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Topic: Utraquist

	Prague History - Hussite wars
		At the decisive battle of Lipany (1434) the Taborites were routed and Procopius was killed.
		On the death (1439) of Sigismund's successor, Albert II, the Utraquist leader George of Podebrad governed Bohemia first in the name of Ladislaus V and from 1458 as king.
		He refused to accept the papal revocation (1462) of the Compactata and was declared deposed in 1466.
	www.hotelpraguecity.com /fotky/husiti.html (941 words)

	Hussites
		Utraquist, preachers; a league of Catholic lords was formed on 1 October; it consisted mostly of the southern and northern gentry accessible to German influence.
		The University of Prague was heavily Utraquist; the council, therefore, towards the end of 1416, suspended all its privileges and forbade, under excommunication, all further academical proceedings.
		The Utraquist magistrates imposed their whole will on the town and the university; riots and deeds of violence occurred everywhere the wealthy monasteries were the first and greatest sufferers.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/h/hussites.html (4924 words)

	Jan Žižka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Žižka, as leader of the Taborites, defeated the men of Prague and the Utraquist nobles at Hořice on April 20, but shortly afterwards the news that a new crusade against Bohemia was being prepared, induced the Hussites to conclude an armistice at Konopiště on June 24, 1425.
		He acceded to the demand and defeated the Utraquists under Bořek at the farm of Strachov, near the city of Hradec Králové (August 4, 1423).
		In September he marched on Prague, but on the 14th of that month peace was concluded between the Hussite parties through the influence of John of Rokycany, afterwards Utraquist archbishop of Prague.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jan_Zizka (1153 words)

	hussite wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This doctrine became the watchword of the moderate Hussites known as the Utraquists or Calixtines (from the Latin calix (the chalice), in Czech: kalich); while the more extreme Hussites soon became known as the Taborites, from the city of Tabor that became their centre.
		The Utraquist creed, frequently varying in its details, continued to be that of the established church of Bohemia till all non-Roman religious services were prohibited shortly after the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620.
		After the beginning of the German Reformation many Utraquists adopted to a large extent the doctrines of Martin Luther and of John Calvin; and in 1567 obtained the repeal of the compacts, which no longer seemed sufficiently far-reaching.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Hussite_Wars.html (2404 words)

	Utraquist -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Unlike the militant Taborites (also followers of Hus), the Utraquists were moderates and maintained amicable relations with the Roman Catholic Church.
		Protestant doctrinal statement formulated in Bohemia by the Czech Utraquists (moderate Hussites) in 1575 and subscribed to by the Unitas Fratrum, Lutherans, and Calvinists in the kingdom.
		The document was based on the Augsburg Confession, and it upheld the Lutheran position on justification and the Calvinist interpretation of the Eucharist.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9074565?tocId=9074565 (335 words)

	Communion under Both Kinds
		Now the Utraquist interpretation would suppose that in verse 54 Christ meant to emphasize the distinction between the mode of reception "by eating" and the mode of reception "by drinking", and to include both modes distinctly in the precept He imposes.
		In I Cor., xi, 28, to which Utraquists sometimes appeal, St. Paul is concerned with the preparation required for a worthy reception of the Eucharist.
		From the verse immediately preceding (27) a difficulty might be raised against the dogmatic presuppositions of the great majority of Utraquists, and an argument advanced in proof of the Catholic doctrine of the integral presence and reception of Christ under either species.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/communion_under_both_kinds.html (3475 words)

	ZOBEIR RABAMA - LoveToKnow Article on ZOBEIR RABAMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He acceded to the demand and defeated the Utraquists under Borek at the farm of Strachov, near the city of Kralove Hradec (August 4, 1423).
		Though this Hungarian campaign was unsuccessful owing to the great superiority of the Hungarians, it ranks among the greatest military exploits of Zizka., on account of the skill he displayed in retreat.
		In 1424, civil war having again broken out in Bohemia, Zizka decisively defeated the Praguers and Utraquist nobles at Skalic on the 6th of January, and at Malesov on the 7th of June.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Z/ZO/ZOBEIR_RABAMA.htm (2354 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Anton Brus
		The archbishop was ably assisted in his endeavours by the imperial delegate from Hungary, Bishop George Draskovich of Funfkirchen (Pécs), and by Baumgärtner, the delegate of Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria.
		The Utraquist consistory was ready to present its sacerdotal candidates to the archbishop for ordination, but there his authority was to end.
		The Utraquists no longer heeded the archbishop's commands, continued to administer the Holy Eucharist to infants, disregarded many decrees of the Council of Trent, neglected sacramental confession--in a word, were steering straight towards Protestantism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03020a.htm (727 words)

	Johns Hopkins University Press \| Books \| Finding the Middle Way
		Sometimes called "Hussitist" (a usage David attacks for exaggerating Hus’s role; "Utraquist" is the Latinized form of the Czech name it adherents used) this Bohemian church administered its institutions and educated and managed its clergy independently of Rome for the next two hundred years.
		At the same time, the Utraquists pursued their orthodoxy by disputation rather than hurling anathemas and lived alongside Lutherans, the Unity of Brethren, and others.
		Ultimately the Utraquist church was reabsorbed into Roman Catholicism and its special features repressed in the Counter-Reformation.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/title_pages/1584.html (472 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Hussite Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This doctrine became the watchword of the moderate Hussites known as the Utraquists or Calixtines, from the Latin calix (the chalice), in Czech kališníci (from kalich); while the more extreme Hussites soon became known as the Orphans (sirotci) or Taborites (táborité), from the city of Tábor that became their centre.
		After his departure civil war broke out, the Taborites opposing in arms the more moderate Utraquists, who at this period are also called by the chroniclers the "Praguers", as Prague was their principal stronghold.
		On 30 May of that year the Taborite army, led by Prokop the Great and Prokop the Lesser, who both fell in the battle, was totally defeated and almost annihilated at Lipany.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Hussite_Wars (3146 words)

	The Adamites
		First there were the Utraquists, a name derived from the Latin word for ‘both’, signifying the use of both the bread and the wine at communion.
		Attempts at suppressing the Utraquist Hussites provoked the rise of the more radical Taborites who founded a community called Tabor (which may still be found on maps today) named after a place in the Bible.
		The Utraquists won out in this conflict and as moderates, were soon accommodated by the authorities, merging with other pre-Protestant groups to form Unitus Fratrum, a predecessor of the still extanct Moravian Bretheren.
	www.angelfire.com /weird2/obscure2/adam.html (1339 words)

	Hussites
		Between 1419 and 1420 leaders of the Utraquists attempted, in secret, to negotiate with the Emperor Sigismund but his refusal to compromise led to their support for armed rebellion.
		The Orebite faction appeared in 1423 when Jan Zizka led a splinter group away from the Taborites, their beliefs were mid way between the Utraquists and Taborites.
		The campaign was concluded on the death of Jan Zizka and Prague fell under the control of the main Utraquist party when the Orebites retreated to Taborite territory.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Hussites.htm (1746 words)

	M:\Offices\mqr\july2005\6rothkegel.HTM
		On the basis of the words of institution and John 6:53, communion in both kinds was understood by many Utraquists as the prerequisite for salvation, whereas communion in one kind, or the sacrament of baptism when not followed by communion, was regarded as insufficient.
		In 1546, he is mentioned respectfully as a leader of a group of reform-minded Utraquist priests in the correspondence between Heinrich Bullinger and the Zwinglian preacher Leonhard Sorin (who had to leave the Znaim [Znojmo] in 1546, moved to Ulm and later became preacher in Basel).
		On the contrary, the traditional practice (of the Catholics and the conservative Utraquists) is useless, childish and blasphemic.
	www.goshen.edu /mqr/pastissues/july05rothkegel.html (9307 words)

	Czech Republic - Hussite Movement
		A Utraquist delegation to the Council of Basel in 1433 had negotiated a seeming reconciliation with the Catholic Church.
		The Council's Compact of Basel accepted the basic tenets of Hussitism expressed in the Four Articles of Prague: communion under both kinds; free preaching of the Gospels; expropriation of church land; and exposure and punishment of public sinners.
		George installed a Utraquist, John of Rokycan, as archbishop of Prague and succeeded in uniting the more radical Taborites with the Czech Reformed Church.
	countrystudies.us /czech-republic/7.htm (1159 words)

	Radio Prague: From the Archives
		The ruling king was maybe an Utraquist himself, but he was also afraid that the Pope in Rome might launch another crusade against the heretic Czechs.
		The brothers were allowed to go on with their religious mission and they founded some 50 communities across the nation in the first ten years of the Union's existence.
		As the old Utraquist church began to lose its influence, many have turned to the Union for a new religious haven.
	archiv.radio.cz /english/archive/30-4-97.html (1148 words)

	WHKLMA : Reformation : History of the Utraquists
		Negotiations were held, on the return of church property confiscated by the Utraquists; in 1461, King Georg Podiebrad, under the influence of Bishop Rokyzana, swore an oath on Utraquism and on the defense of the Compactates.
		In a 1524 synod, the Utraquist church adopted many points of Lutheranism (two sacraments : baptism, communion; bible as main source; avolition of the mass).
		In 1539 JAN VON PERNSTEIN, in a memorandum, demanded of King Ferdinand politicak freedom of the Utraquist church; King Ferdinand however strove to reunite the Utraquists with the Catholic church (1549-1562).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/reformation/utraquists.html (475 words)

	hussite wars
		On 27 April 1423, Zizka now again leading, the Taborites defeated at Horic the Utraquist army under Cenek of Wartemberg; shortly afterwards an armistice was concluded at Konopilt.
		On 30 May of that year the Taborite army, led by Prokop the Great and Prokop the Less, who both fell in the battle, was totally defeated and almost annihilated at Lipan.
		The Bohemian brethren, whose intellectual originator was Petr Chelcicky, but whose actual founders were Brother Gregory, a nephew of Archbishop Rokycan, and Michael, curate of Zamberk, to a certain extent continued the Taborite traditions, and in the 15th and 16th centuries included most of the strongest opponents of Rome in Bohemia.
	www.fact-library.com /hussite_wars.html (2339 words)

	Woodrow Wilson Center Press @ the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
		Sometimes called "Hussitist" (a usage David attacks for exaggerating Hus's role; "Utraquist" is the Latinized form of the Czech name its adherents used) this Bohemian church administered its institutions and educated and managed its clergy independently of Rome for the next two hundred years.
		Bohuslav Bílejovský and the Geography of Utraquist Ecclesiology
		Orthodoxy and Toleration: The Utraquists and the Lutherans, 1575-1609
	www.wilsoncenter.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=wwcp.title&book_id=33751 (518 words)

	[No title]
		He was brought up in the Utraquist Faith; he took the sacrament every Sunday in the famous old Thein Church; and there he heard the preacher declare that the priests in Prague cared for nothing but comfort, and that the average Christians of the day were no better than crack-brained heathen sprinkled with holy water.
		And so, by the advice of Utraquist priests, this ardent young man joined the ranks of the Brethren, was probably trained in the Brethren's House at Jungbunzlau, and was soon ordained as a minister.
		At Leitmeritz the Catholics and old-fashioned Utraquists mustered to fight for the King; and at Prague the Protestant nobles met to defend the cause of religious liberty.
	www.studylight.org /his/ad/mch/view.cgi?book=1&chapter=8 (2687 words)

	Czech Renaissance Literature and Humanism
		The Utraquist Prague University remained decayed, small and conservative until the early 1500s, infertile ground for the new scholarship; earlier humanist writing, Latin and Czech, was cultivated in private circles.
		The one-time friend of Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic, but a Utraquist adherent, Viktorin Kornel ze Všehrd (1460-1520) turned away from Latin to Czech, praising it as potential equal of the classical tongues.
		An outstanding lawyer, his views on the need for vernacular literature and translations are expounded in a well-known preface to a Czech translation from John Chrysostom.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~tayl0010/lit_renais.htm (1716 words)

	Utraquist -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In 1434 the Utraquists joined Catholic Czech forces to defeat the Taborites at the Battle of Lipany.
		When, however, the Utraquists developed into an independent church, Rome withheld approval, even though Roman bishops officiated at Utraquist ordinations to the priesthood.
		The Utraquists, together with all other Protestant sects, were outlawed in Bohemia after the Battle of White Mountain in 1620.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9074565 (422 words)

	Hussites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At first he was associated with the moderate (Utraquist, or Calixtine) faction of the Hussites, and he tried to reconcile the feuding factions within the movement.
		After the death of John Zizka, Procopius took his place as commander of the armies defending Bohemia against the invading forces sent by the pope and the Holy Roman emperor Sigismund to reimpose orthodox Catholicism.
		When Utraquist and Catholic nobles joined together in 1434 in support of Sigismund's claims to Bohemia, Procopius returned to lead the antifeudal Taborite forces at the Battle of Lipany, but they were defeated and he was killed on the battlefield.
	yomee.com /10/Christianity/Protestant/DH_Husi.htm (241 words)

	[No title]
		They were the aristocrats of the movement; they were led by the University dons; they were political rather than religious in their aims; they regarded Hus as a patriot; and, on the whole, they did not care much for moral and spiritual reforms.
		All in Bohemia who refused to join the Utraquist or Roman Catholic Church were to be expelled from the country; all nobles harbouring Brethren were to be fined, and all their priests and teachers were to be imprisoned.
		For a while the Utraquist priests themselves, like Rockycana of yore, thundered in a hundred pulpits against the Church of Rome; and Luther, taking the keenest interest in the growing movement, wrote a letter to the Bohemian Diet, and urged the ecclesiastical leaders in Prague to break the last fetters that bound them to Rome.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext00/hotmc10.txt (20469 words)

	Hutton's History of the Moravian Church: Book I Chapter 8
		He was brought up in the Utraquist Faith; he took the sacrament every Sunday in the famous old Thein Church; and there he heard the preacher declare that the priests in Prague cared for nothing but comfort, and that the average Christians of the day were no better than crack-brained heathen sprinkled with holy water.
		And so, by the advice of Utraquist priests, this ardent young man joined the ranks of the Brethren, was probably trained in the Brethren's House at Jungbunzlau, and was soon ordained as a minister.
		At Leitmeritz the Catholics and old-fashioned Utraquists mustered to fight for the King; and at Prague the Protestant nobles met to defend the cause of religious liberty.
	www.everydaycounselor.com /hutton/i8.htm (2668 words)

	History of the Moravian Church - Chapter XI
		He had been a Utraquist in his youth; the Brethren were Utraquists under another name; and all that Augusta had to do was to give himself his proper name, and his dungeon door would fly open.
		The Utraquists celebrated the communion in both kinds; the Brethren celebrated the communion in both kinds; therefore the Brethren were Utraquists.42 At first Augusta himself appeared to be caught.
		Instead of the Brethren joining the Utraquists, it was, said Augusta, the plain duty of the Utraquists to break from the Church of Rome and join the Brethren.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/relg/historygeography/HistoryoftheMoravianChurch/chap11.html (2990 words)

	MORAVIAN BRETHREN - LoveToKnow Article on MORAVIAN BRETHREN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		But with this result some of Husss followers, who wished to preserve his spiritual teaching, were not content.
		They laid great stress on purity of morals; and convinced that the Utraquist Church was morally corrupt, they founded a number of independent societies, first at Kremsir and Meseritsch in Moravia, and then at Wilenow, Diwischau and Chelcic in Bohemia.
		At this crisis Peter of Chelcic became the leader of the advanced reforming party.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MO/MORAVIAN_BRETHREN.htm (960 words)

	Hussites Uprising/czech History/religious Radicals - Zack de la Rocha Network Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Taborites, who took their name from the city of Tábor, their stronghold in southern Bohemia, rejected church doctrine and upheld the Bible as the sole authority in all matters of belief.
		The more moderate followers of Hus, the Utraquists, took their name from the Latin sub utraque specie, meaning "under each kind." A more radical sect soon formed--the Taborite sect.
		They might be the Utraquists and Taborites that are mentioned in the article, cause Taborite sounds like one of them.
	www.zdlr.net /board/index.php?showtopic=12134 (3819 words)

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