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Topic: VCO

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	vco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		vco -- Implementation of a band limited, analog modeled oscillator.
		Here is an example of the vco opcode.
		asig vco kamp, kcps, iwave, kpw, ifn ; Output and amplification.
	www.kevindumpscore.com /docs/csound-manual/vco.html (429 words)

	Quadrature Trapezoid VCO: Part 1 Discussion
		The VCO core is the heart of the oscillator; the part of the circuit responsible for determining the frequency of oscillation as well as the basic capabilities of the unit.
		The VCO is the primary source for sounds and modulation sources in electronic music synthesizers, yet it is often said that the filter is the heart of a synthesizer.
		In an analog sawtooth VCO core, the input control voltage is converted into a current source that charges the capacitor linearly up to a reference voltage point, at which the capacitor is quickly discharged.
	www.till.com /articles/QuadTrapVCO/discussion.html (2482 words)

	WIDEBAND & LOW-NOISE MICROWAVE VCO
		The major drawback of the VCO design from fig.3 is that its operation is still based on lumped components: capacitors (varactors) and inductors.
		The circuit diagram of a wideband, low-noise VCO is shown in Fig.6.
		One should only be careful about the thickness, since the same microstrip VCO circuit may not oscillate at all on 0.7mm thick laminate (too weak coupling between microstrip lines) or cover a restricted frequency band on 0.9mm thick laminate (coupling too strong).
	www.clearlight.com /~vhfcomm/s53mvvco.htm (3293 words)

	VCO Based Sensors
		The VCO produces a square wave whose frequency is proportional to input voltage.
		The VCO oscillates a frequency that indicates the value seen by the sensor.
		When the VCO's output is a 1 (for 50% of a waveform), Q1 is turned on, essentially placing R4 in parallel with the remotely located R2.
	www.ganssle.com /articles/avco.htm (1823 words)

	Davidson College Instrumentation Specialist - Physics - Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) project was initiated by Dr. Dan Boye for use when demonstrating the properties of sound to his students.
		Boye's requirement for the VCO was that it produced 5 distinct types of audio signal waveforms: square, sawtooth, triangle, sine and a pulsed sine wave that had a duty cycle of 3 seconds on and 3 seconds off.
		The VCO is powered off of two nine volt batteries connected in series.
	www.phy.davidson.edu /instrumentation/VCO.htm (468 words)

	Radio-Electronics.Com :: VCO - Voltage Controlled Occillators
		For example the VCO performance may govern the overall design of the frequency synthesizer or PLL, if a given phase noise performance is to be met.
		Other oscillator or VCO circuits may use a common base circuit where there is no phase shift between the emitter and collector signals (assuming a bipolar transistor is used) and the phase shift network must provide either 0 degrees or 360 degrees.
		Oscillators are highly non-linear circuits and as a result the flicker noise is modulated onto VCO as sidebands and this manifests itself as phase noise.
	www.radio-electronics.com /info/receivers/pll/vco.php (1345 words)

	VCO - The Fine Print
		VCO's will not be liable for any damages or injury caused by, including but not limited to, any failure of performance, error, omission, interruption, defect, delay in operation of transmission, computer virus, or line failure.
		VCO's total liability to you for all losses, damages, and causes of action (in contract, tort (including without limitation, negligence), or otherwise) will not be greater than the amount you paid to access this site.
		VCO's will not be required to treat any Submission as confidential, and will not be liable for any ideas for its business (including without limitation, product, or advertising ideas) and will not incur any liability as a result of any similarities that may appear in future VCO's operations.
	www.angelfire.com /biz/suinc/finprin.html (1062 words)

	vco
		vco — Implementation of a band limited, analog modeled oscillator.
		vco can be used to simulate a variety of analog wave forms.
		There is an artifact (bug-like feature) in vco which occurs during the first half cycle of the square wave which causes the waveform to be greater in magnitude than all others.
	www.csounds.com /manual/html/vco.html (587 words)

	VCO - Selmic
		VCOs are developed to fulfil the toughest performance and reliability requirements of e.g.
		VCOs can be customized to include internal voltage regulation and buffer amplifier if a customer needs a higher integration level.
		The height of the VCO is thereby 4.0 mm, but if needed, there is a possibility to use leads with another stand off in order to have a certain height for the pick and place machine.
	www.selmic.com /vco.html (789 words)

	VCO
		The coarse and fine frequency adjustments on the VCO control panel are similar in function to the tuning knob on a guitar.
		It is that CV that changes the pitch of the VCO much the same way as fretting a guitar string changes its pitch.
		A VCO normally just sits there outputting a variety of waveforms, at a frequency determined by the combination of the "coarse" and "fine tune" adjustments on the control panel.
	www.radio-flier.com /vco.htm (1296 words)

	Buffer Amplifiers Solve VCO Problems - Maxim/Dallas
		The MAX2472/MAX2473 VCO buffers are introduced along with an application circuit and measurement data.
		Adequate VCO isolation also depends on board layout, and whether the VCO is discrete, integrated, or modular.
		The MAX2473 makes a good VCO buffer when there is only one signal path at the VCO output, and it provides even greater reverse isolation in the same small SOT23-6 package.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/2019 (996 words)

	Extending the MaxTrac 900 MHz VCO Frequency Range
		These are often referred to as the "left VCO" and the "right VCO" because they are oriented on the left and right sides of the VCO circuit board.
		Because the VCO operates at 888 MHz when receiving 927 MHz, and at 902 MHz when transmitting 902 MHz, the SL voltage will be lower in receive than in transmit.
		As mentioned above the left side VCO is used for receiving and transmitting on the repeater inputs, and the right side is used for T/A (simplex on the output).
	www.repeater-builder.com /maxtrac/maxtrac-900mhz-vco.html (2706 words)

	Verizon Relay Services
		To make a VCO call, the caller informs the Relay Operator (RO) that VCO is the preferred communication method at the beginning of the call.
		The call proceeds with the VCO customer voicing his or her message, and the RO typing what the called person is saying.
		VCO to VCO is an enhancement to basic VCO relay where both the caller and the person called are VCO-users.
	globalrelay.mci.com /vco.htm (696 words)

	EDN Access--06.19.97 Inverting latches make simple VCO
		The output phases of the VCO drive the clock generator and combine to create a CLKOUT that is a multiple of CLKIN.
		Another possible approach is to increase the number of VCO stages to 12, which allows switching among one, two, three, and four stages without losing lock.
		The output phases of the VCO drive the clock generator and combine to create a CLKOUT, which is a multiple of CLKIN.
	www.edn.com /archives/1997/061997/13di_05.htm (748 words)

	A unique, low-voltage, source-coupled J-FET VCO
		The VCO requires a single positive supply and is primarily designed for a supply voltage in the range of 1.5 VDC to 3.0 VDC.
		The oscillator of this test circuit is primarily intended to serve as a VCO in a low-voltage, small-band PLL circuit.
		The oscillator is primarily intended to serve as a VCO in low-voltage, small-band PLL circuits.
	rfdesign.com /mag/radio_unique_lowvoltage_sourcecoupled (3562 words)

	Maryland Relay - Voice Carry-Over (VCO)
		VCO can be used with either a TTY or a VCO phone.
		Two Line VCO and Reverse Two Line VCO: Two Line VCO (2LVCO) makes it possible for both parties --the person who is deaf/hard of hearing and the person who is hearing-- to speak and hear each other while making it possible for the deaf/hard of hearing person to read what the hearing person has said.
		When the other VCO user answers, the OPR will announce the fact that it is a VTV call to let your party know that they should speak into the telephone.
	www.mdrelay.org /How_VCOtoVCO.html (386 words)

	Trimless IF VCO: Part 1: Design Considerations - Maxim/Dallas
		In addition to an understanding of VCO design fundamentals, it requires substantial RF engineering effort to ensure that the design is properly centered and that the oscillator tunes to the desired frequency over all allowed variations in component values, temperature, and supply voltage.
		A flexible, low-cost, and reasonably high-performance VCO may be constructed with an inductor-capacitor (LC) tank circuit consisting of a low-cost surface-mount inductor and varactor diode.
		The trimless VCO's frequency tuning range is increased to accommodate error sources in the oscillation frequency.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/2032 (1885 words)

	Voice Carry Over User Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		With VCO, you can talk directly to the person you are calling and have his or her responses typed back to you.
		For those who do not wish to type, equipment made especially for VCO allows you to simply speak into the device and receive typed responses on a screen so you can read what the other person is saying.
		To make a VCO to TTY call, dial the relay and inform the CA that you are calling a TTY user.
	www.wyomingworkforce.org /how/vr_wyrdstele_ug-vco.aspx (952 words)

	voltage controlled oscillators
		This is to be part of a frequency synthesiser, although a vco isn't always associated with a frequency synthesiser.
		Bearing in mind with a vco and the voltage swings involved, you can get a fair bit of leeway and that each varactor diode varies greatly from predicted data of capacitance versus voltage.
		With the 74HC4046 VCO, its tuning range is determined by one external capacitor C1 (between C1A and C1B) and one external resistor R1 (between R1 and GND) or two external resistors R1 and R2 (between R1 and GND, and R2 and GND).
	my.integritynet.com.au /purdic/voltage-controlled-oscillators.htm (1693 words)

	Designing A Low-Noise VCO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Outside the loop bandwidth, the noise of the free-running VCO is the dominant noise contributor.
		As with the VCO phase noise, the reference spurious signals are suppressed by the loop filter.
		In a ring-oscillator-based VCO, phase noise close to the carrier is usually reduced by the PLL's feedback loop, which has a high bandwidth.
	www.mwrf.com /Articles/ArticleID/9181/9181.html (1571 words)

	Reverse-engineering the AIDC-3733 VCO
		John, I don't think the VCO is in the 8-lead DIP; I suspect that the VCO is the pile of SMDs and striplines in the middle of the board.
		The "R24" SMD is probably the VCO oscillator transistor (I noticed that the same device is used in the IF amplifier), and the "1Pz" SMD device is probably the oscillator's varactor diode.
		The VCO tank circuit seems to be the squiggly stripline inductor terminated in the capacitor and resistor.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/archive/amsat-bb/200104/msg00278.html (1023 words)

	900MHz Spectra VCO modification
		The only documentation I've seen on the web concerning the VCO mod is a scan of the VCO board layout with some hand-written notes on it that tries to tell you where to add a resistor to allow operation around 927 MHz.
		Remove the VCO shield but leave the thin "gasket" around the outside edge of the board itself.
		Pin 1 of the VCO board connector is towards the rear of the radio and is marked on one photo.
	www.repeater-builder.com /motorola/spectra/spectra-900mhz-vco-mod.html (1204 words)

	VCO
		Many of the factors affecting the BFO detector also apply to the VCO system, except that the VCO is capable of a more effective compensation.
		Furthermore, since in VCO designs the audio output tone is directly related to the DC input, the meter reading and the tone will always correspond directly.
		The search coil considerations described earlier mapped out the fields of influence surrounding coils of various diameters, and it is interesting to note the pinpointing ability of the smaller coil.
	members.aol.com /omlcgm/detecknowledgy/vco.htm (735 words)

	Voltage Controlled Oscillator
		Only one VCO output is being heard, although for the sync'd samples, another VCO was required to provide the master frequency.
		The VCO you are listening to is synchronised to a second VCO via its 'sync' input at a fixed frequency.
		The coarse frequency pot of this slave VCO is swept manually up and then down.
	www.oakleysound.com /vco.htm (796 words)

	Sawtooth VCO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Capacitor C2 and op amp OA3 form an active integrator which is driven by current from an exponential current source built around op amp OA2 and the differential transistor pair Q1-Q2.
		So when someone quotes a value for VCO temperature drift you have to look closely at how this relates to the operating point of the converter.
		It turned out that the temperature drift of the full VCO was in the opposite direction from that of the uncompensated converter.
	home.earthlink.net /~ijfritz/sy_cir2.htm (816 words)

	VCO Tuner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is a utility module to aid in adjusting the 1v/octave response of VCO's.
		Refering to the Octave Divider schematic, the VCO output is fed into schmitt trigger U4 (which turns any waveform into a pulse.
		The analog switches U7:C and U7:D alternative select the "straight" VCO signal, and the octave divided signal, and feed it into summing amplifier U3:D. The analog switches are clocked such that the frequency divided signal is selected when the CV output is in the high state.
	home.comcast.net /~sbernardi/elec/og2/vco_tuner.html (612 words)

	Washington Relay Service: Services: VCO
		Voice Carry-Over (VCO) allows deaf or hard-of-hearing users to speak directly to hearing people.
		Whatever the TTY user types goes directly to the VCO user's TTY or text display equipment to be read.
		However, the Communication Assistant (CA) will not hear the VCO user's voice and only types the standard (voice) telephone user's responses back to the deaf/ hard-of-hearing user.
	www.washingtonrelay.com /serv-vco.htm (396 words)

	Buffer Amplifiers Solve VCO Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When an interferer's amplitude at the VCO output port is sufficient, it can cause the VCO to shift its oscillation frequency to match the interfering frequency.
		The energy can be coupled directly to the VCO or through other circuits or traces connected to the VCO.
		The typical isolation achieved between VCO and mixer is approximately 44 dB at 900 MHz and 30 dB at 1900 MHz.
	www.mwrf.com /Articles/ArticleID/5513/5513.html (1006 words)

	Orifera VCO - Virgin Coconut Oil - Minyak Kelapa Dara
		ORIFERA VCO is a Premium Grade Potent Healing Food Supplement containing 45% to 50% lauric acids.
		The result of bacterial fermentation yield a fresh purer oil which can be truly called Virgin, which keeps all its nutrient, lauric acids, capric acids, caproic acids, rich in vitamins and minerals and vital amino acids.
		ORIFERA VCO naturally solidifies at 25 degrees C to become soft coconut butter.
	www.orifera.com /vco.html (912 words)

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