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	VENONA project - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The VENONA project was a long-running and highly secret collaboration between United States intelligence agencies and the United Kingdom's MI5 and GCHQ that involved the cryptanalysis of messages sent by several Soviet intelligence agencies.
		Many inside the NSA had argued internally that the time had come to publically release the details of the Venona project, but it was not until 1995 that a bipartisan Commission on Government Secrecy, with Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan as chairman, released the Venona project materials.
		The Venona project was a thirty-eight year investigation conducted by the NSA and FBI counter-intelligence, and held classified for an additional fifteen years after the program ended.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/VENONA_project (1529 words)

	Significance of Venona - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Significance of Venona discusses the results and implications of the VENONA project, a long-running and highly secret collaboration between the United States intelligence agencies and the United Kingdom's MI5 and GCHQ that involved the cryptanalysis of Soviet messages.
		VENONA evidence has also clarified the case of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, making it clear that Julius was guilty of espionage and Ethel was an accessory, although their contributions to Soviet nuclear espionage were, arguably, not as vital as was alleged at the time.
		Many of critics of the released VENONA papers claim the material to be unverifiable with some, such as Brian Villa of the University of Ottawa and Rutger’s Norman Markowitz, going so far as to claim that the NSA had doctored or fabricated VENONA material in its entirety.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Significance_of_Venona (3049 words)

	VENONA Project - My Homepage
		VENONA employees had trouble figuring out what the messages said until 1946 when Meredith Gardner, a scientist with the ability to read six languages, was able to read parts of the messages that had been sent years earlier by the KGB and Moscow.
		Robert Lamphere joined the VENONA Project in late 1948 and was the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) liaison and case controller for the project’s investigations.
		During the forty years the VENONA Project was in effect the cryptographers worked really hard to decode the Soviet messages and their hard work paid off when the FBI made the arrest of the Rosenbergs and many other spies.
	www.piedmontcommunities.us /servlet/go_ProcServ/dbpage=page&gid=01325001151050417428684380 (1172 words)

	Venona
		Venona documents unmistakably identified Julius Rosenberg as the head of a Soviet spy ring and David Greenglass, his brother-in-law, as a Soviet source at the secret atomic bomb facility at Los Alamos, New Mexico.
		The decision to keep Venona secret from the public, and to restrict knowledge of it even within the government, was made essentially by senior Army officers in consultation with the FBI and the CIA.
		The Venona messages do not throw her guilt in doubt; indeed, they confirm that she was a participant in her husband's espionage and in the recruitment of her brother for atomic espionage.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/h/haynes-venona.html (5076 words)

	venona-crowell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While the Soviet traffic that was ultimately read under the VENONA project spanned the years 1942-46, efforts to exploit it continued for decades.
		The key to the VENONA success was that mistakes were made in the construction and use of the one time pads---a fact that was discovered only through brute force and analysis of the message traffic.
		The VENONA project is one of the best, and I am proud to have had a small part in telling the story.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/text/coldwar/venona-crowell.html (1060 words)

	NSA - Introductory History of VENONA
		The VENONA messages are filled with hundreds of covernames (designations used in place of the real names to hide identities of Soviet intelligence officers and agents - i.e., spies or cooperating sources - as well as organizations, people, or places discussed in the encrypted messages).
		The VENONA translations now released to the public often show an unexpectedly recent date of translations because the breaking of strong cryptologic systems is an iterative process requiring trial and error and reapplication of new discoveries, leading to additional ones.
		The successful decryption of the VENONA messages was a triumph of analysis by a small group of intelligent and dedicated women and men working long hours in their cramped offices at Arlington Hall.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html (2202 words)

	The Venona Story
		The VENONA translations now released to the public often show an unexpectedly recent date of translation because the breaking of strong cryptographic systems is an iterative process requiring trial and error and reapplication of new discoveries, leading to additional ones.
		VENONA provides some insight into Illegals used by Soviet intelligence, although with the exception of the noteworthy activities of Akhmerov and a GRU-Naval operation involving an Illegal, there are only a small number of other cases of Illegals mentioned in the VENONA translations.
		No translation in the VENONA material, however, is known to concern the case of Raoul Wallenberg, who was arrested by SMERSH (military counterintelligence) in Budapest in 1945 and was reportedly murdered by the KGB in Moscow.
	www.nsa.gov /publications/publi00039.cfm (13061 words)

	NOVA Online \| Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies \| Did You Know?
		The Venona intercepts reveal that the Soviets never gave Ethel Rosenberg a cover name -- evidence, say her sons Robert and Michael Meeropol, that she was innocent of espionage.
		In the end, Venona was seriously compromised by the American William Weisband and the Englishman H.R. "Kim" Philby, both of whom had access to Venona apparently told the Soviets about the program.
		Many persons known in the Venona traffic only by their cover names have never been identified, including "Quantum," a spy who gave valuable scientific information about the atom-bomb project to the Soviets at a meeting at the Soviet embassy on June 14, 1943.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/venona/dyk.html (711 words)

	Encyclopedia of American Conspiracy Theories - Venona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1995 the National Security Agency (NSA) released details of the Venona Project, a top secret U.S. military intelligence program to decipher Soviet cablegrams that had begun in 1943 and was formally closed in 1980.
		The project remained secret until 1995, as the American intelligence agencies insisted that it was more important not to reveal how successful it had been in cracking Soviet codes.
		While the Venona documents would have been taken to confirm, for example, that Julius Rosenberg was indeed guilty of passing on atomic secrets, they would also have demonstrated that Dean Acheson (secretary of state in the Truman administration) was not the Communist conspirator that Senator Joseph McCarthy accused him of being.
	www.art.man.ac.uk /english/staff/pk/research/Encyclopedia/sample3.html (490 words)

	What Your Textbooks Won't Tell You About the Cold War
		Venona proves that the staffs of such prominent journalists as Walter Lippmann and Drew Pearson were infiltrated by Communist agents, and other journalists, such as I.F. Stone, were agents themselves.
		Venona’s value to scholars hoping to gain an understanding of what really went on in the years leading up to the Cold War, however, lives on.
		Venona proves the opposite—their loyalty was to the Soviet Union, and many of the Party’s leadership and some of the hard-core membership served as spies in the Soviet cause.
	www.academia.org /campus_reports/2000/november_2000_4.html (1214 words)

	Spy Cases - U.S. - Venona - Introduction
		On 11 July 1995, DCI John M. Deutch announced the declassification of the Venona project, and released 49 Venona messages to the public.
		The Venona project was begun by the Army Signal Intelligence Service in 1943 with the aim of cracking the Soviet Diplomatic code.
		Hatch, "VENONA: An Overview," American Intelligence Journal 17, no. 1/2 (1996), 71-77, supplies an excellent overview of the Venona project, in terms of the nature of the activity and what was obtained from it and what was not.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /spycases_folder/venona_folder/venonaintro.html (600 words)

	Compare Prices and Read Reviews on Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America at Epinions.com
		In that research they found references to the Venona Project and mentioned it in their book, without much knowledge of what it was.
		Their discussions led to the release, on July 11,1995, of information about the super-secret Venona Project, in which some 3000 cable messages sent by KGB agents in the United States to the Soviet Union were decoded and translated from Russian between 1946 and 1981 by American counterintelligence authorities.
		Venona was eventually exposed by Soviet agents, including H.R. "Kim" Philby, a senior British intelligence officer stationed in Washington, D.C., who had access to Venona information until the summer of 1951 and later defected to the Soviet Union.
	www.epinions.com /content_152111517316 (977 words)

	VENONA Decrypts and Russian Codebooks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This contrasts with the VENONA decoding account by Cecil James Phillips, National Security Agency, in the Preface to "Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939-1957:" http://www.cia.gov/csi/books/venona/preface.htm Phillips writes: "Arlington Hall's Venona breakthrough in 1943-46 was a purely analytic accomplishment, achieved without the benefit of either Soviet codebooks or plain-text copies of original messages.
		This is documented in VENONA: The Greatest Secret of the Cold War (HarperCollins, 1999) by your humble servant, assisted by Ceil Phillips and the Finns.
		Consequently, while the Finnish material assisted in decoding some of the early Venona messages, the overwhelming bulk of Venona messages that were successfully read were from the period of the later Soviet code book, and here the captured material was irrelevant and the success was due to conventional cryptologic analysis.
	cryptome.org /venona-ru.htm (1921 words)

	Platt \| Venona
		Benefiting from Venona as well as material from the archives of the Comintern and the Soviet and American Communist parties, this detailed, thorough description of Soviet espionage in America demonstrates how the Venona transcripts became the “touch-stone” of U.S. counterintelligence.
		Venona confirmed the guilt of the atomic spies, Klaus Fuchs, Theodore Hall, and Julius Rosenberg.
		The Venona Project began in 1943, when code-breakers in the Signal Intelligence Service (later designated the NSA) began to analyze coded Russian cables to verify rumors of secret Nazi-Soviet peace talks.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_15/platt_15.html (1314 words)

	CI Reader Volume 2 Chapter 4
		In October 1996 a conference on VENONA, cosponsored by CIA, NSA, and the Center for Democracy was held in Washington, D.C. For the conference, CIA and NSA collaborated on producing a publication, called VENONA, Soviet Espionage and The American Response, 1939-1957, as a handbook for scholars interested in VENONA.
		The VENONA messages are filled with hundreds of covernames (designations used in place of the real names to hide identities of Soviet intelligence officers and agents—that is, spies or cooperating sources—as well as organizations, people, or places discussed in the encrypted messages).
		The VENONA translations released to the public often show an unexpectedly recent date of translation because the breaking of strong cryptographic systems is an iterative process requiring trial and error and reapplication of new discoveries leading to additional ones.
	www.fas.org /irp/ops/ci/docs/ci2/2ch4_a.htm (4011 words)

	VENONA project - TheBestLinks.com - Australia, Australian Labor Party, Cryptanalysis, Encryption, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Among those identified are Alger Hiss, believed to have been the agent "ALES"; Harry Dexter White, the second-highest official in the Treasury Department; Lauchlin Currie, a personal aide to Franklin Roosevelt; and Maurice Halperin, a section head in the Office of Strategic Services.
		Critics of VENONA point out that the intelligence agencies did not have actual names for nearly all the Soviet agents mentioned, so their identity had to be inferred, often using other information sources.
		The critics argue that with the lack of actual names (eg, ALES is only assumed to be Alger Hiss), all VENONA really shows is that there were numerous Soviet agents in the United States.
	www.thebestlinks.com /VENONA.html (1247 words)

	Chasing Spies by Athan Theoharis (Chapter 1)
		The Venona intercepts document that Rosenberg had recruited his brother-in-law, David Greenglass, a military draftee assigned to Los Alamos, and that Hall had approached a KGB agent in New York to volunteer sensitive information he had learned about the atomic bomb project as a current employee at Los Alamos.
		Rosenberg was indicted and convicted for atomic espionage, as was his wife Ethel, despite the fact that the Venona messages record that while she knew of her husband's activities, she was not a co-conspirator.
		The Venona messages confirm that the wartime head of the party, Earl Browder, was aware of and encouraged Soviet efforts to recruit American Communists to steal industrial and governmental secrets.
	www.fas.org /irp/eprint/theoharis.htm (4825 words)

	America's Debate -> Good Night and Good Luck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Venona project (along with later Soviet admissions and declassified documents) proved that the United States government was flush with communists.
		I find it funny that we see specials on everything from JFK to household cleaners, but the Venona project and the level of soviet infiltration is hardly known by the American people.
		Venona makes crystal clear that the leadership of the CPUSA was not only aware of Soviet intelligence networks in the government, but also actively assisted the KGB in recruiting American communists to spy.
	americasdebate.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=11503&view=getnewpost (4284 words)

	PREVIEW: Redhanded
		Now, for the first time, the importance of what Venona reveals is presented to a mass audience, and the scientific accuracy of the code-breakers' painstaking work is both explained and honored by the NOVA team.
		Hall was identified in Venona, but since the code-breaking's existence had to be kept secret and could not be used in court, Hall was able to walk free.
		If Venona had been known at the time, the prosecution at the Rosenbergs' trial would not have been able falsely to accuse them of having given key atomic secrets to the Soviets--nor would Judge Irving Kaufman have been as likely to hand down the dual death sentence that made them major Communist martyrs.
	weeklystandard.com /Utilities/printer_preview.asp?idArticle=826&... (934 words)

	[No title]
		Venona Project has proven beyond a shadow of doubt that U.S. Communist Party was a front for Soviet intelligence --- allowing people who were members or affiliated with U.S. Communist Party to work for the government or military due to lack of probable cause of their disloyalty would have being insane.
		The other problem was that FBI could not even expose them, citing Soviet cables from Venona Project as "evidences" since that would have alerted the Soviets to the fact that their cables were being read.
		Venona Project proved Sen. McCarthy was correct in doing so and the Senators who thought Communist Party membership or affiliation didn't pose a security risk were wrong.
	socialize.morningstar.com /NewSocialize/asp/FullConv.asp?forumId=F100000035&convId=88976 (4313 words)

	Alger Hiss and the VENONA files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The VENONA files are decoded cables sent from Soviet agents in the United States to Moscow.
		Transcripts of the intercepted cables were released by the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency in 1995 and 1996.
		The VENONA transcript with the most relevance to the Hiss case is #1822, sent March 30, 1945 from the Soviet's Washington station chief to Moscow.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hissvenona.html (302 words)

	AUTHORS DISCUSS BOOK ABOUT VENONA PROJECT - Summer 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Venona project was a U.S. government operation to intercept and decrypt coded messages sent during World War II between the Soviet embassies in America and Moscow.
		Only recently declassified, the Venona files reveal not only the extent of Soviet spying but also the close ties between Soviet intelligence and the American Communist Party, despite the surveil-lance of the Communists by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other security agencies.
		The decrypted Venona cables confirm the guilt of Julius Rosenberg, whose code name was “Liberal” and who gave atomic secrets from the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union.
	www-hoover.stanford.edu /pubaffairs/newsletter/99summer/venona.html (359 words)

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