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Topic: Vaccine

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Vaccine

Smallpox vaccine

Timeline of vaccines

Variola

Rabies virus

Measles virus

Smallpox

Small pox

Measles

List of viruses

Edward Jenner

Rabies

Rubella

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Hyposensibilization

	International AIDS Vaccine Initiative \| IAVI - International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
		On May 18, AIDS vaccine advocates worldwide marked World AIDS Vaccine Day by acknowledging all who work tirelessly to find a safe and effective AIDS vaccine, the world's best hope for ending the AIDS pandemic.
		A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain pathogen (any disease-causing organism, such as a virus, bacterium or parasite); the vaccine 'teaches' the body how to defend itself against a pathogen by creating an immune response.
		The Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology has partnered with IAVI to research four key biological questions hindering the development of an AIDS vaccine.
	www.iavi.org (392 words)

	allAfrica.com: Uganda: Two Held Over Fake Cattle Vaccine (Page 1 of 1)
		"The suspects were found with fake Hydroxine vaccine meant for cows but instead, it was a tomato spray drug.
		Mr Nsubuga said the suspects had relabelled the two litre tins with hydroxine vaccine labels claiming it is made in Germany.
		The genuine vaccine for cows is very expensive but the suspects were selling it at a cheaper price saying that they had smuggled it from the German embassy because it's not for export.
	allafrica.com /stories/200708291090.html (356 words)

	Vaccine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or ameliorate the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" strain of the organism.
		Vaccines may be living, weakened strains of viruses or bacteria which intentionally give rise to inapparent-to-trivial infections.
		Vaccines have contributed to the eradication of smallpox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man. Other diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and typhoid are nowhere near as common as they were just a hundred years ago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vaccine (2631 words)

	Vaccine - Medical Encyclopedia
		A vaccine (named after vaccinia, the infectious agent of cowpox, which, when innoculated, provides protection against smallpox) is used to prepare a human or animal's immune system to defend the body against a specific pathogen, usually a bacterium, a virus or a toxin.
		The main risk of rubella, for example, is to the fetuses of pregnant women, but this risk can be effectively reduced by the immunization of children to prvent transmission to pregnant women.
		For those who remain concerned despite the lack of evidence, thimerosal-free formulations of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, polio vaccine, MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccines and Hib/Hepatitis B combination vaccines are available.
	www.nursingstudy.com /encyclopedia/Vaccine.html (771 words)

	Anthrax Vaccine \| Vaccine Education Center - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		The vaccine was also recommended for postal workers who served areas that were the target of letters that contained anthrax spores.
		Therefore, the anthrax vaccine is made in a manner similar to the "acellular" pertussis vaccine.
		Therefore, the anthrax vaccine appears to be effective in preventing "inhalational" anthrax (the type of anthrax expected in a bioterrorist attack).
	www.chop.edu /consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75736 (1299 words)

	CDC Smallpox Vaccine Overview
		The vaccine is made from a virus called vaccinia which is a “pox”-type virus related to smallpox.
		It is important to note, however, that at the time when the smallpox vaccine was used to eradicate the disease, testing was not as advanced or precise as it is today, so there may still be things to learn about the vaccine and its effectiveness and length of protection.
		Vaccination within 3 days of exposure will prevent or significantly lessen the severity of smallpox symptoms in the vast majority of people.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/smallpox/vaccination/facts.asp (1059 words)

	Your Child's Immunizations
		Vaccines stimulate the immune system to react as if there were a real infection - it fends off the "infection" and remembers the organism so that it can fight it quickly should it enter the body later.
		The PCV vaccine should also be considered for children between the ages of 2 years and 5 years who are at risk of getting serious pneumococcal infections, including children who are under 3 years of age, are of Alaska Native, American Indian, or African American descent, or who attend group child-care centers.
		The vaccine frequently causes mild side effects: fever, mild crankiness, tiredness, loss of appetite, and tenderness, redness, or swelling in the area where the shot was given.
	kidshealth.org /parent/general/body/vaccine.html (3992 words)

	Development of Polio Vaccines
		The Sabin oral vaccine is given in 3 doses in the first two years of life, and a booster is given when the child starts school.
		The advantages of a live, oral vaccine are its long-lasting immunity, the prevention of reinfection of the digestive tract, and the lower cost of administering the vaccine orally because sterile syringes and needles are not necessary.
		Another disadvantage of the Sabin oral vaccine is that those who have an enterovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract when taking the oral vaccine may not develop the immune response.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEC/CC/polio.html (1575 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Salk produces polio vaccine
		For each virus, a vaccine must be custom-made, but the principles are the same: if your body is exposed to a very weak or small amount of the disease virus, it will produce antibodies, chemicals to resist and kill the virus.
		A nationwide testing of the vaccine was launched in April 1954 with the mass inoculation of school children.
		In 1958 other researchers tested a strain in the U.S. and they tried to cast doubts on Sabin's "communist vaccine." In spite of this, his vaccine was licensed in 1962 and quickly became the vaccine of choice.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm52sa.html (770 words)

	biology - Vaccine
		Vaccines have contributed to the eradication of Smallpox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man. Other diseases such as rubella, polio, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and typhoid are no where near as common as they were just a hundred years ago.
		In 2004, 10 of the 13 authors of the original Wakefield study retracted the paper's interpretation, stating that the data were insufficient to establish a causal link between MMR vaccine and autism [6].
		Advocates of routine vaccination argue that side effects of approved vaccines are either far less serious than actually catching the disease, or are very rare, and argue that the calculus of risk/benefit ratio should be based on benefit to humanity rather than simply on the benefit to the immunized individual.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Vaccine (1244 words)

	MMR vaccine - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about MMR vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Combined vaccine given to small children to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles).
		A controversy over the use of this combined vaccine began in early 1998, owing to the claims of a UK paediatrician that there was a slight risk of immunized children developing autism in later life.
		This risk was not present when the vaccinations were given as three separate shots at different times.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /MMR+vaccine (168 words)

	NBC10.com - HealthWatch - FDA Examines Cancer Vaccine From Merck
		Merck said the vaccine has the potential to reduce the annual number of new cervical cancers worldwide to roughly 150,000, from the current 500,000, and cut global deaths from the cancer by more than two-thirds, to an estimated 90,000.
		The first is that the vaccine may lead to an increased number of cases of a cancer precursor among patients already infected by any of the four virus types at the time they receive the vaccine, and whose immune systems have not cleared the virus from their bodies.
		The second concern is that any advantage the vaccine provides in protecting against the four virus types could be offset by infection by any of the multiple other types of HPV that the vaccine does not cover, according to the FDA documents.
	www.nbc10.com /health/9232344/detail.html (502 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Chickenpox - vaccine
		Chickenpox vaccine is required for school entry in a growing number of states.
		The chickenpox vaccine provides long-term immunity to the disease, and booster immunizations do not appear to be necessary, though this is still under study.
		Chickenpox vaccine is also effective for the prevention of chickenpox in unimmunized children recently exposed to chickenpox (post-exposure immunization).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/007065.htm (727 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Politics (Blue Flu)
		The current flu vaccine shortage is attributable to a lawsuit handled by Vice-Presidential candidate John Edwards.
		Influenza vaccine is produced by growing the virus in eggs.
		It is not the case that American manufacturers stopped producing flu vaccine when liability lawsuits made that market financially untenable for them, and UK and Canadian manufacturers (supposedly not subject to American liability laws) then picked up the business.
	www.snopes.com /politics/business/flushot.asp (1463 words)

	Technorati Tag: vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vaccine Vaccination helps to protect against many infectious diseases.
		Cancer Vaccine Shows Promise in Mice A new type of vaccine, tested in mice, could be a longer lasting form of cancer treatment and may even lead the...
		A new type of vaccine, tested in mice, could be a longer lasting form of cancer treatment and may even lead the way toward preventing cancer, Swedish...
	www.technorati.com /tag/vaccine (528 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: MMR - vaccine
		Vaccine - MMR; Rubella vaccination; Mumps vaccination; Measles - mumps - rubella (MMR) vaccine
		The MMR combined vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
		The MMR vaccine is a "3-in-1" vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella -- all of which are potentially serious diseases of childhood.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002026.htm (826 words)

	Challenges in Developing AIDS Vaccines, NIAID Division of AIDS, HIV Vaccine Site
		This may mean that a vaccine would need to protect the person against many strains of the virus.
		Vaccines against other viruses have only had to protect the person against one or a limited number of strains.
		It is very difficult to design a vaccine that, to be effective, needs to activate the very cells that are infected by the virus.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /daids/vaccine/challenges.htm (189 words)

	Online NewsHour: Targeting AIDS -- June 27, 2001
		Although there are promising approaches on the horizon, only one proposed AIDS vaccine is far enough along the research pipeline that it's being tested for effectiveness in large groups of people.
		But in vaccines until, let's say, five years ago, we were talking about maybe $100 million globally, and on vaccines for the developing world, a few million dollars a year, almost nothing.
		So a measles vaccine is designed to wake up these immune system cells to recognize the measles virus early, then clear the virus from the body before it can cause disease.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/health/jan-june01/aids_6-27.html (1581 words)

	Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) are information sheets produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that explain to vaccine recipients, their parents, or their legal representatives both the benefits and risks of a vaccine.
		CDC's "Instructions for the Use of Vaccine Information Statements" is a one-page summation of when and how VISs must be used.
		You must give your patients current Vaccine Information Statements (VISs)" by N.A. Halsey, MD, explains why it is necessary to always use the most current version of a VIS, and lists the date of the most current version of each VIS.
	www.immunize.org /vis/index.htm (3243 words)

	Chickenpox Vaccine -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is called varicella vaccine because the varicella virus causes chickenpox.
		The vaccine is given to children from 12 to 18 months of age.
		Your doctor may suggest you have the vaccine if you've never had chickenpox and are an adult, especially if you will be travelling to other countries.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/193.html (460 words)

	nbc5i.com - Health - Researchers Developing Possible Allergy Vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		William Lumry is among those testing a promising new vaccine, beginning with one that targets ragweed.
		As part of this trial, patients receive either a high or low dose of the drug tolamba, which is made from ragweed, or no dose at all.
		The ragweed allergy vaccine could be available within the next few years.
	www.nbc5i.com /health/9260965/detail.html (218 words)

	Vaccine Dangers (from http://educate-yourself.org)
		Formed in 1992, it was born of the committee that ten years previous won an exemption of conscience from vaccines required by the Ontario ‘Immunization of School Pupils Act’.
		His 17 years of research into the pitfalls of vaccines is summarized on his page describing his background (http://www.vaccinationdebate.com/about.html).
		In 1985, Ian decided that his one year old child's first severe allergic reaction to vaccine was going to be his LAST reaction to any form of vaccine.
	www.educate-yourself.org /vcd (1403 words)

	FDA/CBER - Vaccines
		Vaccines approved for marketing may also be required to undergo additional studies to further evaluate the vaccine and often to address specific questions about the vaccine's safety, effectiveness, or possible side effects.
		Additional information concerning preventive vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases is available at the CDC National Immunization Program.
		Alert on Menactra Meningococcal Vaccine and Guillain Barre Syndrome
	www.fda.gov /cber/vaccines.htm (306 words)

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