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Topic: Valency (linguistics)

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	Valency (linguistics) Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In linguistics, valency or valence refers to the capacity of a verb to take a specific number and type of arguments (noun phrase positions).
		The linguistical meaning of valence is derived from the definition of valency in chemistry.
		The term valence has a related technical meaning in lexical semantics that elaborates on the role of argument structure - it refers to the capacity of other lexical units to combine with the given word.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Valency_(linguistics).html (396 words)

	Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As the twentieth century recedes, linguists seem increasingly to agree that the "anti‑semantic turn" inaugurated by Leonard Bloomfield and continued by Noam Chomsky was a wrong turn.
		For example, the prime SAY is postulated to allow, universally, valency options of "addressee" and "locutionary topic", so that one can express, in any language, meanings equivalent to `X said something to Y', and `X said something about Z' (notwithstanding that the formal marking of these valency options will vary from language to language).
		A clear picture of the different combinations of linguistic elements making up each of the texts is not to be achieved by lists of spelling variants or tables of percentages, but it is worthwhile to point out some of the striking variations.
	wordtrade.com /society/grammar.htm (1741 words)

	Verb [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Valence electrons are used by atoms in chemical reactions and are generally the most important factor in determining which reactions can and cannot take place, especially in covalent bonding.
		Tense, aspect In linguistics, grammatical aspect is a property of a verb that defines the nature of temporal flow (or lack thereof) in the described event or state.
		Verb framing In linguistics, verb framing is a term used to describe how verb phrases in different languages vary regarding whether the main verb tends to encode the manner of motion or the direction of motion.
	www.wikimirror.com /Verb (3793 words)

	Thomas Herbst, English Valency Structures - A first sketch
		Valency is viewed primarily as a lexicological phenomenon that is relevant to syntax rather than as a syntactic phenomenon that is word bound.
		Since the valency of the verb is the decisive factor determining the number of complements required for a sentence to be grammatical, it is the verb that also largely determines the overall structure of the sentence.
		Since Aarts and Aarts (1988) use the term adverbial to refer to the adjuncts of valency theory and classify adverbs or prepositional phrases that are part of the valency of the verb as complements (thus avoiding one of the pitfalls of the CGEL account of complementation) their analysis comes rather close to a valency approach.
	webdoc.gwdg.de /edoc/ia/eese/artic99/herbst/main1.html (12693 words)

	RUSSIAN VALENCY STRUCTURES
		This project aims at a semantic representation of linguistic objects in Russian—words, phrases, sentences—based on the concept of valency.
		Valency is traditionally thought of as a property of words, primarily verbs and adjectives.
		I explore valency as a property of all kinds of linguistic signs: words, morphemes, signs with non-phonological expression, and completely implicit signs.
	www.hum.uit.no /a/lonngren/Val.html (214 words)

	Building a Valency List
		Linguistics has been using the concept of verb valency for a long time, but, without the advantage of computer tools, the work with valencies is a very lengthy and inevitably incomplete process, the results of which are of informative value only.
		The first technique of building a list of verb valencies is the ``manual'' technique, when a researcher writes down valencies according to his or her linguistic knowledge or intuition.
		Until complete and errorless tools for automatic processing of valencies are developed, the ``manual'' technique is convenient for making corrections and additions to the list or for building the core of the list.
	nlp.fi.muni.cz /publications/sofsem1998_smrz_hales/html/node3.html (418 words)

	Introduction to the Pronominal Approach
		From linguistics the PA has received inspiration from the distributional analysis principles of Togeby and Harris, from mathematics the PA has been influenced by the notion of proportionality or isomorphism and by the constructivism known from constructive mathematics, especially Goodman (1951).
		As described by Eynde (1995) the PA is on a par with the linguistic principles of Knud Togeby (1965), the distributional analysis of Zellig Harris (1951, 1954 and 1965), and the componential analysis of Eugene Nida (1975).
		Following the principles of constructive mathematics it does not attempt to do so in one go by taking into account all possible realizations of entities which may be valency-bound, but instead it restricts the investigation to a representative subset of the language consisting of elements from a closed word class, the pronouns.
	bach.arts.kuleuven.be /PA/pa_intro.html (998 words)

	Linguistics 001 -- Homework #1
		Below you will find two lists of titles of articles or books published in linguistics within the last few years, many of them from Language, which is the journal of the Linguistic Society of America.
		Classify the first list of titles according to the level(s) of linguistic analysis that seem to be most clearly involved.
		The available categories include theoretical linguistics, descriptive linguistics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, applied linguistics, computational linguistics, neurolinguistics, stylistics, and others that you may find in the readings or the course lecture notes (though the list given should be adequate).
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_1998/ling001/homework1.htm (440 words)

	Constructions - The “bizarre” valency behaviour of Finnish verbs
		The valency of the verbs – defined as the actant scheme in which the verbs appear, combining semantic and syntactic properties – in these sentences differs from their conventional valency.
		To account for these sentences we propose a constructional approach: the effected object construction and the possessive transfer construction enable Finnish speakers to deviate from the conventional valency properties of verbs and use conventionally intransitive verbs transitively, or transitive verbs with objects that are not selected in the basic valency entries of the verbs.
		It seems to us that instead of treating valency alternations in one context by considering them to be properties concerning a verb or a verb class defined by semantic features, it may prove useful to take into account the specific genre and the corresponding extralinguistic contextual variables.
	www.constructions-online.de /articles/31 (3603 words)

	contrastive linguistics bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This selective bibliography of publications in contrastive linguistics is the result of collaboration between the member research units of the CoLLaTE network.
		In J.E. Alatis (1968) Contrastive Linguistics and Its Pedagogical Implications.
		Roberts, J. (1983) Valency grammar as a predictive instrument in the contrastive analysis of syntax.
	bank.rug.ac.be /contragram/biblio.html (5204 words)

	21.11. 2006 Lexicon data and their structure [How to make a dictionary]
		- valence (In linguistics, valency or valence refers to the capacity of a verb to take a specific number and type of arguments (noun phrase positions).
		Valency is closely related, though not identical, to transitivity.
		Lexeme/Lemma - Lexeme refers to the set of all the forms that have the same meaning, and lemma refers to the particular form that is chosen by convention to represent the lexeme.
	sinahowtomake.blogg.de /eintrag.php?id=5 (452 words)

	Mithun Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Linguistic Fieldwork: Essays on the Practice of Empirical Linguistic Research.
		Historical linguistics and linguistic theory: Reducing the arbitrary and constraining explanation.
		Diachronic morphologization: the circumstances surrounding the birth, growth, and decline of noun incorporation.
	www.linguistics.ucsb.edu /people/mithun/pubs.htm (803 words)

	Linguistics Program - La Trobe University
		The La Trobe Linguistics Progam is one of the leading centres in Australia for teaching and research on human language.
		The staff specialize in discourse analysis, historical linguistics, language acquisition, linguistic typology, morpho-syntax (especially case and valency), semantics and sociolinguistics.
		This site is designed to help you become acquainted with the discipline of Linguistics and the staff who teach it.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /linguistics (193 words)

	CLIN VII
		At CLIN meetings, computational linguistics researchers in the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking Belgium gather and present their research.
		The original DOP model corresponds to a theory in which the linguistic representation of an utterance is given by a phrase structure tree.
		For the analysis of those tagged texts, some tsls rules (Text Structure to Linguistic Structure) have to be defined.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~kersten/clinVII.html (4299 words)

	CSI: Man5
		In the concluding part, we shall also suggest that it is possible to study the folk narratives in terms of the 'force dynamics' patterns identified by Len Talmy (Lecture 4) with respect to sentence-semantics, viz., exertion of force, resistance to force, overcoming of resistance, blockage, and removal of blockage, etc.
		Propp did not conceal his affinity to linguistics when he proposed that folktales should be studied in terms of an abstract grammar underlying the concrete manifestations of many particular tales.
		Applying the theory on Greimas's model, Petitot suggests that the relations associated with the qualitative and privative oppositions of the semiotic square could be schematized by means of the catastrophe of Conflict of minimal complexity (the 'cusp') and that of Bifurcation of minimal complexity (the 'fold') respectively.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /epc/srb/cyber/man5.html (4775 words)

	Pronominal Approach: Publications
		Daugaard, Jan (2001) On the valency of Danish adjectives
		Daugaard, Jan (2001) On the valency of Danish adjectives Ph.D. Dissertation, Copenhagen, Denmark.
		Valency, sense distinction and inheritance in different types of nominalizations.
	bach.arts.kuleuven.be /PA/pa_refs.html (1182 words)

	A Typological Approach to Field Linguistics
		By a "typological approach to field linguistics" we mean field work guided by the goal of examining the range of possible language variation.
		Questionnaires are an important tool in linguistic fieldwork because they allow a fieldworker who is relatively inexperienced in a particular area of linguistics to gather the full range of data in that area.
		The site is in effect an ad for training courses for field linguists provided by the Department of Languages and Linguistics of the University of Jos in Nigeria.
	lingweb.eva.mpg.de /fieldtools/tools.htm (2476 words)

	LAMEL The Organisation of MALS
		In response to recent national developments in the field of language in education we are offering two modules specifically aimed at 'local' teachers who wish to follow the Educational Linguistics scheme.
		These modules are designed (a) to enable teachers to do some of their coursework away from the university and (b) to enable them to gain credit for relevant work performed prior to starting the MA
		This is permissible in cases where applicants clearly have a strong background in Linguistics already and/or where they have substantial research or work experience for their proposed area of research.
	bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk /ma/malsorg.htm (489 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.156: Case, Valency&Transitivity/ACL Student Workshop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As a matter of policy, LINGUIST discourages the use of abbreviations or acronyms in conference announcements unless they are explained in the text.
		Valency is a verbal feature which characterizes the capacity of a verb to take a specific number and type of arguments and thus, in the languages with case-marking, crucially depends on the case-marking of the arguments.
		On the one hand, they are crucially connected with such morphological aspects of the clause as case marking and person agreement (which both can be understood as case in a broad sense of the concept), valency marking on verbs (voice and diathesis) and various morphological devices for marking transitivity.
	linguistlist.org /issues/14/14-156.html (1513 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.235: Double Valency-Changing, Hurtful Epithets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.
		In addition to posting a summary, we'd like to remind people that it is usually a good idea to personally thank those individuals who have taken the trouble to respond to the query.
		I am preparing a one-unit undergraduate linguistics seminar on the meaning and use of hurtful epithets for people based on ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, handicap, religion, etc., as well as associated words like epithetic verbs.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/14/14-235.html (276 words)

	Welcome to My Web Page! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Crippled Creativity and Psi-properties: Linguistic Creativity is crippled by the outside sociality and mental linguistic algorithm is controlled by social rules.
		Illegitimacy of Computational Linguistics: CL is illegitimate for four reasons: from the standpoints of (a) Philosophy of science, (b) Natural Science(Mismatch between human Cognitive domain and machine algorithms) (c) Social Science (Plurilingual Planning), (d) Algocentricism (in contrast with post-formal substantive task of Linguistics).
		In the next five years I want to contribute much more in the field of Linguistics and will try to find out the paradigm crises.
	home.thirdage.com /education/debu (327 words)

	WJMLL 4-5/99-00
		The hope was to define valency adequately through its expression in syntax: the reasons for a syntactic concept of valency were methodological and in tune with classical structuralist thinking and the then contemporary approach in generative grammar.
		Still, the different "valencies" were considered as aspects of a single valency phenomenon, rather than as different phenomena altogether, and, despite some doubts, the hope persisted that a criterion could be found that would correctly distinguish complements from adjuncts — not by accident, but because it reflected the essence of valency.
		It is a commonplace that syntactic and semantic valency are not in a one-to-one-relationship.
	wjmll.ncl.ac.uk /issue04-05/fischer.htm (14487 words)

	Course Info for Ling 889D, Spring 1998
		Not all of these are in the folder in linguistics; ask one of the instructors for a copy.
		The View from building 20 : essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger.
		Morphological Reflexive-Marking: Evidence from Kannada Linguistic Inquiry 26.4:705-710.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~molsen/ling889_sp1998.html (855 words)

	Valence Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Valence is a somewhat outdated concept in chemistry.
		It is a number that tries to predict with how many neighboring atoms a certain atom can form a chemical bond.
		In Linguistics, valence refers to the number of arguments that a verb can take.
	www.topicguide.com /Valence.html (170 words)

	George Aaron Broadwell
		Linguistic anthropologist with primary research interest in syntactic theory and language and cognition.
		I am a field linguist, with an interest in integrating descriptive and theoretical studies on endangered and poorly understood languages, primarily Native American languages.
		Our 1996 field methods course involved creating a series of web pages on the Mon language, which you can click here to see.
	www.albany.edu /anthro/fac/broadwell.htm (206 words)

	Walter de Gruyter - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The second volume begins with a comprehensive description of grammatical phenomena as seen from dependency and valency viewpoints.
		This is followed by chapters on the application of dependency and valency concepts in computer-based language processing.
		The remaining chapters deal with contrastive linguistics, grammaticography, lexicography, historical linguistics and other areas of linguistic research in which dependency and valency play a significant role.
	www.degruyter.de /rs/bookSingle.cfm?id=IS-9783110171525-1&fg=SK&l=E (196 words)

	Professor Wolfgang Teubert
		He is now research professor in corpus linguistics, teaching and supervising postgraduate students in corpus linguistics and in related fields.
		Wolfgang's main interests are the philosophy of language, applications of corpus linguistics in multilingual language technology and translation, semantic change and critical discourse analysis.
		He is the editor of the International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, and he is (together with M.A.K. Halliday, Colin Yallop, and Anna Cermakova) co-author of Lexicology and Corpus Linguistics: an Introduction (Continuum 2004).
	www.english.bham.ac.uk /who/teubert.htm (126 words)

	Tutorials
		Special attention and space will be devoted to the notion of valency (both verbal and nominal), which is an important part of the annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank at the tectogrammatical level.
		The PDT-Vallex valency dictionary and its relation to the morphological and syntactic annotation of the corpus will be described in detail.
		Examples of valency dictionary and the annotated structures (taken from Czech and English, at least) will be presented throughout the tutorial.
	lml.bas.bg /ranlp2005/tutorials.htm (1396 words)

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