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Topic: Grimeton VLF transmitter

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	Transmitter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transmitters may be damaged if operated without an antenna, so protection circuits must detect the loss of the antenna and switch off the transmitter immediately.
		To reduce transmission line loss the transmitter building is usually immediately adjacent to the antenna for VHF and UHF sites, but for lower frequencies it may be desirable to have a distance of a few score or several hundred metres between the building and the antenna.
		1974-1991: Konstantynow for 2000 kilowatt longwave transmitter, 646.38 metres (2120 ft 8 in)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Television_transmitter (2046 words)

	Transmitter Information - fm transmitter
		For example, in industrial process control a "transmitter" is any device which converts measurements from a sensor into a signal to be received, usually sent via transmitter wires, by some infrared transmitter display or control device located a distance away.
		Often the transmitter frequency build a fm transmitter fiber optic transmitter tv transmitter is not the frequency produced by the oscillator, but one of its harmonics.
		A minimum distance, which depends on the transmitter frequency, radio transmitter transmitter power, and the design of the transmitting antennas, is required to protect people from the radio frequency energy.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_T-/Transmitter.html (1867 words)

	Transmitter - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A transmitter usually has a power supply, an oscillator, a modulator, and amplifiers for audio (AF), intermediate frequency (IF) and radio frequency (RF).
		For example, in industrial process control a "transmitter" is any device which converts measurements from a sensor into a signal to be received, usually sent via wires, by some display or control device located a distance away.
		Some "transmitters" use 4-20 mA current loop or digital methods for transmission of measurements.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Radio_transmitters (2048 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Eiffel Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This aerial was fed by long-wave transmitters which were in small housings on the Champ de Mars.
		Crystal Palace Transmitter, London, England - 222 m TV tower without observation deck, nicknamed London's Eiffel Tower.
		The Radio Tower Gliwice was nicknamed "Eiffel Tower of Upper Silesia" and the wood framework tower of the transmitter Ismaning, which was demolished in 1983 was called the "Bavarian Eiffel Tower".
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Eiffel_Tower (2570 words)

	Eiffel Tower - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Until the 1950s there was a triangular area aerial consisting of several wires running from the top to anchor points on the Mars field.
		This aerial was fed by transmitters which were in small housings on the Mars field and used for longwave transmission.
		Since 1957 the Eiffel Tower is used as transmission tower for FM and TV and therefore has an aerial on the top.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Eiffel_Tower (2370 words)

	Very low frequency - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The very long wave transmitters, SAQ in Grimeton and Varberg in Sweden can be visited by public at certain times, such as on Alexanderson Day.
		Therefore you connect an aerial for VLF in form of a coil of insulated wire at the input of the soundcard of the PC and put it a few metres away from it.
		Because PC monitors are strong sources of noise in the VLF range, it is recommended to record the spectrograms on hard disk with the PC monitor turned off.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/VLF (607 words)

	VLF transmitter Grimeton: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The VLF transmitter Grimeton is a VLF 3 to 30 kilohertz
		The VLF transmitter Grimeton was used until the fifties for transatlantic radio telegraphy to Radio Central in Long Island An island in southeastern New York; Brooklyn and Queens are on its western end
		The transmitter from the 60ies is still used by the Swedish Navy The swedish navy (swedish: marinen) is the naval branch of the swedish armed forces....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /v/vlf_transmitter_grimeton2 (498 words)

	The Inside Story of Criggion Radio Station
		The 25 short wave transmitters and their associated aerials disappeared from the scene in the early 1970s and the VLF (very low frequency) and the three LF (low frequency - about 100kHz) transmitters were hastily dismantled and scrapped when their services were closed down at the end of March, 2003.
		Beneath the plan of the original VLF and LF aerials a mesh of wires is buried in the ground to a depth of approximately 9 inches to form the earth system of all the transmitters at that end of the site.
		The VLF transmitter took over the Rugby traffic in 1943 on a frequency of 16 kHz when that station was destroyed by a fire not related to enemy action.
	www.oswestry-history.co.uk /criggion-radio-station.html (4383 words)

	OTB - Below 535, A Historical Review of Continuous Wave Radio Frequency Power Generators
		The many disadvantages of the spark transmitters that were the original means of radio communication eventually led to the development of better methods for generating a radio frequency signal.
		Herculean-type arc transmitter ably presented in Henry Bradford's recent award winning article on the Marconi transatlantic site in Nova Scotia (1) was one historically significant means of developing large amounts of r.f.
		For example, with a well-designed AM transmitter, the occupied bandwidth is approximately twice the maximum modulation frequency.
	www.antiquewireless.org /otb/blw535202.htm (1969 words)

	Very low frequency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is the simplest possible form of radio transmission, but it is hard for transmitters to transmit high power levels, and the signal can easily be swamped by atmospheric noise, so this is only really used for emergencies or basic testing.
		Given that these are military transmissions, they are nearly always heavily encrypted, so although it is relatively easy to pick up the transmisions and convert them to a string of characters, it is not possible for civilians to read the messages.
		You connect an aerial in the form of a coil of insulated wire to the input of the soundcard of the PC (via a jack plug) and put it a few metres away from it.
	dictionpedia.com /en/Very_low_frequency (941 words)

	Very low frequency - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This frequency range is used presently for the transmission of instructions to submerged submarines (for example with the transmitter DHO38), since radio waves can penetrate some dozen of meters in sea water in this frequency band.
		High powered land-based transmitters in the countries that operate submaries send out signals that can be received thousands of miles away.
		PC based VLF reception is a simple method whereby anyone can pick up VLF signals using the advantages of modern computer technology.
	verylowfrequency.quickseek.com (889 words)

	Alexanderson alternator: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		You can see the only workable Alexanderson alternator at the VLF transmitter Grimeton The vlf transmitter grimeton is a vlf transmission facility near grimeton close to varberg in sweden....
		Unlike the spark-gap transmitters, the Alexanderson alternator produced a continous wave A continuous wave (cw) is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency; and in mathematical analysis, of infinite duration....
		The frequency of the transmitted signal was directly related to the rotor speed, so an automatic speed regulator was always employed to maintain a stable transmit frequency; the speed regulator was designed to compensate for the effect of keying on rotor speed.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /a/alexanderson_alternator (730 words)

	Ernst Alexanderson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The transmitter, the heart of which is an alternating-current generator (alternator), was developed by the Swedish-born engineer Ernst Alexanderson (1878-1975) who was a pioneer in radio engineering, Educated in Europe, and employed at General Electric in Schenectady, he later became chief engineer at Radio Corporation of America (RCA).
		Of the some twenty 200-kilowatt Alexanderson transmitters that were built in the USA by General Electric and installed all over the world, only this one at Grimeton remains.
		A shielded 40-inch loop antenna and a Watkins Johnson 357 VLF receiver recently snagged at the Middletown hamfest helped a lot, but, even then, the signals were just barely perceptible.
	www.eht.com /oldradio/awa/events/grimeton/grimeton.htm (392 words)

	[No title]
		I suspect the transmitters are not operating at peak efficiency, as they sound nothing like the listed 100 or 250 kW for these frequencies.
		This THALES transmitter, also DRM capable, is expected to be on the air by the next Summer, if the already delayed installation process runs as expected.
		In late 1999, this all came to a halt, and the transmitter and antenna were scrapped.
	www.worldofradio.com /dxld6073.txt (13140 words)

	DHO38 \| ON2BBP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The VLF transmitter DHO38 is a transmitter for VLF of the German Navy near Saterland, West-Rhauderfehn, North-Germany.
		Used my vlf loop connected to the mic input of my laptop.
		Plotting the signal strength of a vlf transmitter is what some people do detect SIDs.
	on2bbp.byze.be /vlf/dho38.php (360 words)

	Glenn Hauser's Shortwave/DX Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The response was surprisingly sad: Roy`s assistant Mike Spenser had managed to burn the transmitter while preparing for tests on 28th May. The transmitter was sent for repair to the USA.
		The Grimeton station, including six masts 127 metres high, was built between 1922 and 1924 and was the first reliable wireless telegraph link between Sweden and the USA.
		Grimeton is actually still used by the Swedish navy." It isn't just honour and glory being bestowed on one of the Halland's most famous landmarks, however.
	www.dxing.com /dxr/dxld4105.htm (13660 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Earlier this year, VLF radio station SAQ in Grimeton was put on the Unesco World Heritage List.
		As a matter of fact, I was told that the most recent VLF meeting had been in York, UK, in 1992.
		I promised to look into the matter and I have done that: Varberg is a "Summer Town" and a perfect venue with all facilities within short walking distance (hotels, youth hostel, campus lecture halls, railway station, Denmark ferry terminal, parking lots, old castle and swimming of all sorts, cafés etc etc).
	136.73.ru /news/2004/sep/2005_saq.txt (825 words)

	[No title]
		In addition, the 75th anniversary commemoration will be of interest to the 160 meter enthusiasts among us, for a replica of the original transmitter will operate from 2300 UTC on December 11, through December 15, on 1815 kHz.
		Vacuum tubes were under development, but even by the early Twenties, tube transmitter power levels were scarcely into the hundreds of watts.
		When Guglielmo Marconi visited the States in 1915, he decided to scrap his own transmitters and equip his stations with the new RF power source, which by then was capable of 200 kW.
	frodo.bruderhof.com /longwave/notebook/n45.txt (4617 words)

	Grimeton travel guide - Wikitravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Grimeton is a small village close to Varberg in Sweden, famous for the Grimeton VLF transmitter among radio amateurs.
		During summer months it is possible to visit the Varberg Radio Station with the machine transmitter used for VLF transmissions on 17.2 kHz.
		It is the only workable machine transmitter in the world!
	wikitravel.org /en/Grimeton (120 words)

	(SAQ Grimeton, a 17 kHz World Heritage)
		The Varberg Radio Station at Grimeton in southern Sweden (built in 1922-24) is an exceptionally well preserved monument to early wireless transatlantic communication.
		However, the Royal Swedish Navy needed the SAQ VLF alternator and the efficient antenna system for their traffic to submerged submarines and, without being aware of our cultural foresight, we remunerated the maintenance costs, predominantly for the painting of the antenna towers.
		Grimeton Radio was listed as a national industrial monument in October 1996 and it was on that occasion that some of us got world heritage in mind.
	www.sk0mt.net /engsaq.html (2985 words)

	The world below 535 kHz
		A VLF Beacon Transmitter at South Pole for Geophysical Research, by Umran S. Inan, inan@nova.stanford.edu.
		U.S. Navy VLF station NSS - Annapolis: A tour of the station facilities and the AN/FRT-87 1 MW transmitter in 1998 by Jim Hawkins, WA2WHV.
		A Gyrator tuned VLF receiver by Arthur J. Stokes, N8BN, astokes@gwis.com, of the American Association of Variable Star Observers.
	www.qsl.net /sv1xv/lw.htm (1821 words)

	[No title]
		Additionally, the so-called Hutt River Province (nothing more than a wheat farm, once owned by an eccentric who was disillusioned with wheat quotas) would not be "adjacent" to Rottnest, as indicated in the item; the former is 517 km from Perth, the latter is a ferry ride away.
		Additional transmitter sites have been researched but deleted from this list upon request of RFA to suppress this info, to avoid pressure from China upon the host countries.
		KOLD mentions that the fire has burned many Mt. Lemmon businesses and mentions that TV transmitters are up there, but it doesn't say whether the transmitters are among the facilities burned.
	www.worldofradio.com /dxld3112.txt (12551 words)

	Jim Hawkins' NSS Naval Radio Transmitting Facilities Tour Page
		In simple words, NSS was a high powered, Very Low Frequency (VLF) transmitting facility which provided a means of reliable communications for the command, operational control, and administration of the Naval establishment ashore and afloat (and submarines 65' below water surface), as may be directed by the Commanding officer.
		I suppose simply turning the transmitter off was not an option since the transmitter may have been needed by ships for DF [Direction Finding] (later by submarines for rho-rho* location as well).
		US Navy VLF transmitters and submarines use cesium beam frequency standards which are so precise that submarines can measure their velocity and so distance (range) from any such transmitter.
	hawkins.pair.com /nss.shtml (2290 words)

	Bravenet Web Services
		The Russian Navy VLF transmitter at Krasnodar is also active at 21.10 kHz.
		The licenses were granted recently, with a transmitter output of 20 Watt and the modulation bandwidth limited to 100 Hz...
		The Alpha transmitter now on air is most likely the transmitter at Krasnodar 45:24:17.9 N 38:09:29.0 E There are sometimes very weak Alpha sequence signals on a bearing of 63° from my QTH, most likely from the transmitter at Novosibirsk.
	www.vlf.it /msgboard-ar/153801959-1.html (4042 words)

	LWCA Longwave Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The historic transatlantic VLF station at Grimeton, Sweden, scheduled several extra periods of operation this spring and early summer, beginning with a series of transmissions that took place in mid-May, continuing with another on June 5th, and concluding with the usual Alexanderson Day celebration on 2 July.
		Lars Kalland indicates two 17.2kHz transmissions are planned for the morning of the 2nd, at 0830 and 1230 UTC (4:30 and 8:30 AM Eastern Daylight Time), along with amateur radio activity as well.
		Four years after the closure of LF station GBR at the famed Rugby, England, transmitter site, the 60kHz MSF time signal will also be leaving its longtime home, and taking up residence at Anthorn, on the west coast of Cumbria.
	www.lwca.org (1856 words)

	Low Frequency Wireless Telecommunications and Shared Frequency-Allocation Links
		This is a very short description of a tiny low power cw transmitter for long wave.
		Depending on the PI-Filter components and voltage for the final stage this transmitter would be able to reach the 100 Watts output level.
		The prototype transmitter pictured above is designed to produce 400W output from a 45V supply.
	www.tfcbooks.com /special/lf/links.htm (1534 words)

	[No title]
		NASB also agrees that with digital transmissions, a lower rated transmitter output power can serve the same geographic area as a higher power analog signal, so NASB agrees that the minimum power for digital DRM transmissions should be lower than 50 kilowatts.
		We have previously waived this Rule in order to authorize licensees to operate SSB transmitters with 50 kW peak envelope power (PEP) because this power provides approximately the same coverage area (even though this power is equivalent to only 15-20 kW relative to a DSB transmitter).
		Likewise, one of the advantages of digital transmission is that a lower rated transmitter output power can serve the same geographic area as a higher power analog signal.
	www.worldofradio.com /dxld4112.txt (11784 words)

	Privateline.com: Daily Notes Archive
		The large electronic tube is not the single "500 kilowatt valve." It was one of FIFTY-FOUR ten kilowatt tubes operable in parallel to form the transmitter at Hillmorton, near Rugby, in England.
		The giant transmitter is actually ten radio amplifiers of 100 kilowatts input, 54 kilowatts output each.
		Over the years, the 1927 transmitters have certainly been replaced, but the British Post Office maintains a security cloak over what the GBR transmitter is today.
	www.privateline.com /dailynotes/index11.html (1999 words)

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