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Topic: VLDL

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	The Atherogenic Lipoprotein Lp(a) is Internalized and Degraded in a Process Mediated by the VLDL Receptor -- Argraves ...
		Apo(a) inhibits the uptake of Lp(a) by the VLDL receptor.
		VLDL receptor antibody was preincubated with the synthetic peptide
		to the VLDL receptor correlates with its atherogenicity.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/100/9/2170 (8023 words)

	Lipoproteins.net: Information on HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol and atherosclerosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The majority of VLDL are derived from the liver and represent the transport mechanisms for triacylglycerol from the liver to other tissues.
		Both chylomicrons and VLDL (30-100 nm) particles are metabolized and cleared from the blood rapidly.
		Factors that increase the synthesis of triacylglycerol and secretion of VLDL by the liver include high carbohydrate diets, ethanol ingestion, high concentrations of insulin, and low concentration of glucagon.
	www.lipoproteins.net (891 words)

	Metabolism of VLDL is increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hearts -- Sambandam et al. 278 (6): 1874 -- AJP ...
		VLDL and minimizes the contribution from chylomicrons (27).
		In vitro lipolysis of VLDL by bovine and rat LPL.
		In vitro hydrolysis of VLDL by bLPL and rLPL.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/6/H1874 (5278 words)

	The Carboxyl-terminal Domain of Receptor-associated Protein Facilitates Proper Folding and Trafficking of the Very Low ...
		Intracellular cross-linking of RAP with the VLDL receptor (VLDLR).
		is that misfolding of the VLDL receptor in the absence of RAP
		was co-expressed, 6.6 ± 0.1 and 16 ± 3% of the soluble VLDL receptor
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/36/25877 (4906 words)

	Increased hepatic VLDL secretion, lipogenesis, and SREBP-1 expression in the corpulent JCR:LA-cp rat -- Elam et al. 42 ...
		VLDL was greater in the cp/cp rat, as was the apolipoprotein
		Uptake of VLDL by perfused livers of cp/cp and +/?
		Because re-uptake of VLDL by perfused livers of cp/cp and +/?
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/42/12/2039 (6526 words)

	VLDL activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression: involvement of the VLDL receptor -- Nilsson et ...
		ligands of the VLDL and LDL receptors are inhibited by the 39
		VLDL induction of the VLDL-inducible transcription factor in CHO cells overexpressing the VLDL receptor.
		VLDL receptors in the absence of functional LDL receptors (48).
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/40/5/913 (4938 words)

	► VLDL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lipoproteins are mixtures of fatty cholesterol and proteins in the blood that transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids to various tissues.
		Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is composed mostly of cholesterol, with little protein.
		On the contrary, high density lipoprotein (HDL), sometimes referred to as "good cholesterol," seems to protect against blood vessel and heart diseases.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/003494.htm (174 words)

	Lipids Online Slides: VLDL, lipid metabolism, mechanism of action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Because VLDL particles are the precursors of LDL particles in the plasma, inhibiting the incorporation of cholesterol into VLDL lowers plasma LDL cholesterol.
		VLDL particles begin to form in liver cells within the endoplasmic reticulum, which is outlined in purple.
		There is a compensatory response by the liver in the form of upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis to compensate for the loss of cholesterol returning to the liver from the intestine.
	www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=VLDL (1399 words)

	Estrogen Induction of VLDLy Assembly in Egg-Laying Hens -- Walzem et al. 129 (2): 467 -- Journal of Nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		VLDL were isolated as the d < 1.02 g/mL fraction of plasma from adult male roosters (stippled bars) and adult egg-laying hens (solid bars) as determined by dynamic laser light scattering (Walzem et al.
		Modal VLDL particle diameter was 27.9 and 72.3 nm for hens and roosters, respectively.
		Nascent VLDL are transported in clusters within Golgi secretory vesicles (arrows) toward basal extracellular spaces in which VLDL accumulate (arrowheads) before accessing the peritubular capillaries.
	nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/129/2/467S (3686 words)

	Regulation of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor in Hypertrophic Rat Heart -- Masuzaki et al. 78 (1): 8 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		VLDL receptor gene is expressed most abundantly in the heart.
		Northern blot analysis of VLDL receptor (VLDLR) and LPL mRNAs in ventricles of SHR-SP and WKY rats.
		of SHR-SP decreased in parallel with the VLDL receptor mRNA.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/78/1/8 (4027 words)

	Differences in the relation of obesity to serum triacylglycerol and VLDL subclass concentrations between black and ...
		Differences in the relation of obesity to serum triacylglycerol and VLDL subclass concentrations between fl and white children: the Bogalusa Heart Study -- Freedman et al.
		Six VLDL subclasses were quantified with the use of these techniques.
		VLDL is due, at least in part, to the activity of lipoprotein
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/75/5/827 (3947 words)

	Healthopedia.com - VLDL (Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein)
		This test measures the amount of VLDL in the blood.
		VLDL is usually measured with other lipoproteins, such as HDL and LDL.
		The level of VLDL can help assess a person's risk of atherosclerosis, or clogged arteries.
	www.healthopedia.com /vldl (259 words)

	Regulation of the Ligand Binding Activity of the Human Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor by Protein Kinase ...
		Measurement of VLDL Receptor Expression by Ligand or Immunoblotting-- Expression of functional VLDL-R was assessed by ligand blotting using RAP or u-PA:PAI-1 complexes as ligands (16, 19).
		Measurement of VLDL Receptor mRNA-- VLDL receptor mRNA was quantitated by Northern blotting.
		Functional VLDL Receptor Expression Is Diminished after Exposure of Cells to PMA-- We initially wished to determine the effect of monocyte differentiation on VLDL-R expression.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/1/555 (6724 words)

	VLDL, Apolipoproteins B, CIII, and E, and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events ...
		VLDL, Apolipoproteins B, CIII, and E, and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Trial -- Sacks et al.
		VLDL, the major carrier of plasma triglycerides, are a diverse
		rapid uptake of cholesterol-rich VLDL by LDL receptors in the
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/102/16/1886 (4030 words)

	Contributions of De Novo Synthesis of Fatty Acids to Total VLDL-Triglyceride Secretion during Prolonged ...
		of VLDL particles in the liver and a decreased catabolism of triglycerides
		TG in the VLDL suspension were isolated by thin-layer chromatography, hydrolyzed to FFA, and derivatized to FA methyl esters.
		VLDL normally fluctuates over the course of the day (26).
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/98/9/2008 (7328 words)

	Effect of weight loss on VLDL-triglyceride and apoB-100 kinetics in women with abdominal obesity -- Mittendorfer et al. ...
		Lipoprotein fractions (VLDL, IDL, and LDL) were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation (11) within 12 h of blood collection.
		to VLDL and IDL (from 0 to 48 h) and the TTR of leucine bound
		The FCR of apoB-100 in the VLDL, IDL, and LDL fractions was greater in lean than in obese women.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/3/E549 (5342 words)

	Effects of Fish Oil on Oxidation Resistance of VLDL in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients -- Hau et al. 16 (9): 1197 -- ...
		VLDL and LDL was measured by continuous monitoring of conjugated
		VLDL became enriched in CEs and protein and depleted of TGs
		increase in the susceptibility to oxidation of VLDL and LDL.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/16/9/1197 (4170 words)

	Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy on Very Low Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein B100 Kinetics in ...
		As VLDL apoB is the precursor of IDL and LDL apoB, lipid
		C]Leucine plateau enrichment of VLDL apoB had not been reached after 9 h in the placebo group on both occasions and at baseline in the GH group, whereas it had been achieved after 7-h infusion following GH replacement therapy because of an increase in total VLDL apoB turnover.
		VLDL removal is also in part LDL receptor mediated (19), GH-induced
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/1/307 (5265 words)

	Effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on VLDL-triglyceride assembly, production, and clearance -- Parks et al. ...
		Gibbons, G.F., and Wiggins, D. Intracellular triacylglycerol lipase: its role in the assembly of hepatic very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL).
		Egusa, G., Brady, D., Grundy, S.M., and Howard, B.V. Isopropanol precipitation method for the determination of apoB specific activity and plasma concentrations during metabolic studies of VLDL and LDL apoB.
		Fatty liver in familial hypobetalipoproteinemia: triglyceride assembly into VLDL particles is affected by the extent of hepatic steatosis
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/104/8/1087 (6956 words)

	Differential Reactivity of Two Homogeneous LDL-Cholesterol Methods to LDL and VLDL Subfractions, as Demonstrated by ...
		VLDL particles were also included in almost all of the VLDL
		Characteristics of the VLDL fractions obtained by ultracentrifugation (n = 34).
		VLDL (25), the two homogeneous methods might include part of
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/48/11/1946 (3874 words)

	Effect of sex and obesity on basal VLDL-triacylglycerol kinetics -- Mittendorfer et al. 77 (3): 573 -- American Journal ...
		Alterations in VLDL metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis
		VLDL is restricted to the plasma compartment and does not enter
		Apolipoprotein B metabolism and the distribution of VLDL and LDL subfractions.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/77/3/573 (3902 words)

	Hepatic Catabolism of Remnant Lipoproteins: Where the Action Is -- Havel and Hamilton 24 (2): 213 -- Arteriosclerosis, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The lipoproteins are transported within the maturing endosomes toward the biliary (apical) pole of the cells, forming multivesicular bodies (MVB) (late endosomes), whereas the excess surface membrane resulting from endosome-fusion forms recycling endosomes that carry the receptors back to the basolateral surface of the cell (modified from Figure 1 in Havel RJ, Hamilton RL.
		Top right (2003 version), Enlargement of a basolateral microvillus and adjacent endothelial cell (E), showing that chylomicron and large VLDL remnants pass through endothelial cell-fenestrae to the space of Disse where they bind initially to proteoglycan-bound apo E and hepatic lipase as well as LDLR, all of which are anchored to the microvillar membrane.
		rates of VLDL clearance were halved in mice expressing apo E4 as compared with those observed in mice expressing apo E3.
	www.atvbaha.org /cgi/content/full/24/2/213 (2400 words)

	Triglycerides and VLDL
		VLDL triglyceride kinetics in Wistar fatty rats, an animal model of NIDDM: effects of dietary fructose alone or in combination with pioglitazone.(non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) (Diabetes)
		Sensitivity to acute insulin-mediated suppression of plasma free fatty acids is not a determinant of fasting VLDL triglyceride secretion in healthy humans.
		Adipocytokines and VLDL metabolism: independent regulatory effects of adiponectin, insulin resistance, and fat compartments on VLDL apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics?(Complications) (Diabetes)
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0873275.html (279 words)

	Hypertriglyceridemic VLDL Downregulates Tissue Plasminogen Activator Gene Transcription Through cis-Repressive ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hypertriglyceridemic VLDL Downregulates Tissue Plasminogen Activator Gene Transcription Through cis-Repressive Region(s) in the Tissue Plasminogen Activator Promoter in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells -- Tabengwa et al.
		VLDLs used had Svedberg flotation rates of 100 to 400.
		Hypertriglyceridemic VLDL decreases plasminogen binding to endothelial cells and surface-localized fibrinolysis.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/6/1675 (4544 words)

	Uptake of Type III Hypertriglyceridemic VLDL by Macrophages Is Enhanced by Oxidation, Especially After Remnant ...
		Uptake of Type III Hypertriglyceridemic VLDL by Macrophages Is Enhanced by Oxidation, Especially After Remnant Formation -- Whitman et al.
		Lipoprotein cholesterol (50 µg/mL of medium) of various lipoprotein preparations: type III VLDL, native (n=10) or oxidized for 48 hours (n=5) and type III VLDL-remnants, nonoxidized (n=5) or oxidized for 48 hours (n=5) was incubated with J774A.1 macrophages for 16 hours.
		Cholesterol accumulation in J774 macrophages induced by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: a comparison of VLDL from subjects with types III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/9/1707 (5863 words)

	Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Calcium-Activated Transcription Pathways Are Required for VLDL-Induced Smooth Muscle ...
		VLDL receptor is coupled to the PI3K-dependent signaling cascade.
		SMCs were cultured for 36 hours in the presence of 0.1% LPDS (vehicle) and VLDL (1 mmol/L triglycerides) alone (control) or with several drugs at indicated concentrations.
		In the presence of VLDL, CREB is dephosphorylated.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/10/1115 (4488 words)

	beta -Migrating Very Low Density Lipoprotein (beta VLDL) Activates Smooth Muscle Cell Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) ...
		beta -Migrating Very Low Density Lipoprotein (beta VLDL) Activates Smooth Muscle Cell Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase via G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor.
		VLDL) Activates Smooth Muscle Cell Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase via G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor
		VLDL induces expression of egr-1 and c-fos mRNA.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/276/33/30579 (522 words)

	VLDL-triglyceride production after alcohol ingestion, studied using [2-13C1] glycerol -- Siler et al. 39 (12): 2319 -- ...
		VLDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation as described previously
		The isolated VLDL were extracted according to Folch,
		Manuscript received November 3, 1997; and in revised form May 27, 1998; and in revised form August 18, 1998.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/39/12/2319 (5445 words)

	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Binding Protein Mediates LPS Detoxification by Chylomicrons -- Vreugdenhil et al. 170 (3): ...
		VLDL were isolated from pooled fresh human sera (six healthy
		HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons were diluted to 12.5% of their plasma concentrations and incubated with 100 ng/ml of LPS and 50 ng/ml of LBP for 24 h at 37°C. PBMC were added, and the remaining LPS activity was assessed by measuring the cytokine secretion of the cells after 4 h.
		The LPS-neutralizing capacity of the chylomicrons exceeded the capacity of LDL, VLDL, and HDL to neutralize LPS.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/170/3/1399 (4952 words)

	Compared with saturated fatty acids, dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates increase atherosclerosis and ...
		Compared with saturated fatty acids, dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates increase atherosclerosis and VLDL cholesterol levels in LDL receptor-deficient, but not apolipoprotein E-deficient, mice -- Merkel et al.
		VLDL assembly and secretion (21), it is possible that the lack
		It is also possible that in the absence of LDL receptors VLDL clearance is inhibited by diets enriched in MUFA or CARB, and
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/23/13294 (4089 words)

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