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February 28

	Valentinian I - LoveToKnow 1911
		VALENTINIAN I., Roman emperor of the West from A.D. 364 to 375, was born at Cibalis, in Pannonia.
		Valentinian attacked them at Solicinium (Sulz in the Neckar valley or Schwetzingen) with a large army, and defeated them with great slaughter, but his own losses were so considerable that he abandoned the idea of following up his success.
		After his death, his son, Valentinian Ii., an infant of four years of age, with his half-brother Gratian a lad of about seventeen, became the emperors of the West.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Valentinian_I (990 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Valentinian I
		Valentinian was determined to bring the Alamanni under Roman power once and for all, and spent the winter of 367/8 gathering a huge army for a spring offensive.
		Valentinian deliberately polarized Roman society, subordinating the civilian population to the military.
		According to Sozomen, Valentinian was dismissed from the military by Julian, instead of Constantius II, for refusing to perform a pagan ritual at a pagan shrine.
	www.roman-emperors.org /vali.htm (5552 words)

	Valentinian I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Valentinian I (321 - November 17, 375) was a Roman Emperor (364 - 375).
		As Western Roman Emperor, Valentinian took Italy, Illyricum, Spain, the Gauls, Britain and Africa, leaving to Eastern Roman Emperor Valens the eastern half of the Balkan peninsula, Greece, Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor as far as Persia.
		If Valentinian was hard and exacting in the matter of taxes, he spent them in the defence and improvement of his dominions, not in idle show or luxury.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Valentinian_I (805 words)

	Valentinian I
		On Jovian's death Valentinian was proclaimed emperor (26 Feb., 364), and at once ha appointed his brother Valens ruler of the East.
		Though a sincere Christian, Valentinian generally abstained from interfering in religious questions, unless public interests forced him to act; probably in his endeavours to observe impartiality, he bestowed more favours on the Arians and heathens; his conduct contrasted strongly with that of Valens who ardently supported the Arians.
		Constantius had formerly applied the property of the pagan temples to Christian churches, and Julian had given the church property to the temples, but Valentinian claimed all this transferred property, possibly from a desire of wealth, as well as from a wish to be impartial to all religions and also to reduce public taxation.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/v/valentinian_i.html (537 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 2 - Chapter XXV Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Valentinian was the son of Count Gratian, a native of Cibalis, in Pannonia, who from an obscure condition had raised himself, by matchless strength and dexterity, to the military commands of Africa and Britain; from which he retired with an ample fortune and suspicious integrity.
		At length, when the hour was supposed to be propitious, Valentinian showed himself from a lofty tribunal; the judicious choice was applauded; and the new prince was solemnly invested with the diadem and the purple, amidst the acclamation of the troops, who were disposed in martial order round the tribunal.
		Their angry clamors subsided into silent reverence; and Valentinian, encompassed with the eagles of the legions, and the various banners of the cavalry and infantry, was conducted, in warlike pomp, to the palace of Nice.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanEmpire-2/chap47.html (2635 words)

	c. From the Death of Julian to the Death of Valentinian III. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		From the Death of Julian to the Death of Valentinian III.
		Valentinian died on an expedition against the Quadi and Sarmatians (Nov. 17).
		Gratian appointed as co-Augustus for the east, Theodosius, son of Valentinian's magister equitum.
	www.bartleby.com /67/264.html (258 words)

	Valentinian
		The division was such that the diocese of Pannoniae and everything west of it, was under control of Valentinian, the rest of the Balkans and the east fell to Valens.
		Valentinian quickly saw the need to strengthen the military in order to deal with the enormous threats arisen in the north.
		Realizing the need to be close to the points of crisis Valentinian moved his headquarters to Lutetia (Paris) and in AD 367 yet further north to Samarobriva (Amiens) from where he oversaw operations on teh Rhine and directed campaigns in Britain against Saxons and Picts invading the British provinces.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/valentinian-I.html (915 words)

	Rome - Vol II, Chapter XXV, Part 4
		Valentinian then ascended his tribunal; and, as if he disdained to punish cowardice with death, he inflicted a stain of indelible ignominy on the officers, whose misconduct and pusillanimity were found to be the first occasion of the defeat.
		Valentinian, with affected reluctance, yielded to their entreaties; the Batavians resumed their arms, and with their arms, the invincible resolution of wiping away their disgrace in the blood of the Alemanni.
		Under the reign of Valentinian, the maritime provinces of Gaul were afflicted by the Saxons: a military count was stationed for the defence of the sea-coast, or Armorican limit; and that officer, who found his strength, or his abilities, unequal to the task, implored the assistance of Severus, master-general of the infantry.
	www.cca.org /cm/rome/vol2/ch2504.html (3355 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Valentinian II
		Valentinian II was consul in 376 and again in 378 with Valens.
		Valentinian’s power was further undermined in 383 Magnus Maximus, who was possibly the comes Britanniae, crossed into Gaul, killed Gratian, and put forth a claim to a share of the imperial title.
		Justina persuaded Valentinian to sanctify the Arian bishop Auxentius’ takeover of one of Ambrose’s churches.
	www.roman-emperors.org /valenii.htm (1447 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Valentinian I
		Valentinian was proclaimed emperor (26 Feb., 364), and at once he appointed his brother Valens ruler of the East.
		Valentinian at Solicinium, but with heavy Roman losses.
		Valentinian was affable and kind, but vain; he was a courageous, skilful soldier, and was ready to profess his faith openly when called upon; he wished to restore matters to the
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15254c.htm (644 words)

	Valentinian III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate the marriage of Valentinian III to Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II.
		Ravenna was Valentinian's usual residence; but he fled to Rome on the approach of Attila, who, after ravaging the north of Italy, died in the following year (453).
		Our chief original sources for the reign of Valentinian III are Prosper's Chronicles, Jordanes whose Gothic History was written in the 6th century, and the poet Sidonius Apollinaris.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Valentinian_III (420 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 3 - Chapter XXXIII Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		She was averse to a marriage, which had been stipulated without her consent; and the brave Constantius, as a noble reward for the tyrants whom he had vanquished, received, from the hand of Honorius himself, the struggling and the reluctant hand of the widow of Adolphus.
		Valentinian, when he received the title of Augustus, was no more than six years of age; and his long minority was intrusted to the guardian care of a mother, who might assert a female claim to the succession of the Western empire.
		Carthage and the Roman garrisons returned with their general to the allegiance of Valentinian; but the rest of Africa was still distracted with war and faction; and the inexorable king of the Vandals, disdaining all terms of accommodation, sternly refused to relinquish the possession of his prey.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanEmpire-3/chap26.html (3170 words)

	AllRefer.com - Valentinian III (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Valentinian III 419–55, Roman emperor of the West (425–55).
		Valentinian's mother, Galla Placidia, was regent during his minority, but from 433 to 454 the general Aetius was the actual ruler in the West.
		Valentinian proved an indolent and ineffectual ruler, although he supported the efforts of Pope Leo I (see Leo I, Saint) to enforce ecclesiastical order in the West.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Valentn3.html (300 words)

	Valentinian I - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Valentinian I, 321-75, Roman emperor of the West (364-75).
		After the death of Jovian, Valentinian was proclaimed emperor; he appointed his brother Valens coregent in the East.
		Valentinian defeated the Alemanni several times, and his general Theodosius successfully defended the empire in Britain and in Africa.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Valentn1.html (1045 words)

	Valentinian II
		Valentinian II was born at Treviri in AD 371, the son of Valentinian and Justina, as the half-brother to Gratian.
		Realizing that the four your old Valentinian II was an innocent part in these events, Gratian didn't take offence and remained kind toward the child, overseeing his education and allotted him, at least in theory, the dominions of Italiae, Africa and Pannoniae.
		Valentinian II was still a young child, too young by far to play any role, when Valens met his end at the fateful battle of Adrianople.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/valentinian-II.html (570 words)

	Rome - Vol II, Chapter XXV, Part 7
		151 Valentinian, who was flattered by these demonstrations of their loyalty and gratitude, imprudently asked the deputy of Epirus, a Cynic philosopher of intrepid sincerity, 152 whether he was freely sent by the wishes of the province.
		Valentinian was about fifty-four years of age; and he wanted only one hundred days to accomplish the twelve years of his reign.
		On the sixth day after the death of Valentinian, the infant prince of the same name, who was only four years old, was shown, in the arms of his mother, to the legions; and solemnly invested, by military acclamation, with the titles and ensigns of supreme power.
	www.cca.org /cm/rome/vol2/ch2507.html (940 words)

	Valentinian I - Portrait Gallery of Roman Emperors on Coins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Valentinian was born in AD321 at Cibalis (modern Vinkovci) in southern Pannonia.
		Valentinian wished to help his brother on the eastern frontiers but he had to remain in the west when many of the Gallic cities begged him for help.
		Valentinian was the last emperor to really concentrate his resources on the military crises in the west.
	www.24carat.co.uk /valentiniani.html (979 words)

	AllRefer.com - Valentinian I (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Valentinian I[val´´untin´Eun] Pronunciation Key, 321–75, Roman emperor of the West (364–75).
		After the death of Jovian, Valentinian was proclaimed emperor; he appointed his brother Valens coregent in the East.
		Valentinian defeated the Alemanni several times, and his general Theodosius successfully defended the empire in Britain and in Africa.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Valentn1.html (240 words)

	Augustine \| Samizdata.net
		Valentinian tolerated all sects of Christian (bar the Manichees) and even allowed the traditional pagan rituals to take place in the Senate House in Rome - the alter of Victory remained in place, and the Vestal Virgins and the other ancient Roman priesthoods continued.
		Valentinian was not a half hearted Christian - he had been an open Christian during the time of the pagan Emperor Julian (when being a Christian was not exactly a good strategy for promotion).
		Valentinian's own brother (the Emperor of the East - Valens) persecuted Christians that held to a different point of view to himself (as Valens was an Arian this meant persecuting people who held what later became the mainstream point of view).
	www.samizdata.net /blog/archives/003149.html (2805 words)

	Gratian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He was the son of Valentinian I by and was born at Sirmium in Pannonia.
		On the death of Valentinian (November 17, 375), the troops in Pannonia proclaimed his infant son (by a second wife) emperor under the title of Valentinian II.
		Gratian acquiesced in their choice; reserving for himself the administration of the Gallic provinces, he handed over Italy, Illyria and Africa to Valentinian and his mother, who fixed their residence at Milan.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Gratian (488 words)

	[No title]
		My fool brother, Emperor Valentinian III, may banish me to this godforsaken place, but I am proud of what I accomplished and my deeds will never be forgotten I was born in the year 416 or 417.
		Valentinian was, for once, moved to care about something other than sport.
		Valentinian was overcome with panic; I could almost taste the victory that would be mine in just a few short months.
	www.bitsofhistory.com /ace/essays_03/School06.doc (1356 words)

	Valentinian I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Valentinian I Emperor A. After the death of the Roman Emperor Jovian, Valentinian was raised to the throne by the soldiers at Nicaea.
		His son was nevertheless able to forgive Valentinian’s young son Gratian in his hour of need and become his co-emperor and protector when asked to do so.
		Valentinian died in the year A. 375 after having received a deputation of Quadi to discuss making a treaty.
	users2.ev1.net /~legionary/mainevent/coins/ValentinianI.html (274 words)

	Articles - Valens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Valentinian was aware that the empire was too large and dangerous to govern alone.
		As Western Roman Emperor, Valentinian took Italy, Illyrium, Spain, Gaul, Britain and Africa, leaving to Eastern Roman Emperor Valens the eastern half of the Balkan peninsula, Greece, Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor as far east as Persia.
		Valentinian’s two sons and Valen’s nephews, Gratian and Valentinian II were evelated to Augusti by the imperial troops in Pannonia upon his death.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Valens?mySession=343736e6a308b6cd6b09a0d3bd8db817 (2811 words)

	Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		C200 Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon, demands that the bishop of Rome dismiss the presbyter Florinus on the grounds that he is a Valentinian.
		Valentinian writings among those buried by monks at Nag Hamadi to hide them from Catholic authorities.
		Approximately one third of the 51 writings in the library derive from the Valentinian school.
	essenes.net /valenc.html (508 words)

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