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Topic: Uthman ibn Affan

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	644-56. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The third caliph, Uthman, was murdered in his home in Medina by rebellious Muslim forces from Egypt, whose grievances as early converts concerned the erosion of their pay and prestige.
		Uthman's appointment of members of his own clan of Umayya to top administrative positions had weakened his support among them as well as among troops in Iraq and the Quraysh in Medina.
		In the second phase of the civil war, Ali was challenged by Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the governor of Syria, who sought to avenge the murder of his relative, the third caliph Uthman (both were of the Umayya clan).
	www.bartleby.com /67/288.html (968 words)

	Uthman ibn Affan Biography
		Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayyad clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca a few years after Muhammad.
		According to Islamic tradition Uthman was one of the ten people for whom it was witnessed that they were destined for Paradise; one of the six with whom Muhammad was pleased when he died.
		Uthman was also one of the first men to memorize the Qur'an and he would be instrumental to its compilation after the death of Muhammad.
	www.ebiog.com /biography/154/uthman-ibn-affan/bio.htm (521 words)

	Uthman ibn Affan - Definition, explanation
		Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayyad clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca, a few years after Muhammad.
		According to Islamic tradition, Uthman was one of the ten people for whom it was witnessed that they were destined for Paradise; one of the six with whom Muhammad was pleased when he died.
		Uthman was also one of the first men to memorize the Qur'an and he would be instrumental to its compilation after the death of Muhammad.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/u/ut/uthman_ibn_affan.php (574 words)

	Prophet Wife HAFSA
		Umar asked both Abu Bakr and Uthman ibn Affan, one after another, if they would like to marry her, but they both declined because they knew that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had expressed an interest in marrying her.
		Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) married Ruqayya, then daughter of the Prophet, in Mecca, and then, after her death in Medina, soon after the battle of Badr, he had married Umm Khulthum, also the daughter of the Prophet.
		And Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) had married Fatima, the youngest daughter of the Prophet, shortly before the Prophet had married A'isha.
	anwary-islam.com /women/pwife_hafsa.htm (543 words)

	IslamiCity Forum: Uthman ibn `Affan
		`Uthman was first stabbed in the head with an arrow-head, then a man placed the point of his sword against his belly, whereupon his wife Na’ila tried to prevent him with her hand, losing several fingers.
		'Uthman, God be forever pleased with him, was given the glad tidings of the adversities he had to meet, and his heart was guarded against anxiety or complaints in that regard.
		'Uthman took little for himself, he wore ordinary cloaks, ate plain food, and sought the highest of achievements, and finally, by the mercy of his Lord, he was crowned with the highest of honors.
	www.islamicity.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1358&PN=1 (3070 words)

	Uthman ibn Affan
		Uthman ibn Affan was the third of the "rightly guided" caliphs.
		Uthman was also one of the first men to memorize the Qur'an and he was instrumental in the compilation of the book after the death of Muhammad.
		Perhaps the action which caused the most controversy for Uthman during his reign, however, was his attempt to develop a definitive text of the Qur'an at the expense of all others.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Uthman_Affan.html (331 words)

	Evidence for Tawassul by a Sunni Writer
		It implicitly proves the validity of tawassul through a deceased one as well, since tawassul through a living or dead person is not through a physical body or through a life or death, but rather through the positive meaning (ma`na tayyib) attached to the person in both life and death.
		'Uthman asked, "What do you need?" and the man mentioned what he wanted, and 'Uthman accomplished it for him and then said, "I hadn't remembered your need until just now," adding, "Whenever you need something, just mention it." Then the man departed, met 'Uthman ibn Hunayf, and said to him, "May Allah reward you!
		And the notion that tawassul was permissible only during the lifetime of the person through whom it is done but not after his death is unsupported by any viable foundation from Sacred Law (Rudud 'ala abatil wa rasa'il al- Shaykh Muhammad al-Hamid).
	www.al-islam.org /encyclopedia/chapter6b/6.html (597 words)

	Writer In Islam: `Uthman ibn `Affan : The Man With Two Lights (Part Two)
		When `Uthman came to know about the pledge the Muslims in the camp had taken in his absence, and that the Prophet had taken the pledge on his behalf, he immediately took the pledge in person.
		The moment `Uthman heard this, he outfitted two hundred saddled camels that were to travel to Ash-Sham, and presented them all with 200 ounces of gold as charity.
		This committee comprised `Ali ibn Abi Talib, `Uthman ibn `Affan, `Abdur-Rahman ibn `Awf, Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas, Az-Zubayr ibn Al-`Awam, and Talhah ibn `Ubayd Allah, who were among the most eminent Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and who had received in their lifetime the tidings of Paradise.
	writerinislam.blogspot.com /2005/11/uthman-ibn-affan-man-with-two-lights.html (2045 words)

	Uthman Ibn Affan (644-656) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Uthman Ibn Affan ruled from 644-656 was able to spread the territory controlled by the umma to as far as Tripoli in North Africa and to Iran and Afghanistan.
		Uthman also alienated important powerful members of the umma by refusing to allow them to rule the newly conquered areas.
		Uthman’s appointment of Muawiyyah ibn Abi Sufyan as the governor of Syria angered many of the Muslims of Medina who felt that they were being passed over for promotion and Uthman was practicing nepotism.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/history/trade/utmanibnaffan.htm (137 words)

	Nahj al-Balaghah
		There was some exchange of words between `Uthman ibn `Affan and Amir al-mu'minin when al-Mughirah ibn al-Akhnas [1] said to `Uthman that he would deal with Amir al-mu'minin on his behalf whereupon Amir al-mu'minin said to al-Mughirah:
		[1].al-Mughirah ibn al-Akhnas ath-Thaqafi was among the well-wishers of `Uthman ibn `Affan and the son of his paternal aunt.
		His brother Abu'l Hakam ibn al-Akhnas was killed at the hands of Amir al-mu'minin in the battle of Uhud, because of which he bore malice against Amir al-mu'minin.
	www.al-islam.org /nahj/135.htm (214 words)

	Uthman bin Affan, the man of two lights, his wives were Ruqayyah and Umm Kalthum, the two daughters of the Prophet ...
		Uthman bin Affan, the man of two lights, his wives were Ruqayyah and Umm Kalthum, the two daughters of the Prophet peace be upon him, and the brother-in-law of Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased at him.
		However, Uthman feared affliction, so he prevented the Companions from defending him, and he knew that he would be killed unjustly as the Prophet peace be upon him informed him.
		When Uthman came to power after Umar, he went a long way in al-Ijtihad, and did more than any on his predecessors had done, until his opinions started to affect political and religious life generally, thus leading to the revolution, and he paid with his life as a price for his Ijtihad.
	www.ansar.org /english/Uthman.htm (3646 words)

	Uthman ibn Affan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayyad clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca, a few years after Muhammad.
		According to Islamic tradition, Uthman was one of the ten people for whom it was witnessed that they were destined for Paradise; one of the six with whom Muhammad was pleased when he died.
		Uthman was also one of the first men to memorize the Qur'an and he would be instrumental to its compilation after the death of Muhammad.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Uthman_ibn_Affan.html (575 words)

	Hafsa bint Umar (ra)
		Umar asked both Abu Bakr and Uthman ibn Affan, one after another, if they would like to marry her, but they both declined because they knew that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had expressed an interest in marrying her.
		Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) married Ruqayya, then daughter of the Prophet, in Mecca, and then, after her death in Medina, soon after the battle of Badr, he had married Umm Khulthum, also the daughter of the Prophet.
		And Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) had married Fatima, the youngest daughter of the Prophet, shortly before the Prophet had married A'isha.
	www.weneedtounite.com /hafsa.htm (563 words)

	Uthman ibn Affan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to Islamic tradition, Uthman was one of the ten people for whom it was witnessed that they were destined forParadise; one of the six with whom Muhammad was pleased when he died.
		Uthman was also one of the first men to memorize the Qur'an and he would be instrumental to its compilation after the death ofMuhammad.
		This matter was not helped by the fact that some of the misrule bysome of the governors he appointed, and was worsened by the involvement of some Umayyads in a plot to kill the son of Abu Bakr.
	www.therfcc.org /uthman-ibn-affan-6878.html (504 words)

	In Defense of Tawassul
		This man complained to ‘Uthman Ibn Hunayf about a matter which he needed to be fulfilled through the caliph, but which was not being fulfilled.
		Ahmad Ibn Taymiyyah started this wrong doctrine, and his followers among the Wahhabis made it even more extreme, by claiming that he who asks Allah for things by the Prophet (sall-Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam) after his death or during his absence is doing an act of shirk, i.e., associating partners with Allah.
		However, Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and the scholars who belong to his school all agree that it is permissible to ask Allah for things by the Prophet (sall-Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam)--during his lifetime and after his death.
	www.amislam.com /tawassul.htm (2753 words)

	Islam Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		`Uthman accomplished a lot during his rule; one of his notable accomplishments was the distribution of single-volume copies of the Qur’an to the Muslim provinces.
		`Uthman faced a lot of oppression at the hands of his pagan uncle Al-Hakam ibn Abi Al-`Aas, who was angry with him for leaving their forefathers’ religion.
		Uthman’s marriage to Ruqayyah was a happy union; they both loved each other and led a blissful life.
	www.islamonline.net /english/journey/2005/11/jour03.shtml (1687 words)

	Uthman: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Barrak ibn Ghurair ibn Uthman ibn Masud ibn Rabia of Al Humaid, to...
		Uthman Ibn Fudi(159) was born in Gobir (in northern...
		UTHMAN ooth man or Othman oth, c.574 656, 3d caliph (644 56), also known as Uthman ibn al-Affan; son-in-law of Muhammad.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/uthman.jsp?l=U&p=1 (1395 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Uthman
		One of their clerics, Uthman dan Fodio (1754–1817), had built up a community of scholars at Degel in the Hausa...
		A student of UTHMAN DAN FODIO, Ahmadu participated in Uthman's jihad (or holy war) before settling in the province of Macina (in Mali), where he founded an independent Muslim community.
		Uthman Ray Jr., beloved in life, is memorialized by many friends,
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Uthman (605 words)

	Evidence for Tawassul by a Sunni Writer
		It implicitly proves the validity of tawassul through a deceased one as well, since tawassul through a living or dead person is not through a physical body or through a life or death, but rather through the positive meaning (ma`na tayyib) attached to the person in both life and death.
		'Uthman asked, "What do you need?" and the man mentioned what he wanted, and 'Uthman accomplished it for him and then said, "I hadn't remembered your need until just now," adding, "Whenever you need something, just mention it." Then the man departed, met 'Uthman ibn Hunayf, and said to him, "May Allah reward you!
		And the notion that tawassul was permissible only during the lifetime of the person through whom it is done but not after his death is unsupported by any viable foundation from Sacred Law (Rudud 'ala abatil wa rasa'il al- Shaykh Muhammad al-Hamid).
	al-islam.org /encyclopedia/chapter6b/6.html (597 words)

	Islam Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When `Uthman came to know about the pledge the Muslims in the camp had taken in his absence, and that the Prophet had taken the pledge on his behalf, he immediately took the pledge in person.
		The moment `Uthman heard this, he outfitted two hundred saddled camels that were to travel to Ash-Sham, and presented them all with 200 ounces of gold as charity.
		This committee comprised `Ali ibn Abi Talib, `Uthman ibn `Affan, `Abdur-Rahman ibn `Awf, Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas, Az-Zubayr ibn Al-`Awam, and Talhah ibn `Ubayd Allah, who were among the most eminent Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and who had received in their lifetime the tidings of Paradise.
	www.islamonline.net /english/journey/2005/11/jour04.shtml (1980 words)

	Uthman ibn Affan - MedPort-Lexikon
		Uthman ibn Affan (* 574 in Mekka; † 656 in Medina) war nach Abu Bakr und Umar ibn al-Chattab der dritte "rechtgeleitete" Kalif der Sunniten(644-656).
		Uthman wurde 574 geboren und war ein Schwiegersohn des Propheten Muhammad.
		Nach der Ermordung von Umar ibn al-Chattab (634-644) wurde er in Medina zum neuen Kalifen gewählt.
	www.medport.de /lexikon/index.php/Uthman_ibn_Affan (429 words)

	Uthman Ibn Affan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Uthman Ibn Affan was an honest, mild, generous and very kindly man, well-known especially for his modesty and his piety.
		Uthman (May Allah be pleased with him) provided two hundred camels for the impoverished army of the Muslims complete with saddle blankets and reins.
		During Uthman's rule the Muslim kingdom extended in the west to Morocco, in the east to Afghanistan, and in the north to Armenia and Azerbaijan.
	www.islamonline.com /cgi-bin/news_service/profile_story.asp?service_id=701 (1535 words)

	In Defense of At-Tawassul
		He started repeating the false statement of Ibn Taymiyah that it is not permissible for one to ask Allah for things except by he who is alive and present.
		Ahmad Ibn Taymiyah and his followers among the Wahhabis claim that he who asks Allah for things by the Prophet after his death or during his absence is doing an act of shirk, i.e., associating partners with Allah.
		However, Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and the scholars who belong to his school all agree that it is permissible to ask Allah for things by the Prophet--during his lifetime and after his death.
	www.aicp.org /IslamicInformation/English/InDefenseofAtTawassul.htm (2647 words)

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		Compare these words with those uttered by the Caliph Uthman Ibn Affan in a conversation referenced in historical sources, which took place between him and one of the leaders of those laying the siege on his house in 35 AH.
		Ashtar answered: “three unavoidable things.” Uthman asked: “What are they?” to which came the reply, “they give you the choice between stepping down and letting them select who they want, or to submit yourself to their judgment as they see necessary, and if you refuse to do either, they will kill you.
		Undoubtedly Uthman’s murder and the revolt against him is a complicated matter that resulted in the convergence of an oppositional front where each side had its own demands.
	www.asharqalawsat.com /english/news.asp?section=2&id=7287 (1722 words)

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