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	VDU
		Short for Visual Display Unit, VDU is a term used to describe a visual display device for a computer.
		For example a flat panel display, monitor, and a projector are all examples of a VDU.
		VDU is most commonly used to describe a standard CRT monitor.
	www.computerhope.com /jargon/v/vdu.htm (56 words)

	IFALPA 1985
		With VDU workers constrained postures are characterised by the head and hands being more or less permanently in a fixed position, largely determined by the appropriate eye-screen distance and the location of the key-board.
		VDU work involving time spent on activity away from the screen could also be less demanding to the eyes, depending of course on the nature of this activity and its demands on visual function in some other way.
		VDU's are now a mass phenomena and there is little doubt we are only at the beginning of their advance in our time.
	www.haylittsweb.com /Ifalpa.html (2982 words)

	VDU Work and the Hazards to Health - Chapter 1: Introduction
		It would also reassure VDU workers to know that their concerns about reproductive risks were taken seriously and that the 'right to transfer' for pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant had become enshrined in law.
		Unfortunately, the reality is that very little has changed for the average VDU operator working in a wordprocessing 'pool', or for one of the hundreds of 'teleordering' firms that have sprung up during the last few years, or for those working as isolated homeworkers receiving continuous instruction down the phone line.
		There is a detailed analysis of health and safety law as it applies to VDU work and suggestions for ways of ensuring that employers comply with the law in providing safe workplaces and safe systems of work.
	www.lhc.org.uk /members/pubs/books/vdu/vd01.htm (1082 words)

	VDU Work and the Hazards to Health - Chapter 4: Reproductive Hazards
		The fact that the mother had worked at a VDU throughout her pregnancy is not recorded either by the hospital or the GP.
		Of course, it may be that there was no connection whatsoever between exposure to VDUs during the mother's pregnancy and her child's VSD, but, given the lack of resources to make hospital record-keeping nationally consistent, or to correlate abnormal pregnancy outcomes with the parents' occupation, this is likely to remain an area of great uncertainty.
		We find the claim that the link between VDUs and increased miscarriage rates is coincidence as unconvincing as the claim that the high rate of leukaemia in the children of men who have worked at the Sellafield nuclear installation is pure coincidence.
	www.lhc.org.uk /members/pubs/books/vdu/vd04.htm (4596 words)

	R.T.Russell: BBC BASIC for Windows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		VDU 12 clears the text window to the current text background colour and moves the text cursor to the top left corner of the text window; it is identical to CLS.
		VDU 23 is used for four different purposes: to create user-defined characters, to control the appearance of the text cursor (caret), to scroll the display and to select a user-defined display mode.
		VDU 26 resets the text and graphics windows to their default positions (filling the whole screen), homes the text cursor to the top left of the screen (0,0), resets the graphics origin to the bottom left of the screen (0,0) and moves the 'current point' to the graphics origin.
	www.cix.co.uk /~rrussell/products/bbcwin/manual/bbcwin8.html (7569 words)

	Working with VDU's
		VDU's are of course common place in this Division and are subject to specific legislation regarding their use.
		The term VDU refers to any piece of equipment in use which has a display screen which the user looks at and also a keyboard which the user types on to interact with the System or Computer.
		Since working with a VDU has now become a significant part of our daily life, it is essential that we adopt a careful attitude to the work environment in which this equipment is situated.
	homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk /dch/Safety/handbook/node15.html (524 words)

	About Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		[VDU] was started in September 1997 by XR8, who saw that there was a shortage of Aussie I76 teams around and an increasing number of Aussies who wanted to play in a team environment.
		Membership into [VDU] is by invitation, and membership is limited to a maximum of fifteen people, this upper member limit is enforced in order to maintain group harmony and spirit, and is also in the interest of maintaining a personal friendly atmosphere.
		[VDU] enjoy all forms of combat and racing, and have tended to specialize in the art of Guns Only combat, whereby only guns are used, no missiles, mortars, droppers, or other weapons.
	home.rochester.rr.com /matvell/aboutus.htm (486 words)

	WORKING WITH VDUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		They advise that even if you work full-time at a VDU during your pregnancy you will receive radiation which in effect is no higher than the natural background level (in other words it does not add significantly to the natural background level).
		Higher levels have been reported among groups of VDU operators, but investigations show that they are not peculiar to VDU work and are to be expected on the basis of statistical chance rather than as a result of VDU work.
		As a VDU ages it is more likely to develop faults such as drift and jitter of the images on the screen.
	www.healthandsafety.co.uk /hsvdu.html (1525 words)

	Trinity College Cambridge - VDUs
		Some VDU users may experience aches and pains in their hands, wrists, arms, neck, shoulders or back (that is to their musculoskeletal system), especially after long periods of uninterrupted VDU work.
		Often it is not so much because of the VDU itself, but because of the increased pace or pressure to meet deadlines.
		VDUs give out both visible light (which enables us to see the screen) and other forms of electromagnetic radiation which can be harmful above certain levels.
	www.trin.cam.ac.uk /index.php?pageid=231 (974 words)

	VDU Work and the Hazards to Health - Chapter 2: Eyes and vision
		The extent to which individual VDU workers are likely to suffer from eye trouble will depend on a number of factors including the state of their eyes, the design of the equipment, the design of the workstation and the workplace, the nature of the work and the frequency of breaks.
		A 1989 study found that blood pressure and stress levels of VDU users were increased when viewing small characters (of 4.8 x 2.6 mm) compared to viewing larger characters (5.6 x 4.8 mm) and this effect increased with the age of the user (Tanaka et al 1989).
		In a study published in 1991, they found that VDU work was associated with impairment of the visual nervous system function, and that this finding was increased the greater the number of years the operator had been working with VDUs (Murata et al 1991).
	www.lhc.org.uk /members/pubs/books/vdu/vd02.htm (4190 words)

	ErgoBrain - A new insight on computer work and RSI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When the VDU is positioned further away it is important that the characters (letters and figures) on the VDU are enlarged.
		When the VDU is placed at eye level it will cause the neck to bend backwards, a well-known risk factor for causing complaints.
		One in which the VDU is positioned 35° under the horizontal eye level line and one in which the VDU is actually on the horizontal eye level line.
	www.ergobrain.com /uk_index.htm (2301 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When the VDU is serviced and no defect is found, it is returned to the user where the effect returns.
		The detection of waver or bounce on the VDU screen is subjective, dependent upon individual sensitivity.
		Shielding the VDU with a high permeability material (such as mumetal) is generally not cost effective and should be considered only as a last resort.
	chppm-www.apgea.army.mil /rfup/website/Rfinter.htm (833 words)

	eyestrain in vdu-users viewing distance-1649 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Without fixation stimuli-for instance, in darkness-accommodation and convergence of the eyes reach an intermediate state that is relatively stable within a subject but which ranges from about 30 cm to infinity across subjects.
		During work at a visual display unit (VDU), visual strain at a viewing distance of 50 cm was stronger than at 100 cm (with characters twice as large).
		When subjects were free to adjust the viewing distance to their comfort level, they chose distances between 51 and 99 cm (mean 74 cm) with characters 5 mm tall.
	www.ifado.de /vision/contents/jaschinski/abstracts/1649_eyestrain_vdu.htm (135 words)

	Visual Display Unit from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A VDU usually also includes its own display electronics which store the received data and convert it into electrical waveforms to drive the CRT.
		VDUs fall into two categories: dumb terminals and intelligent terminals (sometimes called "programmable terminals").
		Early VDUs could only display characters in a single preset font, and these were confined to being layed out in a rectangular grid, reproducing the functionality of the paper-based teletypes they were designed to replace.
	foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk /foldoc/foldoc.cgi?VDU (191 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The following VDU sequences are ignored, either because they normally do nothing (at least when stuck in VDU 5 mode and not echoing characters to the printer) or because they have no sensible interpretation when applied to printed output rather than a screen.
		The VDU 6 and VDU 21 sequences have their normal effects of enabling and disabling execution (but not parsing) of subsequent VDU sequences.
		VDU 8-11, VDU 13, VDU 30 and VDU 31,x,y) all update the current graphics position (without updating the previous graphics positions used in e.g.
	www.pinknoise.demon.co.uk /Docs/Arc/PDriver/OverView.html (8619 words)

	vdu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Computer displays have also been known as visual display units or VDUs.
		Early CRT-based VDUs without graphics capabilities gained the label 'glass teletypes', because of the similarity to their electromechanical predecessors.
		Monochrome displays can only display one colour either as on or off.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /VDU.html (438 words)

	VDU Main Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		At present things are pretty dead in I76 and Nitro, and the message was mainly relating to getting VDU established in the early days of I82 as the premier Aussie Gang.
		If you have not responded and want to be part of VDU as we enter the exciting new world of I82 please do so, otherwise you will find yourself off the members list.
		As you may have noticed VDU has joined the TOP 75 Interstate 76 list, and presently we are number one.
	home.rochester.rr.com /matvell/mainpage.htm (527 words)

	VDU Glasses for the elderly or those with poor vision also other visual problems encountered when using computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One single vision pair with optimum distance of 50cm (500mm) (20ins), a pair of single vision at 60cm (600mm) (24ins) another pair of bifocals with VDU at 60cm (600mm) (24ins) and close at 33cm (330 mm) (13ins), also pair of bifocals with VDU at 70cm (700mm) (28ins) and close at 33cm (330mm) (13ins).
		Your second pair of VDU glasses should be set to the optimum distance of the optimum of your 50cm glasses, plus 2/3 of the range of accomodation.
		If you have enough range of accomodation to only need one pair of VDU glasses, it may be worth considering a pair of Trifocal glasses.
	www.hyphenologist.co.uk /vduglass (3503 words)

	ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND PUBLIC HEALTH: VIDEO DISPLAY UNITS (VDUs)
		A VDU is essentially a television-type monitor that displays information received from a computer rather than from a broadcast signal for television.
		The typical VDU creates images in a large evacuated cathode-ray tube (CRT) by directing a beam of high-energy electrons from the cathode onto a special phosphor-coated, glass screen.
		Suggestions that working with a VDU could affect the outcome of a pregnancy arose in the late 1970s, when several "clusters of adverse pregnancy outcomes" were noticed in Australia, Europe and North America.
	www.who.int /docstore/peh-emf/publications/facts_press/efact/efs201.html (1185 words)

	D&A - VDU Eyecare - VDU Glasses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Under the DSE (Display Screen Equipment) regulations, employees who need a VDU / computer in order to do their job are entitled to have an eyetest paid for by their employer.
		If it is found that they require glasses solely for use with a VDU, the employer must also provide eyewear as well.
		We believe that this extra protection is vital which is why it comes as standard with our VDU range.
	www.danda.co.uk /opticians/vdu_eyecare/vdu_glasses.asp (144 words)

	Hazards Magazine and WHIN
		And Dr Kent M Daum of the University of Alabama School of Optometry, quoted on 7 August 1996 in the New York Times, said his research had shown that minor and otherwise unnoticed refractive errors or astigmatisms could cause pronounced discomfort after as little as half an hour at the computer.
		The TUC is urging VDU users to take up their eye test entitlement.
		TUC's Your right to an eye test leaflet says "that anyone working with a VDU or microfiche screen (not just regular users) should have a regular eye test, paid for by the employer, provided by a qualified optician.
	www.hazards.org /haz58/cvs.htm (1596 words)

	VDU assessments and audits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Within the regulations a user is defined as anyone habitually using a VDU as a significant part of their normal work.
		It is the duty of the employer to produce an assessment of VDU use.
		We are able to advise you on purchase of new equipment to meet the minimum standards of the regulations.
	www.singleton-associates.org /vdu.htm (197 words)

	Video display unit (VDU)
		The VDU displays this information in the form of text or graphics (pictures) on a cathode ray tube.
		A VDU operates like a normal TV set except the information is sent directly through a cable from the computer.
		The main consideration when selecting a VDU (or monitor) for a computer is whether the display is monochrome or colour.
	www.acay.com.au /~trine2/Displays/Display-Subsystems2.html (4146 words)

	D&A - VDU Eyecare - The Corporate Eyetest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An eyetest is a also a vital health check that can help detect not only VDU related problems, but can also give early warning for conditions such as glaucoma, diabetes and high blood pressure.
		By offering your employees DandA Vision Care, you are both meeting your DSE legal obligations to provide eyetests to your VDU users and safeguarding their visual health.
		We will also provide your employee with a Vision Care VDU Certificate of Recommendation at the end of the eyetest, with a copy for the employer, so you will know whether you need to provide the employee with any glasses.
	www.danda.co.uk /opticians/vdu_eyecare/eye_test.asp (152 words)

	Visual Display Unit's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although the regulations only apply to employed people, individuals who use VDU’s outside the work environment should consider their own total involvement if excessive use is to be avoided.
		To meet the regulations set, the chair should be adjustable for height and angle of the backrest to give back support and stability.
		Other faults such as poorly adjusted image, lack of natural breaks in the work, or perhaps badly adjusted image, lack of natural breaks in the work, or perhaps badly adjusted screen height, etc., can all increase the possibility of neck tension and headache.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /pc_home_page/vdu.htm (482 words)

	HELA call centre advice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These include: adjusting the VDU brightness and contrast settings; keeping the VDU clean, particularly from smears; ensuring the VDU is free from glare and reflections by controlling the ambient lighting conditions; and suitable positioning of any reference material.
		Breaks or changes in activity, as discussed in paragraph 44 to 47, are particularly important to avoid visual fatigue and should be taken away from the computer in order for call handlers' eyes to recover.
		If an employee already wears corrective appliances, but an eyesight test shows that these are unsuitable specifically for the distances involved in VDU work, the individual's employer is also obliged to pay for appropriate corrective appliances for this activity only.
	www.hse.gov.uk /lau/lacs/94-1.htm (14694 words)

	Health and Safety Department
		New staff (all categories of VDU users - administration, technical and academic) should be advised to undertake same upon commencement of employment.
		If staff fail the screening test they will be referred to the College's Optometrist for a VDU eye-sight test at the College's expense.
		In such circumstances a financial contribution equivalent to the standard single vision mid focal length VDU spectacle will be reinbursed to the employee upon furnishing of a receipt.
	www.ucc.ie /services/safety/serviceshso.html (515 words)

	Work related and individual predictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display units ...
		VDU work as percentage of total work time).
		Musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial stress in VDU operators before and after multidisciplinary ergonomic interventions.
		Postural load during VDU work: a comparison between various work postures.
	oem.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/60/7/475 (4306 words)

	[No title]
		The VDU Command A number of less documented features of BBC Basic are accessed via the VDU command.
		The VDU command is almost equivalent to the CHR$ command.
		Below are three examples to experiment with: VDU 1,52,33,38,34,34 VDU 1,52,33,34,33,34 VDU 1,52,33,40,33,33 User Defined Characters The Z88 has the ability to have up to 64 user defined characters.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Pines/5865/z88book.txt (14547 words)

	VDU safety training and risk assessment software. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Providing PC users with VDU interactive workstation training and computer risk assessment is important in today's computerized offices.
		After completing a risk assessment, there are several other ways employers can modify workstations to meet varied users' needs and provide users with near-immediate comfort improvements, without investing in a major furnishing purchase.
		Beyond improvements to the actual computer VDU workstation, there are several actions that computer users themselves can do to improve their comfort and minimize discomfort while working.
	www.cardinus.com /index3.stm (336 words)

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