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	Vajont Dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vajont Dam is a dam completed in 1961 under Mount Toc, 100 km north of Venice, Italy.
		It was one of the highest dams in the world measuring 262 metres (860 ft) high, 27 metres (89 ft) thick at the base and 3.4 metres (11 ft) at the top.
		The management of SADE (Società Adriatica di Elettricità), the company building the dam, told the public that the geology of the gorge had been studied, including analysis of ancient landslides, and that it was believed to be sufficiently stable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vajont_Dam (439 words)

	Dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Timber dams were widely used in the early part of the industrial revolution and in frontier areas due to ease and speed of construction.
		The locations where timber dams are most economical to build are those where timber is plentiful, cement is costly or difficult to transport, and either a low head diversion dam is required or longevity is not an issue.
		In a constant-angle dam, also known as a variable radius dam, this subtended angle is kept a constant and the variation in distance between the abutments at various levels are taken care of by varying the radii.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dam (2943 words)

	Encyclopedia: Vajont Dam
		Earth dams, also called earthen and earth-fill dams, are constructed as a simple homogeneous embankment of well-compacted earth, sometimes with a watertight concrete or clay core or upstream face, or sometimes with a hydraulic fill to produce a watertight core.
		A type of temporary earth dam occasionally used in high latitudes is the frozen-core dam, in which a coolant is circulated through pipes inside the dam to maintain a watertight region of permafrost within it.
		In a constant-angle dam, this subtended angle is kept a constant and the variation in distance between the abutments at various levels is are taken care of by varying the radii.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Vajont-Dam (1065 words)

	Vajont Dam - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		As a result the water level behind the dam was carefully lowered and the reservoir allowed to refill slowly under controlled monitoring; calculations showed that catastrophic failure was unlikely and the valley side could be stabilized over time in this manner.
		The dam remains standing today, though little hydroelectric power is produced.
		Vajont Dam, See also, External links, Dams, Dam disasters, Buildings and structures in Italy and History of Italy.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Vajont_Dam (390 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		State dam safety staffs are spread thin, and when failures occur, particularly in a wide spread area similar to the many failures that occurred along the east coast as a result of Hurricane Floyd, state engineers have little or no time to gather pertinent information with respect to the breach parameters and resultant damages.
		Dam failure warnings were also less likely where the drainage area was small or the reservoir had little or no flood storage space, i.e, when the reservoir was able to quickly fill and overtop the dam.
		Although dam failure warnings are frequently initiated before dam failure for earthfill dams, this is not the case for the failure of concrete dams.
	www.fema.gov /txt/fima/damsafe/embankment-dam-failure-part-2.txt (9720 words)

	Vajont (Vaiont) lecture notes by Dave Petley
		The Vajont reservoir disaster is a classic example of the consequences of the failure of engineers and geologists to understand the nature of the problem that they were trying to deal with.
		Vajont is located in the south-eastern part of the Dolomite Region of the Italian Alps, about 100 km north of Venice (Fig.
		It appears that during the construction of the dam the chief engineer was concerned about the stability of the left bank of the dam, and a number of reports were compiled on this during 1958 and 1959, which identified a possible prehistoric slide on the right bank.
	www.land-man.net /vajont/vajont.html (1885 words)

	DAM BREAK WAVE WITH ENERGY DISSIPATION
		Two related cases are the overtopping of a dam by flood waves and a sudden water release down a stepped cascade.
		Considering an ideal dam break surging over a dry horizontal channel, the method of characteristics may be applied to solve the wave profile as first proposed by RITTER in 1892.
		For a dam operator, an accurate estimate of the warning time before flood wave arrival is essential to alert populations leaving in the downstream valley.
	www.iahr.org /e-library/beijing_proceedings/Theme_C/DAM%20BREAK%20WAVE%20WITH%20ENERGY%20DISSIPATION.html (2272 words)

	Parco Naturale Regionale delle Dolomiti Friulane - Points of Interest
		The Landslide of the Vajont is only the most recent and dramatic event in the recent life of a mountain, during which the rocks formed, were lifted, and were subject to erosion.
		The construction of a dam in a valley that was geologically unstable is one of the main causes of the huge landslide (270 million cube meters) that in the evening of 9th October 1963 took off Monte Toc and rapidly fell in the already partially filled lake.
		The 265-meter high arch dam was the highest in the world and was able to stand the unprecedented destructive power of the landslide and of the subsequent wave.
	www.parks.it /parco.dolomiti.friulane/Epun.html (2030 words)

	Reservoir Loading and Earthquakes, Alaska Science Forum
		From 1960 to 1963, while the reservoir behind the new dam (at 860 feet, the highest in the world) was being filled, some 250 tremors were felt as the water rose.
		It can be argued that the self-induced earthquakes were not the sole agent responsible for the landslide (there had been a great deal of rain), but they were almost certainly a contributing factor.
		Incredibly, the superbly engineered Vajont Dam held; the tragedy would have been much greater had it not.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF7/739.html (693 words)

	dam-l The Guardian, London "Villages of the Damned"
		Centrepiece of the programme was the Vajont dam which, nearly 265m high, was in 1960 the highest double-arch dam in the world and a tribute to advanced engineering design.
		The Vajont dam was a per fect showcase for Italian expertise.
		A giant wave surged over the dam and, crashing to the valley floor, punched the air from the mouth of the Vajont gorge with the force of an atomic bomb.
	www.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca /lists/html/dam-l/2000/msg01794.html (1178 words)

	Opinion (Spotlight Weekly)
		It appeared that the Kulekhani dam was on the verge of collapse.
		In a similar type of Vajont dam incident in Italy, the loss of life was significant even though the dam was left standing after the overtopping because it was a concrete dam.
		The Vajont Dam is 261 meters high and the volume of the water contained in its reservoir is 150 million cubic meters (the volume of the West Seti reservoir would be about 1500 million cubic meters).
	www.nepalnews.com /contents/englishweekly/spotlight/2004/jun/jun18/opinion.htm (1912 words)

	index.htm
		In fact, the story of Vajont is more than a chronology of technical operations and natural events; it looks like being a complex of factors which can be considered in a different way.
		Since 1956 to 1960, the dam was in fact completed, with all its auxiliary facilities, in a continuous (and often unlegal) struggle between SADE and privates; struggle which State was not able to manage properly.
		The dam, in the meanwhile, was modified during construction, to reach a maximum highness of 721,60 mt over sea level, instead of the planned 677 mt.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/2907/vajont.html (6033 words)

	The legend of the Piave
		But the recent dams have obeyed (a mercenary science has obeyed) the sacrosanct need for low costs, so they are built, as with the Fréjus and Vajont, in an arch, that is, with a curve that points out into the water pressure and spreads the load onto the shoulders wedged into the valley sides.
		Vajont, the name of the reservoir, but previously of the pass, the gorge in which the dam was wedged, all 263 meters (world-beating historical record!) in Ladino Friulian dialect equals the Venetian va zo, goes down, which collapses into the valley.
		The Vajont basin was cut in two by the huge landslide with a volume higher than that of the water that it contained, a hill standing 100 meters above the water level.
	www.sinistra.net /lib/bas/progra/vamo/vamoogabee.html (2308 words)

	TAM TAM IL DAILY DI ITALIA CINEMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 40th anniversary of the tragedy of Vajont will be celebrated on October 9th at the presence of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi.
		The survivors of the Vajont disaster have been deported, forced to move from a village to the other, but all this has been forgottne.
		Vajont reminds us once again that the dictatorship of money and profit is more important than people.
	www.tamtamcinema.it /persona.asp?lang=eng&id=702 (537 words)

	The Legend of the Piave by Amadeo Bordiga 1963 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As we recalled in the case of the Frejus dam, that too was a masterpiece of brand new technology, it was light, slim and agile and so with a very modest concrete and steel tonnage held back an enormous volume of water.
		But the recent dams have obeyed (a mercenary science has obeyed) the sacrosanct need for low costs, so they are built, as with the Frejus and Vajont, in an arch, that is, with a curve that points out into the water pressure and spreads the load onto the shoulders wedged into the valley sides.
		The Vajont basin was cut in two by the huge landslide with a volume higher than that of the water that it contained, a hill standing 100 metres above the water level.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bordiga/works/1963/legend.htm (2617 words)

	Vajont - La diga del disonore (2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Vajont, the movie shows the top engineers at the construction company who are responsible for building the then tallest dam in the world as practical people whose main concern is to finish the dam and get the Italian government to pay for the construction costs.
		The newlywed couple (the husband an engineer at the dam construction company), the reporter out to expose the flawed dam and the eventual disaster are the type of characters and situation you can find in plenty of movies about things going wrong.
		Martinelli does a fine job of showing the dam builders trying to find a way out of the trap they are in, with the dam creating a lake against the Toc, the name the townspeople give to the crumbly mountain that borders the lake.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0214265 (469 words)

	(from BBC) - h2g2 - Risk in Industrial Society - Vajont dam disaster, and Bhopal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Vaiont Dam disaster is an excellent example of a failure of the engineers and geologists to understand the nature of the problems they were faced with.
		Over the next few years, filling and lowering of the dam varied as the dam's engineers attempted to find the right water level where electricity could be generated and where the land would not slide.
		An arch dam is a dam that is curved inwards from the downstream side, or is convex from that point.
	www.wineathomeit.com /vajont2003/eNGLISH/bbc.vajontBhopal.html (2570 words)

	APPLICATION OF ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES IN THE DAM LEAKAGE INVESTIGATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Most dams in modern ages have been designed for multipurpose that is not only to support a good irrigation system but also as power generator, water supply, flood control, and others such as tourism and fishery.
		Although most of the dams have been designed and constructed to sustain huge hydrostatic and dynamic forces exerted by water column in the upstream side of the dam but it is not possible to predict precisely the hydraulic behaviour of the dam body and the geological formations in the vicinity of the dams.
		The collaboration is to apply isotope techniques especially natural isotopes to investigate the origin of several water discharges around Jatiluhur Dam and to investigate the dynamic of water in the reservoir.
	www.batan.go.id /p3tir/berita/sdal/jatiluhur_eng.htm (394 words)

	Dam Failures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the 20th century, there were about 200 serious dam failures in the world.
		For a chronology of major tailings dam failures, after 1960, see http://www.antenna.nl/wise/uranium/mdaf.html.
		1963 - Vajont dam, Italy, caused the loss of 2,600 human lives; telecommunication lines were torn away by the impact of the flood wave and the residents in the endangered valley were unaware of the danger coming from the dam;
	www.dha.lnec.pt /nti/english/studies/FLOOD_RISK/textos/damfailures.html (117 words)

	Commentary: Dam collapse threatens Central Asia
		The main threat is from the right bank, a partially collapsed body of earth and rock, with a mass of up to 2.6-billion cubic yards that could fall into Lake Sarez and generate an enormous wave, Irgashev said.
		Tajik experts reportedly said the wave would be 110 to 165 yards in height could overtop the dam and wash it away.
		Dr. Donald Alford, of the University of Colorado in Boulder, who was team leader for the mission, told UPI some of the warnings could be due to various agendas represented by special interest groups, both within and outside Central Asia.
	quickstart.clari.net /qs_se/webnews/wed/ca/Uuzbekistan-lake.RGRg_DNI.html (957 words)

	bridgeparts
		It is in dam construction that knowledge of the ground is most important, because of the potential for great loss of life.
		The dam must be integrated into the rock to avoid leakage and uplift; extensive grouting is often required.
		A terrible catastrophe resulted when water behind the Vajont dam penetrated the ground and enabled a large piece of a mountain slope to slide into the reservoir.
	www.brantacan.co.uk /bridgeparts.htm (5845 words)

	The 1963 VAJONT dam disaster \| What's on actually... on the web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The time past since October 2004 (date of the historical and infamous eviction of the Longarone Survivors Committee) up to today, after the Indonesian catastrophe, I have been very busy in the collection of various material on the Survivors Committee and their treatment.
		"A large-scale disaster, such as that of the Vajont valley, affects the psychological health of survivors for decades".
		The dam they made was, and is, after all, a HARD tested headwork.
	www.wineathomeit.com /vajont2003/eNGLISH/indexArticles.html (1240 words)

	Beppe Grillo's Blog: The Voice of the Susa Valley / 9
		“The inhabitants of the Vajont Valley join themselves in solidarity with the inhabitants of the Susa Valley and with the NOTAV campaign.
		The reason is easy to say: living in the Vajont Valley, it’s impossible to forget the deep hurt that was felt following the realisation of the “Grande Vajont” project.
		All this was in a valley affected by big issues relating to the instability of the hillsides.
	www.beppegrillo.it /eng/2005/12/the_voice_of_the_susa_valley_9.html (937 words)

	Vajont (2001) :-:NetMovies:-: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On October 9th, 1963, at 10:39 pm, 260 million cubic meters of rock fell down from Mount Toc to the artificial lake formed by the Vajont dam, the higher dam in the world.
		Planned by engineer Semenza, Vajont dam (263 meters) had to carry the electricity in all the houses of the country.
		Tina Merlin, a journalist from "L'Unitá", tried for years to denounce the danger to build a dam near the Mount Toc and expecially to denounce all the omissions by the corrupted politicians and workers in charge of the dam construction.
	www.netmovies.ch /movie.php?typeID=6955 (231 words)

	SummitPost.org - Campanile di Val Montanaia Climbing Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		From the city of Belluno (Regione Veneto — North/east of Italy) to Longarone, (see the Vajont landslide disaster) and from this to Erto, Casso and Cimolais, villages of Val Cellina (Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia).
		The Vajont dam is one of the highest arch dam in the world (270 m) and was build in the 60s to exploit the drop of Vajont torrent for an hydroelectric plant.
		During the night of 9 October 1963, raising the level in the basin for the first time, the slope of Monte Toc (southern side of the lake) became unstable and a landslide of 260 million m3 fell into the lake.
	www.summitpost.org /show/mountain_link.pl/mountain_id/3742 (678 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Vajont Dam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Vajont Dam; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Vajont_Dam (561 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Story of Vajont: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On October 9, 1963, some 50 million cubic meters of water was displaced over the top of the Vajont dam by a massive landslide.
		Originally considered a natural disaster, subsequent investigations have shown that the risks of such a landslide were known to the operators of the dam prior to the event, and that they consciously chose to ignore the warning signs.
		This book is not a comprehensive report on the investigation or even a detailed analysis of the errors that resulted in tragedy.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1884419410 (343 words)

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