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Topic: Utopian and dystopian fiction

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	Science fiction - Wikipedia
		Science fiction proper began, however, toward the end of the 19th century with the scientific romances of Jules Verne, whose science was rather on the level of invention, as well as the science-oriented novels of social criticism by H.G. Wells.
		Science fiction writers' work have included predictions of future societies on Earth, analyses of the consequences of interstellar travel, and imaginative explorations of other forms of intelligent life and their societies in other worlds.
		Science fiction has also been popular in radio, comic books, television, and movies; it is notable that about three-quarters of the top twenty highest grossing films, (source: IMDB June 2002) are based around science-fiction or fantasy themes.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /sc/Science_fiction.html (759 words)

	Raymond Williams- Utopia and Science Fiction
		In other cases they are latently utopian or dystopian, in the measure of degrees of connection with, extrapolation from, known or imaginable human and social elements.
		Indeed the variability of the utopian situation, the utopian impulse, and the utopian result is crucial to the understanding of utopian fiction.
		The utopian mode has to be read, always, within that changing context, which itself determines whether its defining subjunctive tense is part of a grammar which includes a true indicative and a true future, or whether it has seized every paradigm and become exclusive, in assent and dissent alike.
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/backissues/16/williams16art.htm (4909 words)

	Utopian and dystopian fiction - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Utopian fiction is the creation of an ideal world as the setting for a novel.
		Dystopian fiction is the opposite: creation of a nightmare world.
		Both are commonly found in science fiction novels and stories.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction (277 words)

	M. Keith Booker- Woman on the Edge of a Genre: The Feminist Dystopias of Marge Piercy
		The specific content of her utopian and dystopian visions directly confronts a number of masculine stereotypes (most specifically the science fiction of Gibson), and her deft use of the genres of dystopian fiction and science fiction contests traditionally masculine territory much in the way Haraway suggests marginal groups should contest the control of technology.
		But her dystopian fictions claim a place for feminist statement in that traditionally male genre as well, demonstrating that utopian and dystopian visions need not be incompatible.
		The recent feminist appropriation of dystopian fiction indicates that the genre is extremely flexible as a mode of social commentary.
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/backissues/64/booker.htm (6882 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Whereas a utopian society is founded on perfectionism and fullfilment, a dystopian society's dreams of improvement are overshadowed by stimulating fears of the 'ugly consequences of present-day behavior'.
		Utopian politics are often considered as idealistic in practice towards the society in which they are dictated and enacted.
		Because a fictional universe has to be constructed, a selectively-told back story of a war, revolution, uprising, critical overpopulation, or other disaster is often introduced early in the narrative.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Dystopia (3534 words)

	ipedia.com: Science fiction Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Soft science fiction is the subgenre where plots and themes tend to focus on philosophy, psychology, politics and sociology while de-emphasizing the details of technological hardware and physical laws.
		The European brand of science fiction proper began, however, toward the end of the 19th century with the scientific romances of Jules Verne, whose science was rather on the level of invention, as well as the science-oriented novels of social criticism by H.G. Wells.
		Science fiction became international, extending into the then Soviet Union and other eastern European nations, where it was frequently used as a vehicle for political commentary that could not be safely published in other forms.
	www.ipedia.com /science_fiction_1.html (1944 words)

	Utopia 2007 Conference: Abstracts I
		The asylum represents one 'utopian' vision, that of 'refuge' for the mad, whilst the gated enclave represents a different 'utopian' vision, that of 'refuge' from the defiled city.
		Utopian (and dystopian) fiction has evident appeal to writers and readers in a period of significant reflection on fundamental features of social organisation.
		Though he provides an ample analysis of utopian characteristics in feminist theory, he does not provide a specific understanding of the impact of utopian theory on radical feminism, and of radical feminism on a new and evolving concept of utopia.
	www.utopia2007.org.uk /abstracts1.html (5124 words)

	Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 and the Dystopian Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In science fiction, the dystopia became immensely popular during the 1950's as writers protested against what they saw as the overwhelming tide of conformity and cultural emptiness typified by mass-market television and other powerful forces in the postwar world.
		The Internet is notoriously the greatest innovation that science fiction failed to anticipate, and it is far more anarchic, individualized, and unregulated than the mass media which preceded it and which shaped the nightmares of earlier dystopian writers.
		One way to view his fiction is to think of the usual gender relations being replaced by the relations between macho, brutal stupid males and sensitive, intelligent males.
	www.wsu.edu:8001 /~brians/science_fiction/451.htm (4058 words)

	Utopian and dystopian fiction Summary
		Some dreams have led to the study of nature and humans, from the deep mysteries of the atom and the gene, to the even deeper challenges of individu...
		Utopian fiction is the creation of an ideal world as the setting for a novel.
		Dystopian fiction is the opposite: creation of a nightmare world, sometimes also described as "the victory of forces of reason over forces of kindness".
	www.bookrags.com /Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction (139 words)

	Dystopian Fiction East and West : Table of Contents and Introduction
		The correspondence between religious and secular concepts in dystopian fiction is still so strongly felt that, if we examine Nineteen Eighty-four closely as the prototype of the genre, twentieth-century dystopian fiction reveals the underlying structure of a morality play.
		Therefore, before we are to arrive at a comprehensive delineation of the salient characteristics of dystopian fiction as a genre, maybe we should also define the characteristics of a society that is dystopic.
		At these various junctures in history the leftist intelligentsia in the West was confronted with the disheartening fact that the Messianic promise of the age-old utopian dream of socialism as a cure for the clearly obvious pathologies of capitalism had merely led to new pathologies in the form of the virulent psychoses of totalitarian dictatorship.
	www.mqup.mcgill.ca /extra.php?id=23 (1415 words)

	Utopia
		Although some authors have described their utopias in detail, and with an effort to show a level of practicality, the term "utopia" has come to be applied to notions that are (supposedly) too optimistic and idealistic for practical application.
		Utopian fiction is the creation of an ideal world as the setting for a novel.
		Dystopian fiction is the opposite: creation of a nightmare world.
	www.jahsonic.com /Utopia.html (281 words)

	Dystopian visions are real film noir
		It is a computer-created construct, and the real people live out their lives in pods, serving as glorified batteries to provide energy for the advanced computer beings that control things.
		"Gattaca": The most realistic dystopian movie I've seen, "Gattaca" is a slow-paced character drama in which a man born naturally rather than in a genetically engineered test tube seeks to excel in a world where his kind are relegated to lowly tasks.
		Some other dystopian movies worth watching: "Running Man," "Clockwork Orange," "Demolition Man," "Fahrenheit 451," "1984," "The Truman Show," "THX 1138," "Metropolis" and "Soylent Green." Go to the video store and rent them, unless of course a nuclear holocaust, intelligent but surly computers, futuristic androids, evil aliens or nasty government officials get to you first.
	www.lewrockwell.com /ocregister/filmnoir.html (1183 words)

	Amy England
		One area in which feminist science fiction writers have particularly flourished is in feminist speculative fiction, a genre that blurs the boundaries between hard science fiction and fantasy.
		Marleen Barr, one of the foremost critics of feminist speculative fiction, suggests that the way to gain acceptance from the canon is to distance feminist speculative fiction from its science fiction roots by focusing instead on its postmodern aspects.
		All of these issues are more commonly dealt with in utopian fictions like the ones listed earlier, yet these planets are no utopias; therefore, their realities are closer to our own and at times more accessible to the reader.
	www.louisville.edu /a-s/english/babo/england/691finalpaper.htm (2530 words)

	Dystopian
		"Dystopian" is a common misspelling or typo for: distain, dustpan.
		Dystopian Fiction East and West: Universe of Terror and Trial (reference)
		"Dystopian" is used about 2 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/dy/dystopian.html (394 words)

	Fabi/Passing and the Rise of the African American Novel. Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And because the utopian novel was popular at the turn of the century, it is also hard to believe that African American authors would not have engaged with this genre, notably because it had become an important playground for the racialist, eugenicist, and segregationist discourse of white writers.
		The uses of fiction to create "alternative worlds" (Peterson, "Capitalism" 563) were already clear to African American authors of the antebellum period, but utopian fiction as a genre sanctioned the political import of imagining alternative societies.
		It is a utopian vision of empowerment that implies a complex notion of self-assertion and self-determination that moves beyond retributive and suicidal retaliation.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /epub/books/fabi/ch2.html (11763 words)

	Postgraduate - SCHOOL OF ENGLISH - University of Liverpool
		Feminist Science Fiction has found the tropes and literary conventions of utopian and dystopian fiction useful as the means to envisage post-patriarchal possibilities or warn against sexist ideologies.
		During the course of the module, a selected range of utopian and dystopian writing from the late nineteenth century to the present day will be studied.
		This module will provide you with further knowledge of Science Fiction and the historical and cultural contexts in which the literature is grounded; in particular, the range of utopian and political texts within the literature.
	www.liv.ac.uk /University/arts_ses/english/ma_courses/post_ma_sf_mod612.htm (247 words)

	High Browse Online: past\|present\|future\|tense: Utopian and Dystopian Literature
		The concept of dystopia, however, is not a direct opposite of utopia, but rather a parody or subversion of the traditional utopian model as a means of satirizing and warning against some of the more alarming trends in contemporary society.
		In utopian fiction, the author imagines or projects a society that he/she deems better than the one he/she is experiencing.
		Dystopian fiction, on the other hand, often depicts scenarios where attempts to improve societies go horribly wrong, due to the failings of human nature.
	dl.nlb.gov.sg /highbrowseonline/2005/11/pastpresentfuturetense_utopian_1.html (1341 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Utopian and dystopian fiction
		Utopian fiction is the creation of a ideal world as the setting for a novel.
		For examples of dystopias, see George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, any of William Gibson's novels.
		A subgenre of this is ecotopian fiction[?], where the author posits either a utopian or dystopian world revolving around environmental conservation or destruction.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ut/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction (205 words)

	Kenan Malik's essay on utopian and dystopian views of biotecnology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Utopians look to science to solve the world's problems - to eliminate hunger, eradicate disease and improve the human species by enhancing our intelligence and personalities.
		Dystopians, on the other hand, warn darkly that scientific advances threaten to transform human nature, undermine human dignity and usher in a new era of eugenics.
		The trouble with both arguments is that that they're as plausible as the plot of Terminator 3 - and as considered as Arnie's political convictions.
	www.kenanmalik.com /essays/biotechnology.html (614 words)

	Meet the Dystopians
		A dystopian is a person who not only believes that perfection on Earth is unattainable, but that the exact opposite, a controlling force that will ruin civilization is at hand, pulling strings, destroying what is good in society.
		Dystopians have received their direction through the last century or so from a handful of fiction writers that described in great detail future civilizations that were indeed negative Utopias'.
		Dystopians largely follow George Orwell, and in fact are also called Orwellian, after the book that Orwell wrote called 1984, wherein a master society was led through life by a mysterious government force known as big brother that always watched and controlled its citizens.
	www.syl.com /astrology/meetthedystopians.html (640 words)

	Utopias, Dytopias and The Giver (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They exist in a circular relationship with dystopian visions because the control and exclusions that are necessary to maintain perfection in the utopia inevitably lead to the repressive social control that characterizes the dystopic world.
		Utopian and dystopian fiction is often structured implicitly or explicitly by tensions between conflicting definitions of the “human.” For instance, in The Giver, the utopian vision of the “human” as that which, through technology and social organization, can transcend the unstable mortality of animals comes to be seen as
		Dystopian worlds are imaginary worlds structured around an illusion of perfection.
	www.suu.edu /faculty/calland/ya06Utopias.html (670 words)

	UC RIVERSIDE SCIENCE FICTION TROVE WINNING LITERARY WAR OF THE WORLDS / Freelance Writing . com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		UC Riverside’s J. Lloyd Eaton Science Fiction Collection is the largest in the world, and the most useful to scholars of any in the nation, according to the latest edition one of the field’s most authoritative reference works.
		The collection embraces every branch of science fiction, plus fantasy and horror, the reference says, and boasts the largest holdings of 17th- to 19th-century utopian and dystopian fiction in North America.
		The science fiction of popular culture -- movies like Spielberg’s version of “War of the Worlds” and TV shows like “Star Trek” -- owes an enormous debt to the written science fiction that makes up the bulk of the collection, Slusser said.
	www.freelancewriting.com /commentary/news-072505-03.html (570 words)

	Exploring Dystopia: Dystopian timeline
		This is an attempt to pin-point importent landmarks and possible influences in dystopian fiction.
		However, the elaborate or modern dystopian depiction was born in the late 18th century.
		Second, many dystopian themes and concepts often appear briefly in early science fiction works; the focus of this timeline is major works.
	hem.passagen.se /replikant/dystopia_timeline.htm (3567 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Science fiction
		Horror fiction is the literature of the unnatural and supernatural, with the aim of unsettling or frightening the reader, sometimes with graphic violence.
		As a means of understanding the world through speculation and storytelling, science fiction has antecedents back to mythology, though precursors to science fiction as literature began to emerge during the Age of Reason with the development of science itself.
		The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) was founded by Damon Knight in 1965 as a non-profit organization to serve the community of professional science fiction authors.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Science_fiction (4242 words)

	Utopian and dystopian fiction - TheBestLinks.com - Utopian/Dystopian Fiction, Animal Farm, Aldous Huxley, B.F. Skinner, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Utopian and dystopian fiction - TheBestLinks.com - Utopian/Dystopian Fiction, Animal Farm, Aldous Huxley, B.F. Skinner,...
		Utopian/Dystopian Fiction, Utopian and dystopian fiction, Animal Farm, Aldous...
		For examples of dystopias, see two of George Orwell's books, Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm, as well as Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, Kurt Vonnegut's Harrison Bergeron, Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, and William Gibson's cyberpunk novels.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Utopian__2F__Dystopian_Fiction.html (286 words)

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