last 45 to 60 seconds [1] and, generally, MMG activity precedes the perceived contraction.
		Average of the of synchronization indices and RMS magnetic fields at the peak of the uterine contraction and at relaxation.
	www.biomedical-engineering-online.com /content/4/1/55 (3994 words)

	Preterm Labor
		Because rupture of the membranes frequently means that delivery is imminent, uterine contractions accompanied by membrane rupture may also be used to establish the diagnosis.
		External monitoring devices, when available, are helpful by providing objective evidence of the character of uterine contractions as well as the condition of the fetus.
		Because uterine, cervical, or urinary tract infections account for 30 to 40% of cases of preterm labor, a specific cause should be sought and treated as appropriate.
	webpages.charter.net /saabrio/OBGYN_Preterm_Labor.htm (653 words)

	Home \| aHealthyme.com
		Causes uterine contractions so should be avoided during pregnancy; in parts of Europe it is given after the birth to prevent blood loss.
		Uterine stimulant traditionally given to encourage contractions during a difficult labor, but rarely used medicinally today.
		Uterine stimulant that may also irritate the fetus in high doses; safe in normal culinary use.
	www.ahealthyme.com /article/bcrefcap/100322983 (1175 words)

	[Dioxin-l] Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Uterus
		As the time of delivery approaches, the uterus becomes highly active with muscular contractions that increase in frequency and intensit= y until the fetus is forced out of the womb.
		However, for reasons that are poorly understood, the regulation o= f uterine contractions appears to be susceptible to interference by certain= environmental contaminants.
		Stimulation of pregnant rat uterine contraction by the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1242 may be mediated by arachidonic acid release through activati= on of phospholipase A2 enzymes.
	lists.essential.org /pipermail/dioxin-l/Week-of-Mon-20000103/000119.html (618 words)

	Home Uterine Activity Monitoring (HUAM)
		The threshold number of uterine contractions signaling the possible onset of PTL is usually 4 to 6 per hour.
		If uterine activity still exceeds threshold or signs and symptoms persist, the patient is instructed to see her physician immediately for a cervical examination.
		Although more contractions were recorded from women who delivered before 35 weeks than from women who delivered at 35 weeks or later, the authors were unable to identify a threshold frequency that effectively identified women who delivered preterm infants.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/maternity/mat04.html (1744 words)

	sex, lies, and uterine fibroids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE, also known as uterine artery embolization UAE) is a procedure performed by an interventional radiologist (IR).
		b) they go ahead and embolize the uterine artery and that's all (the fibroids continue to receive blood from the ovarian artery so the overall amount of "shrinkage" to the fibroids is reduced significantly--or, if the blood is actually flowing to the ovaries from the uterus, they've just shut off its blood supply--instant menopause).
		Discussion of uterine artery embolization as a noninvasive alternative to hysterectomy in the treatment of gynecologic bleeding for pre-menopausal women.
	www.uterinefibroids.com /c_uae.htm (2835 words)

	Normal Labor and Delivery
		Labor consists of regular, frequent, uterine contractions which lead to progressive dilatation of the cervix.
		Braxton-Hicks contractions are uterine contractions occurring prior to the onset of labor.
		While the uterine contractions of labor are usually painful, they are sometimes only mildly painful, particularly in the early stages of labor.
	www.brooksidepress.org /Products/ed2/Enhanced/LaborandDelivery.htm (6008 words)

	Regular contractions during pregnancy
		Regular contractions may indicate that you are experiencing a tightening of the uterine wall called Braxton Hicks contractions or that you are in labor.
		These are episodes of tightening (contraction) of the uterine muscles called Braxton Hicks contractions.
		These normal contractions may be hardly noticeable or may be strong enough to make you stop what you are doing.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/tm6618.asp (564 words)

	MCPC - Unsatisfactory progress of labour
		Fetal distress and third degree moulding together with arrest of dilatation and descent in the active phase of labour in the presence of adequate uterine contractions indicates obstructed labour.
		When contractions become regular and dilatation progresses beyond 4 cm, the woman is said to have been in the latent phase.
		If contractions are inefficient and cephalopelvic disproportion and obstruction have been excluded, the most probable cause of prolonged labour is inadequate uterine activity.
	www.who.int /reproductive-health/impac/Symptoms/Unsatisfactory__progress_labour_S57_S67.html (1359 words)

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