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Topic: Vaginal photoplethysmograph

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Penile plethysmograph

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	Vaginal photoplethysmograph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The light source illuminates the capillary bed of the vaginal wall and the blood circulating within it.
		The amount of light that is backscattered is in direct relation to the transparency of engorged and unengorged tissue and, hence, serves as an indirect measure of vasoengorgement, an indication of sexual arousal.
		It was the first practical and reliable device for the measurement of vaginal blood flow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vaginal_photoplethysmography (213 words)

	Vaginal fluid Definition / Vaginal fluid Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Vaginal lubrication is the naturally produced lubricating fluid that reduces friction during sexual intercourseSexual intercourse (synonymously coitus or copulation) is the act of inserting the erect penis of the male into the vagina of the female for reproduction and in humans primarily for their sexual enjoyment.
		Vaginal dryness is the condition where this lubrication is insufficient.
		vaginal fluid is a marker of infection in early pregnancy.
	www.elresearch.com /Vaginal_fluid (496 words)

	New Page 0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This sterilizing procedure is commonly used with hospital instruments that cannot be autoclaved, and it is known to prevent viral and bacterial transmission of infection.
		One is Vaginal Blood Volume and represents general pooling of blood into the genital region.
		Given that there is no "zero point" with the vaginal photoplethysmograph, women are shown a neutral and an erotic stimulus and the level of arousal between these two conditions are compared.
	www.psych.ubc.ca /~brotto/equipment.htm (147 words)

	Vaginal
		Vaginal mucus Vaginal mucus is a natural substance occuring within the viscosity) change during this time.
		Vaginal photoplethysmography Vaginal photoplethysmography is a test measuring the bloodflow to the photoplethysmograph.
		Vaginal sex Vaginal sex or vaginal intercourse is sex toys and other activities involving the vagina can be considered v...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/vaginal.html (95 words)

	Vaginal mucus - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Vaginal mucus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Vaginal mucus - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Vaginal mucus.
		Vaginal mucus is a natural substance occurring within the vagina, particularly the cervix, that maintains a certain level of moisture at all times.
		The consistency of vaginal mucus changes according to the period of the menstrual cycle.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Vaginal-mucus.html (180 words)

	Perineometer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The firmness of vaginal muscles can be tested by an instrument invented by Dr. Kegel - the perineometer.
		It is basically a simple pressure gauge which measures vaginal muscle contractions.
		This instrument, when inserted into the vagina, measures the degree of blood engorgement by registering the color of the vaginal walls through a photoelectric cell.
	www2.rz.hu-berlin.de /sexology/ECE6/perineometer.html (108 words)

	Aroma Art :: Articles :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Blood flow was determined with a Farral vaginal photoplethysmograph and computer-assisted therapy device, according to published protocol (Farrall, 1992).
		Vaginal blood flow changes, due to the presence of the various odorants, are shown in Table 1.
		Vaginal blood flow would then increase in response to each successive presentation of an odour, regardless of the odour.
	www.aromaart.com.sg /art12b.shtml (1506 words)

	[No title]
		The original vaginal myograph shape was copied from a 1973 research sensor, the vaginal photoplethysmograph, which was itself designed to look as much as possible like a tampon, to encourage easy acceptance by research subjects.
		The present dimensions of the vaginal sensor are a delicate balance between a number of considerations.
		In normal, healthy women the vaginal entrance is smaller and tighter, due to the active exercise and physical bulk of the surrounding PC muscle.
	www.incontinet.com /articles/art_urin/onsensor.htm (3260 words)

	Journal of Sex Research: Volunteer Bias In Human Psychophysiological Sexual Arousal Research: To Whom Do Our Research ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The vaginal photoplethysmograph, perhaps currently the most widely accepted psychophysiological measure of female sexual arousal, was first used by Sintchak and Geer (1975).
		Thus, sex research could be said to range in intrusiveness from questionnaire studies on sexual attitudes using paper-and-pencil measures to psychophysiological sexual arousal studies employing the penile plethysmograph or vaginal photoplethysmograph, with the vaginal photoplethysmograph being the most intrusive.
		The descriptions varied by the intrusiveness of the measurement device to be used, ranging from a subjective rating using a Likert scale at the least intrusive end to a penile strain gauge (males) or a vaginal photoplethysmograph (females) at the most intrusive end.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2372/is_2_36/ai_54882519 (1232 words)

	Paper: Latty :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Eleven post-operative male-to-female transsexuals were exposed to sexual stimuli on video while physiological (vaginal photoplethysmographic) and subjective measures of sexual arousal were being recorded.
		This study provides further support for a target specific pattern of arousal in men by using a new method of measurement (photoplethysmograph) while illustrating that the photoplethysmograph is indeed capable of producing target-specific results.
		Postoperative male-to-female transsexuals have neovaginas, and so their sexual arousal must be measured with a vaginal photoplethysmograph as opposed to the penile strain gauge.
	www.medical-papers.com /arousal+sexual+transsexuals+male+female (497 words)

	Patent 4396019
		The vaginal myograph of the present invention indicates the voluntary activity of the neuromuscular control system (nerves and brain); unlike devices which only electrically excite the pubococcygeus muscle for their involuntary reaction.
		Electrical signals traveling to the nerves which serve the pubococcygeus muscle are detected through the vaginal wall, i.e., on the side of the vaginal wall, by the active electrodes 2,3 transmitted through the cable 5 to the differential inputs of an operational amplifier pre-amplifier which includes a FET (field effect transistor) input stage.
		The Vaginal Myograph measures their Second (Plateau) and Third (Orgasm) Stages; together they are capable of assessing the full range of female sexual response.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4396019.html (3467 words)

	Vaginal plethysmograph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Excerpted from The Psychophysiological Assessment of Female Sexual Function by Cindy M. Meston, Ph.D. The vaginal photoplethysmograph is a clear acrylic, tampon-shaped device that contains either an incandescent light source, oran infrared light-emitting diode as a light source, and a photosensitive light detector.
		The light source illuminates thecapillary bed of the vaginal wall and the blood circulating within it.
		The amount of back scattered light is in direct relationto the transparency of engorged and unengorged tissue and, hence, serves as an indirect measure of vasoengorgement.
	www.therfcc.org /RFCC/vaginal-plethysmograph-101669.html (102 words)

	* Probe - (Pregnancy & Parenting): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A vaginal ultrasound is done with a wand-shaped probe covered with a latex sheath (like a condom).
		However, as soon as vaginal probe ultrasound was developed, which could get good pictures in early pregnancies (and get nearer to the baby giving it a bigger dose),...
		This increases the likelihood of infection (from vaginal exams and probes placed into the vagina.
	www.mimihu.com /pregnancy/probe.html (797 words)

	OB/GYN News: Study confirms at least two subtypes of FSAD
		All of the women watched neutral and erotic films while their vaginal pulse amplitude--a reliable measure of genital arousal--was measured by a vaginal photoplethysmograph.
		One implication of the study is that women with the subjective subtype of FSAD may have differences in basal sympathetic tone, compared with women with the genital subtype or women without FSAD, according to Dr. Brotto and the other researchers.
		Another implication of the study findings is that vaginal photoplethysmography, now exclusively a laboratory technique, may find a place as a diagnostic tool used to differentiate between FSAD subtypes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0CYD/is_5_40/ai_n13472419 (601 words)

	Sexologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The most common method of assessing female arousal over the last twenty five years is monitoring the vaginal haemodynamics using an inserted, free-dwelling photoplethysmograph and recording the blood-reflected infrared signals from the vaginal mucosa as the vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) and the total blood volume (V.B.V.).
		Unfortunately, the signals are influenced by many factors, especially vaginal motility, and despite many studies the direct interpretation of these signals in terms of neurally-activated vaginal haemodynamics is still contentious especially in relation to vaginal blood flow during, at and after orgasm.
		Various authors have selected either VPA or VBV, or sometimes both, to interpret the haemodynamic changes of arousal but it appears prudent to reserve judgements about mechanisms until other confirmatory measures of vaginal blood flow can be utilised.
	www.partal.com /mares/sexologies/angles/arxius/25/sommaire4.html (157 words)

	THE KEGEL BIBLIOGRAPHY - Everything published thru 1984
		According to Wilson, Kegel cites this work in "Sexual Functions..." paper; they "proved" vaginal insertions [i.e., interdigitating fibers connecting the vaginal wall] of the pubococcygeus, in contrast to Calmann, 1898, who asserted there was little sense of touch or pressure in the vagina.
		In addition, photophethysmographic studies of the vaginal wall at several locations confirm that the most vascularly responsive area (50% stronger than surrounding tissue) is in the anterior wall, also known as the "Grafenberg spot".
		The authors conclude "...therefore, we cannot justify the use of estrogens for vaginal relaxation." Interestingly, no test was made of exercises as a control, nor were PC muscles actually employed in the testing procedure (which involved intentional use of all ancillary muscles and deep inhalation).
	incontinet.com /articles/art_urin/kegelbib.htm (12388 words)

	IASR 2001 Conference Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A total of 71 women (25 young, pre-menopausal; 25 post-menopausal; and 21 age-matched pre-menopausal women) participated in two counterbalanced sessions consisting of genital arousal assessment with vaginal photoplethysmography and subjective arousal assessment with self-report questionnaires.
		SNS activity was enhanced using laboratory-induced hyperventilation, a technique frequently used in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
		On a separate day, subjects also came to a psychophysiology laboratory and, using the same design, their genital responses were measured with a vaginal photophethysmograph (VPP).
	www.iasr.org /meeting/2001/abstracts_2001.html (11279 words)

	Devices for measuring vaginal sexual response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It features three silver electrodes which make contact with the vaginal wall at the level of the pubococcygeus muscle.
		(Only one electrode is pictured clearly here.) The hollow ring allows stimulation of the Gräfenberg Spot on the anterior vaginal wall even while the electrode is in place in the vaginal entrance.
		The Cervical Photoplethysmograph (CPPG) (1980) contains an infrared LED and IR detector mounted in the rim.
	www.incontinet.com /cervicalEMG.htm (174 words)

	MARKETING UPDATE 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		photoplethysmograph) sexual responses to erotic stimuli were measured following either ephedrine or placebo administration in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over protocol.
		A vaginal photoplethysmograph (Behavioral Technology, Inc.) in conjunction with a BIOPAC PPG100B amplifier were used to measure vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) responses.
		VPA was sampled at a rate of 60 samples/s, band-pass filtered (0.5-30 Hz), and recorded on a Power Mac 6100/60 computer using the software program AcqKnowledge version 3.2 and a MP100WS data acquisition unit for analog/digital conversion.
	www.biopac.com /newsletters/mar99/newsletterb399.html (1113 words)

	Devices and methods for monitoring female arousal (US6169914)
		Beck, Gayle J., "Operating Characteristics of the Vaginal Photoplethysmograph: Some Implications for its Use," Archives of Sexual Behavior, vol.
		Wagner, M.D., Gorm, et al., "Oxygen Tension of the Vaginal Surface During Sexual Stimulation in the Human," Fertility and Sterility, vol.
		Sarrel, P.M., "Ovarian Hormones and Vaginal Blood Flow: Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry to Measure Effects in a Clinical Trial of Post-Menopausal Women," International Journal of Impotence Research, vol.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06169914__ (1214 words)

	Promoties
		The disturbed response cannot be explained solely by uterus extirpation, since it was not observed to the same extent after simple hysterectomy, but it might be related to a denervation of the vagina which increases with increasing radicality of surgery (Chapter 8).
		Psychophysiological assessment using photoplethysmographic vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA)33 is reliable in assessing the increase in vaginal blood flow during sexual arousal.34 This increased vaginal blood flow reflects a highly automatized genital response mechanism, occurring irrespectively of subjective appreciation of the sexual stimulus.
		Bladder function, sexual function and rectal function should preferably be investigated through validated questionnaires with normative values of the non-clinical population, combined with objective measures such as urodynamic evaluation, vaginal blood flow or erectile function assessment and colorectal motility assessment.
	www.lumc.nl /4030/samenvattingen/200310/Maas.html (7098 words)

	Yohimbe Research Update by Ray Sahelian, M.D. How to use Yohimbe safely
		Twenty-four women participated in three treatment sessions in which self-report and vaginal sexual responses to erotic stimuli were measured following treatment with either L-arginine (6 g) plus yohimbine (6 mg), yohimbine alone (6 mg), or placebo, using a randomized, double-blind, three-way cross-over design.
		The combined oral administration of L-arginine and yohimbine substantially increased vaginal pulse amplitude responses to the erotic film at 60 min postdrug administration compared with placebo.
		The vaginal response was measured with an instrument called a vaginal photoplethysmograph.
	www.raysahelian.com /yohimbe.html (3383 words)

	Plethysmograph: a disputed device
		Proponents claim the devices are an accurate gauge of sexual arousal, although results are highly variable and open to interpretation and manipulation by both the test subject and the observer.
		Researchers note that like its penile counterpart, vaginal probing has many disadvantages, including “the lack of a sound theoretical basis for interpreting what exactly the signal means” (Meston 2000).
		A vaginal photoplethysmograph is more complicated, because it measures the amount of blood in the genitalia by monitoring minor changes in skin color inside the vagina.
	www.tsroadmap.com /info/plethysmograph.html (4376 words)

	Professor Tracy - Human Sexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Be able to describe the vaginal photoplethysmograph with respect to the variable it measures.
		Be able to characterize the clitoris with respect to the number of nerve endings (as compared to the head of the penis), the only known purpose, how common clitoral stimulation is as a means by which women produce arousal and orgasm during self-stimulation
		Know that the inner two-thirds of the vagina has the fewest number of nerve endings, compared to the vaginal opening, the clitoris, and the labia minora
	faculty.valencia.cc.fl.us /jtracy/humansex/hs_link_obj_lec%20exam%201.htm (708 words)

	ASCO - Abstracts - PubMed Abstract View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Sexual arousal was measured by monitoring vaginal blood flow with a vaginal photoplethysmograph.
		Results showed significant increases in vaginal blood flow in response to both sexual anxiety and sexual pleasure.
		However, increases in the pleasure condition were significantly greater than those in the anxiety condition.
	www.asco.org /ac/1,1003,_12-002865-00_18-003675184,00.asp?SearchNames= (296 words)

	Encyclopedia: Vaginal photoplethysmography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Updated 114 days 19 hours 4 minutes ago.
		Human female internal reproductive anatomy The vagina (from the Latin for sheath or scabbard) is the tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female mammals, or to the cloaca in female birds and some reptiles.
		The penile plethysmograph (PPG) is a controversial type of plethysmograph that measures changes in blood flow in the penis in response to audio and/or visual stimuli.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Vaginal-photoplethysmography (164 words)

	L-Arginine, the Prosexual Nutrient
		Higher blood flow makes clitoral and vaginal tissues more sensitive and responsive to sexual stimulation, and helps increase the possibility of reaching orgasm.
		Twenty-four women participated in three treatment sessions in which self-report and physiological (vaginal photoplethysmograph) sexual responses to erotic stimuli were measured following treatment with either L-arginine glutamate (6 g) plus yohimbine HCl (6 mg), yohimbine alone (6 mg), or placebo, using a randomized, double-blind, three-way cross-over design.
		The combined oral administration of L-arginine glutamate and yohimbine substantially increased vaginal pulse amplitude responses to the erotic film at 60 min postdrug administration compared with placebo.
	www.alternativehealingtools.com /aminoacids/larginine.htm (2977 words)

	Ginkgo Biloba: Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
		Sexual functioning will be assessed through (a) daily patient diary recordings, (b) patient-rating scales completed each week, and (c) blind independent evaluator ratings.
		The acute effects of GBE will also be assessed using vaginal photoplethysmograph techniques to assess genital blood flow, both prior to and following chronic GBE treatment.
		The findings from the present study will (a) help determine whether chronic and/or acute GBE facilitates sexual function in women with antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction and, (b) examine whether acute GBE influences vaginal measures of sexual arousal.
	www.clinicaltrialssearch.org /ginkgo_biloba_antidepressantinduced_sexual_dysfunction.html (1209 words)

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