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Topic: Uvular

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	Uvular consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants.
		The voiceless uvular plosive is transcribed as [q] in both the IPA and SAMPA.
		The voiceless uvular fricative [χ] is similar to the voiceless velar fricative [x], except that it is articulated on the uvula.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uvular (455 words)

	Australia Immigration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The uvular R is common in northern Europe, and is the usual form of the consonant R in most of what is now France, Belgium, Netherlands, northern Germany and Denmark.
		In the Netherlands, uvular R is the dominant R-sound in the southern provinces of Noord-Brabant and Limburg.
		Uvular R is common, but not dominant, in the western agglomeration Randstad, including cities like Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht (the dialect of Amsterdam usually has an alveolar R though).
	australiaimmigration.com /index.php?title=Uvular_R (1373 words)

	Uvular consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uvular consonants are found in many African and Middle-Eastern languages, most notably Arabic, and in Native American languages.
		Two uvular R's are found in north-western Europe, where they spread from northern French.
		See Uvular R for more examples of uvular sounds represented by .
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uvular_plosive (455 words)

	Quincke's disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Upon examination of the throat, the uvula is swollen, pale, and somewhat translucent (uvular hydrops).
		There might be an associated rash or a history of exposure to phsical stimuli, allergens, or a recurrent seasonal indicence.
		Uvular decompression may be useful in patients that are resistant to medical therapy or whose symptoms progress rapidly.
	www.ncemi.org /cse/cse0412.htm (816 words)

	VOICED UVULAR FRICATIVE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The voiced uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
		Because the IPA symbol stands for both the uvular fricative and the uvular approximant, the fricative nature of this sound may be specified by adding the uptack to the letter,.
		The airstream_mechanism is pulmonic_egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /Voiced_uvular_fricative (289 words)

	Articles - Guttural R (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These consonants are usually found as a uvular R, but can also be realized as a velar R, a pharyngeal R or a glottal R.
		Outside of these uvular R core areas, alveolar trill is common.
		In many varieties, both with uvular R and with alveolar R, R is often vocalized at the ends of syllables.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Guttural_R?mySession=01eeda1d8ffccbc5e700da65cfaba748 (1509 words)

	Dysfunctional Mechanical Coupling of Upper Airway Tissues in Sleep Apnea Syndrome -- SÉRIÈS et al. 159 ...
		Uvular tissue was resected during conventional UPPP procedures as previously described (14).
		The density of uvular tissue was calculated as the mass/volume ratio.
		Uvular tissue optimal length was similar in the two groups (22.4 ± 3.9 mm in patients with SAHS and 24.5 ± 3.0 mm in snorers,
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/159/5/1551 (3407 words)

	UVULAR NASAL FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The uvular nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
		Its manner_of_articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
		Its place_of_articulation is uvular which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) against or near the uvula.
	www.witwib.com /uvular_nasal (163 words)

	Voiced_uvular_fricative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This consonant is one of the consonants collectively known as uvular R.
		Its place of articulation is uvular which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) against or near the uvula.
		See Uvular R and Category:Uvular R for a large number of examples of languages with the voiced uvular fricative.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Voiced_uvular_fricative (261 words)

	The pronunciation of the Portuguese of Portugal - Notes
		The /R\/ is most often a uvular flap or roll, but a lingual rolled r is also sometimes heard, both in Portugal and Brazil.
		Using a lingual sound for the "double" phoneme r makes the situation regarding the two types of r's the same as in Spanish, (Puerto Rico excepted) where both are always articulated with the tongue, not the uvula.
		Perhaps he uses some strange mixture of uvular and lingual articulation for the single r at times, although it is most often full lingual.
	rudhar.com /foneport/en/noteport.htm (3957 words)

	A Guide To The IPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The uvular plosives are articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula (the fleshy dangly blob that hangs down in the back of the mouth).
		The uvular nasal is pronounced with the tongue near or against the uvular, as with the uvular plosives.
		The uvular fricatives are pronounced with the tongue against or near the uvula, and are [χ] and [ʁ;].
	www.ultrasw.com /pawlowski/brendan/ipa.html (4418 words)

	Xaad Kil or Xayda Kil (Haida) Language
		There is a consistant correspondance between pharyngeal 〈g̱〉 and 〈x̱〉 in northern dialects, and uvular 〈G̱〉 and 〈x̱〉 in Skidegate.
		However, the northern dialects do have some rare occasions where it has borrowed in uvular sounds, which are written with capitals in B.C., and with a circumflex accent in Alaska.
		He did differentiate between the pharyngeal stop and its uvular counterpart, but merely hinted that “in the Masset dialect; x is also pronounced softer, more like h.” Swanton (1905:6)
	www.languagegeek.com /isolate/xaadas.html (849 words)

	The International Phonetic Alphabet
		There are no uvular sounds in English, but the French ‘r’ sound is uvular (generally it is a voiced fricative, but it can be an approximant in certain contexts, and a trill if spoken carefully).
		And one tends quite naturally to pronounce a uvular fricative instead of this one; or at any rate to not distinguish the two: German, for example, will use [x] as “hard ‘ch’” after [u] and [o] (“Buch” and “hoch”), but the uvular sound is found elsewhere.
		The best way to make sure one is pronouncing a velar sound (rather than uvular) is to see whether one can make a trill out of it: if one succeeds in getting something like the French ‘R’, the sound was uvular (it is not possible to produce a velar trill).
	www.madore.org /~david/misc/linguistic/ipa (7060 words)

	Bardi - UPSID Language Profile
		segfr(n, [labialized, voiceless, uvular, fricative], [haida, tlingit, kwakw7ala, quileute, squamish, puget_sound, kabardian, lak]).
		segfr(n, [voiced, uvular, fricative], [pashto, arabic, hebrew, tuareg, sui, abipon, greenlandic, aleut, yukaghir, gilyak, georgian, kabardian, burushaski]).
		segfr(n, [voiceless, uvular, fricative], [farsi, pashto, e_armenian, wolof, arabic, neo_aramaic, tuareg, mandarin, haida, tlingit, wintu, kwakw7ala, quileute, squamish, puget_sound, pomo, achumawi, aleut, kurukh, gilyak, georgian, kabardian, lak]).
	www.langmaker.com /db/ups_bardi.htm (1000 words)

	Uvular flutter tongue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Uvular flutter tonguing is a viable alternative to the classic "rolled R" flutter tongue, since it can be much easier and less noisy, especially in the lower register.
		Even in spoken Italian, there are no doubt some native Italians who "fake it" using the uvular alternative, or otherwise face deportation.
		The paradox in doing the uvular flutter tongue is that the essence of good flute tone is playing with an open throat, as if yawning, not closing the throat, as in the uvular flutter tongue.
	personal.zcloud.net /timzart/fluttertongue.htm (244 words)

	Place of articulation
		Uvular place of articulation is illustrated by the formal pronunciation of "r" in French or German (a uvular trill [
		Friction in the pharynx is created by drawing the root of the tongue backwards, almost as if being strangled, though not quite as extreme.
		Once you can control the distinction between velar, uvular and glottal friction, the ability to regulate pharyngeal friction will develop with practise.
	www.phon.ox.ac.uk /~jcoleman/PLACE.htm (442 words)

	phonoloblog » Writing and phonological information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Velars and uvulars are distinct beyond a shadow of a doubt, both underlyingly and on the surface:
		Suppose instead that the only information accessible is the actual output of the vocal apparatus as felt in the mouth and as heard by the ear (and as interpreted by the brain, of course, but crucially not accessing any kind of phonological information).
		The distinction between velars and uvulars is highly subtle, both articulatorily and acoustically; if we all only have access to “truly phonetic” information (whatever that means here), then some folks are just going to be better at noticing these distinctions than others.
	camba.ucsd.edu /phonoloblog/index.php?p=89 (1586 words)

	Note on the Glottalized Velar Stop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The point of articulation of this sound seems to vary from velar to uvular.
		Some examples seem to me to be definitely uvular.
		When I produced both velar and uvular ejectives, Mehari chosed the velar as correct.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/ling202/gvsnot.htm (37 words)

	HF ENG 111 Language and Society: Lecture 6, Norwegian examples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The use of the uvular realization has become more wide-spread during the 20th century, but as a dominant dialect feature it is still confined to the dialects of south-western Norway (cf.
		When the uvular realization occurs in the speech of speakers of dialects from other parts of Norway, such as Oslo or Trondheim, it tends to be met with a good deal of intolerance.
		It is not unusual to see it described in local newspapers as a speech defect.
	www.hf.ntnu.no /engelsk/staff/johannesson/111SoS/L07-o3a.htm (343 words)

	HBB forum - Kick Roll
		The uvular is the little dangly bit of flesh at the back of your throat.
		It is possible to oscillate the uvular by squeezing your throat and making the uvular flap.
		Th uvular oscillation is a very useful technique.
	www.humanbeatbox.com /forum/printthread.php?t=1401 (764 words)

	Merriam-Webster Online
		1 : of or relating to the uvula glands>
		2 : produced with the aid of the uvula uvular sound>
		For More Information on "uvular" go to Britannica.com
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=uvular (66 words)

	languagehat.com: IMITATING THE KING.
		Via Desbladet, an extremely interesting LINGUIST List discussion of the popular idea that various phonological changes in languages (notably the Castilian ceceo /thetheo/ and the French uvular r) were the result of a royal speech impediment that spread throughout the population.
		It seems quite well-documented that the uvular pronunciation developed first as a stigmatized feature among the Parisian lower class, the apical r being general at that time.
		This was still the case at the end of the 19th century where this pronunciation was called "parler gras" 'to speak fat' and the R, "r grasseyé" (the pronunciation [gRa] itself, with low back [a], examplifying the feature in question)...
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000725.php (1184 words)

	Pronunciation
		So uvular sounds or only used when they are closed to back vowels (not in all dialects), because they are too much effort otherwise.
		They were chosen to get a set of easy to pronounce vowels that are distinguishable easily (they are separated far enough from each other), to keep the lips out of duty and to keep movement of the jaw as small as possible.
		The normal northern dialect (long consonants, but no uvularisation) is considered the standard way of speaking.
	www.theiling.de /conlang/s2/node4.html (1870 words)

	linguaphiles: This has been bugging me for a while, b
		But there are accents where they use the uvular /r/.
		The English alveolar approximant [r\] is much the same continuous sound as is underneath the taps of the lingual trill [r].
		The uvular trill [R\] is acoustically like the lingual trill, and the uvular fricative is like the uvular trill but easier to make, and the uvular approximant of German or Danish still has a similar acoustic picture.
	www.livejournal.com /community/linguaphiles/948455.html (808 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The voiceless uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
		The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is χ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is X. Unicode
		Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Voiceless_uvular_fricative (203 words)

	. . . muttered the ogre » the uvular fricative is written Z in English
		muttered the ogre » the uvular fricative is written Z in English
		the uvular fricative is written Z in English
		My housemate was talking to a physician this morning (didn’t say why) and mentioned my snoring.
	www.ogre.nu /wp?p=13 (100 words)

	!Xóõ phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Not only do these clicks have different points of closure, they are different in that the uvular clicks are followed by the corresponding uvular stop, wheareas the velar ones are followed immediately by the next vowel.
		The secondary closure for this accompaniment is not actually uvular; the uvular fricative is not articulated until the click is released.
		All of these clicks start with voicing, but for the last three, voicing stops just before the click's release, whereas it continues through to the following vowel for the plain voiced click (!g).
	www.ultrasw.com /pawlowski/brendan/Xoo.html (1263 words)

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