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Topic: Valerianaceae

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	Valerianaceae
		The calyx of species of Valerianaceae is either persistent (leafy, as in Nardostachys; reduced to small teeth, as in Fedia and Valerianella; or pappus-like, as in Centranthus and species of Valeriana) or completely lacking.
		The link between Valerianaceae and Dipsacaceae is further supported by simple vessel perforations, modification of calyx lobes, and reduction in the amount of endosperm (Judd et al., 1994; Backlund, 1996b; Manchester and Donoghue, 1995).
		Bell, C. (2004a): Preliminary phylogeny of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Valerianaceae (1594 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Valerianaceae: Family treatment from Trees and Shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador
		Valerianaceae: Information/Images from the University of Hawaii - Manoa)
		Valerianaceae: holdings from Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Conservatory - University of Connecticut
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Valerianaceae (198 words)

	Valerianaceae - Valerian Family
		The family Valerianaceae is primarily a north temperate family, but has a substantial representation in the mountains of South America.
		Most members of the Valerianaceae, and all ours, are herbaceous in habit but there are a few shrubs in the family and, in South America, some cushion plants.
		A few species are used for perfumes and dyes; for instance, spikenard is Nardostachys jatamansii, a Himalayan member of the Valerianaceae.
	montana.plant-life.org /families/Valerianaceae.htm (398 words)

	Dipsacales
		Note that the small families recently recognised in Dipsacales are a consequence of maintaining the well known Dipsacaceae and Valerianaceae in their old circumscriptions - the small clades resulting from the break-up of the old, broadly-circumscribed Caprifoliaceae remained unaccounted for.
		Valerianaceae are often foetid herbs with opposite, sometimes connate leaves and rather small flowers.
		Crown-group Valerianaceae may be 60-55 myo (Bell and Donoghue 2005a), but diversification in the Andean paramo - ca 1/7 of the family - happened less than 5 mya (Bell and Donoghue 2005b).
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/dipsacalesweb.htm (3259 words)

	Patent 6,383,526
		One objective of the present invention is to provide a process by which valerenic acid and its derivatives (e.g., acetoxyvalerenic acid and hydroxyvalerenic acid) are isolated in an extract of the roots of plants of the Valerianaceae family.
		In another embodiment of the invention, the amount of total valerenic acids or of a specific valerenic acid may be a marker for the strength/potency of the extract.
		As used herein, the term "valerian extracts" most generally refers to the composition isolated from the roots of plants of the Valerianaceae family according to a specified extraction procedure, and preferably refers to the composition isolated from the roots of valerian or Valeriana officinalis L. according to a specified extraction procedure.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2002/May2002/050702/6383526_Valerian050702.htm (4435 words)

	[No title]
		In particular, I have a great interests in Valerianaceae and Dipsacales (in collaboration w/ Michael Donoghue and Richard Winkworth, Yale University), and in the origin and early evolution of flowering plants (with Pam and Doug Soltis, University of Florida, and Taylor Feild, University of Toronto).
		Of the 250 species of Valerianaceae, approximately 150 occur in the Andes of South America.
		Bell, C. Preliminary phylogeny of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data.
	www.phylodiversity.net /cbell/plantsystematics.html (631 words)

	PBIO 450 Lecture Notes - Asteridae -- Spring 1999
		This family differs from Valerianaceae (sen. str.) by having flowers arranged in compact heads with each flowering bearing a double epicalyx below the calyx (fide, Takhtajan, 1997).
		An epicalyx is also found in the related families Dipsacaceae and Morinaceae, but neither is as similar to that of Valerianaceae as Triplostegiaceae.
		Developing evidence suggests that the Valerianaceae are related to the Caprifoliaceae via the Linnaeaceae, a fact recognized long ago by Wilkinson (Amer.
	www.life.umd.edu /emeritus/reveal/PBIO/pb450/aste17.html (309 words)

	Dipsacales
		In Valerianaceae, the unusual fruits ("wing" on the ovary) of Patrinia have been documented from the Miocene to Pliocene of Poland and Russia (Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1967), as well as from the late Miocene of Japan (Ozaki, 1980).
		This study demonstrates the wide range of divergence times that can be obtained using different methods and data sets, and cautions against reliance on age estimates based on only a single gene or methodology.
		For Dipsacaceae, Caputo and Cozzolino (1994) analyzed morphological characters, Mayer and Ehrendorfer (1999, 2000) presented phylogenetic hypothesis for Scabiosa and Pterocephalus and their relatives, and studies are underway using trnL, matK, ITS (Bell and Donoghue, unpublished data) In all, nearly 300 species have now been included in one or another phylogenetic analysis.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Dipsacales (2167 words)

	Valeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		It has, however, only 13 genera so, not surprising, despite its concentration in the northern hemisphere, only two genera are found in northern Utah.
		Many members of the Valerianaceae have a distinctive odor when dry (cannot say I have noticed it, but I have not smelled a lot of them).
		The odor reflects the presence of valerianic acid (wonder where it got that name) and its derivatives.
	herbarium.usu.edu /taxa/Valeria.html (487 words)

	GfBS -Org. Divers. Evol. 5, Electr. Suppl. 9 (2005) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Phylogeny and biogeography of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) with special reference to the South American valerians.
		Species of Valerianaceae are a common component of the alpine flora throughout the Northern Hemisphere as well as the Andes of South America.
		Regardless of the method and fossil constraints applied, our estimates suggest that Valerianaceae colonized South America prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.
	senckenberg.uni-frankfurt.de /odes/05-09.htm (234 words)

	IAPT International Association for Plant Taxonomy - TAXON Summeries 46_21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Pollen of Triplostegia, investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, is similar to that of both Dipsacaceae and Valerianaceae.
		Presence of numerous branched and bent columellae as well as an aperture margin structure resembling the halo found in Valerianaceae indicates a closer relationship to the Valerianaceae.
		A sister-group relationship between Triplostegia and the Valerianaceae is furthermore supported by other studies of molecular and morphological data.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/ibc99/iapt/46_021.htm (162 words)

	GfBS -Org. Divers. Evol. 5, Electr. Suppl. 9 (2005) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Sequence data from three chloroplast markers (psbA-trnH intron, trnK-matK intron, and the trnL-F region) along with the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to infer relationships within Valerianaceae.
		Valerianaceae appear to have originated in Asia, probably in the Himalayas, and subsequently to have dispersed several times to Europe and to the New World.
		A variety of methods were used to estimate divergence times to determine when Valerianaceae might have colonized South America.
	www.senckenberg.de /odes/05-09.htm (234 words)

	Yale Peabody Museum: Botany: Current Research: Phylogeography in the Cretan Area
		This project is sponsored by the Stavros S. Niarchos Foundation and promotes a collaboration between the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and the Natural History Museum of Crete.
		Given the degree of endemism within these groups, the proposed research provides an ideal starting point to formulate hypotheses on the historical biogeography of the Cretan area, and assess whether these small islands have acted more as refugia rather than evolutionary laboratories.
		Therefore, it is possible that elements in the Campanulaceae, Dipsacaceae and Valerianaceae could represent palaeorelicts of the continent having differentiated before the splitting up of the Aegean landmass, which have since been conserved in restricted habitats.
	www.peabody.yale.edu /collections/bot/bot_crete.html (483 words)

	Spikenard
		Attributes on utility and scarcity of Valerianaceae in India.
		Valerianaceae is a medicinally important family, many members of which possess stimulatingproperties and constitute the drugs used in indigenous systems with great ethnobotanical diversity.
		For example, the dried rhizomes and roots of Nardostachys jatamansi (Indian spikenard) and Valeriana jatamansi (Indian valerian) have been used for a long time for the treatment of hysteria, epilepsy and asthma, and are currently used in medicine as carminatives, sedatives, antispasmodics and tranquillizers.
	members.aol.com /ratrani/spikenard.html (856 words)

	Phylogeny of Valerianaceae based on matK and ITS markers, with reference to matK individual polymorphism -- HIDALGO et ...
		Phylogeny of Valerianaceae based on matK and ITS markers, with reference to matK individual polymorphism -- HIDALGO et al.
		Valerianaceae (excluding Triplostegia) are monophyletic (BS = 91%, DI = 3) (Fig.
		Xena de Enrech N, Mathez J. Genetic control of fruit polymorphism in the genus Fedia (Valerianaceae) in the light of dimorphic and trimorphic populations of F.
	aob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/3/283 (4041 words)

	Bell, Charles D.* and Michael J. Donoghue. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Ten new DNA sequences of the 5’ end of the chloroplast ndhF gene, along with 5 new rbcL sequences, were obtained for taxa representing Caprofoliaceae, Valerianaceae, and Dipsacaceae.
		There is strong support for the monophyly of traditional Dipsacales and for Adoxaceae (including Viburnum, Sambucus, and Adoxa) and Caprifoliaceae (including Morinaceae, Valerianaceae, and Dipsacaceae).
		For example, Tetradoxa and Sinadoxa are related to Adoxa, and Linnaeeae are monophyletic and united with a clade including Morinaceae, Valerianaceae, and Dipsacaceae.
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/botany2000/section13/abstracts/169.shtml (222 words)

	Search Results for valerianaceae - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		(species Valerianella olitoria), weedy plant of the family Valerianaceae, native to southern Europe but widespread in grainfields in Europe and North America.
		The order Dipsacales consists of four families (the Caprifoliaceae, Valerianaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Adoxaceae) and are Asteridae in having an inferior (or partly inferior) ovary and opposite or...
		Some plant species produce two or more sharply defined types of seeds that differ in appearance (colour), shape, size, internal structure, or dormancy.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=valerianaceae&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (190 words)

	Bente Eriksen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The Valerianaceae has a Laurasian origin and proliferated in South America in relatively recent time, i.
		Eriksen, B. Notes on generic and infrageneric delimitation in the Valerianaceae.
		Eriksen, B. Taxonomical studies in the Polygalaceae and Valerianaceae.
	www.systbot.gu.se /staff/beneri/welcome.html (1106 words)

	PBIO 450 Lecture Notes - Asteridae -- Spring 1999
		Cronquist (1988) defines the order so as consisting of four families and about 970 species, the majority of which are all fairly even divided among three families: Caprifoliaceae (400 species), Valerianaceae (300 species) and Dipsacaceae (270 species).
		Reveal (1997) has accepted Takhtajan's (1997) recent establishment of the Dipsacanae as distinct from the Aralianae where Thorne (1997) currently retains the order in a terminal position after his Pittosporales and Araliales.
		In his arrangement, Takhtajan divides the superorder into three orders, the Viburnales (Viburnaceae), Adoxales (Sambucaceae and Adoxaceae), and the Dipsacales (Caprifoliaceae, Valerianaceae, Triplostegiaceae, Dipsacaceae and Morinaceae).
	www.life.umd.edu /emeritus/reveal/PBIO/pb450/aste16.html (1036 words)

	Valerianaceae (Valerian Family)
		The native members of Valerianaceae in the Bay Area are small herbaceous annuals with 4-angled stems, opposite leaves, and clustered inflorences.
		The flowers have a 5-lobed corolla that is two-lipped, usually with a sac-like spur and 3 stamens.
		They are not too common on Montara Mountain, but can be found in great numbers along the more forested creeks in southern San Mateo County
	plants.montara.com /ListPages/FamPages/Valeriana.html (249 words)

	western valerian, Valeriana occidentalis (Dipsacales: Valerianaceae) @ Invasive.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		western valerian, Valeriana occidentalis (Dipsacales: Valerianaceae) @ Invasive.org
		Magnoliopsida > Dipsacales > Valerianaceae > Valeriana occidentalis Heller
		Invasive.org is a joint project of The Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ.
	www.invasive.org /browse/subimages.cfm?sub=12304 (69 words)

	Page 50
		Valeriana uliginosa (swamp valerian) 486 -- pale or pink or white fls; cor 5-7 mm; ODL fewer lobes Valerianaceae (valerian) -- Valeriana, Valerianella Valerianella locusta (corn salad) Valerianaceae ((5) 0 3 1 epi perf or unisex) 486 -- lvs toothed, sessile
		Valerianella umbilicata Valerianaceae ((5) 0 3 1 epi perf or unisex) 487 -- lvs entire, sessile
		Vallisneria americana (water celery) Hydrocharitaceae (3 3 2 stamens 3 staminodia 3 bifid stigmas unisex, hypanthium) 607 -- quiet water
	nynjctbotany.org /NYPL/PL50.html (575 words)

	Definition of valerianaceae - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		valerianaceae is one of more than 1,000,000 entries available at Merriam-WebsterUnabridged.com.
		For More Information on "valerianaceae" go to Britannica.com
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "valerianaceae"
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=Valerianaceae (82 words)

	Centranthus ruber (Valerianaceae) - Plants of Hawaii: SCREEN IMAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Centranthus ruber (Valerianaceae) - Plants of Hawaii: SCREEN IMAGE
		HEAR > Starr > Plants of Hawaii > Image Index > Thumbnails > Screen > Hires
		Page created November 01, 2002 by Starr, and last updated August 04, 2005 by Starr.
	www.hear.org /starr/hiplants/images/600max/html/starr_030805_0036_centranthus_ruber.htm (98 words)

	Flora USSR,Bignoniaceae Valerianaceae Books,Flora Science Books,USSR Biononiaceae Publishing House,Flora Book Printing ...
		Flora USSR,Bignoniaceae Valerianaceae Books,Flora Science Books,USSR Biononiaceae Publishing House,Flora Book Printing Company India
		Describes species belonging to the families Bignoniaceae to Valerianaceae.
		The family Orobanchaceae, initially treated by the late I.V. Novopokrovsky, was revised at the request of the editor.
	www.scipub.net /floras/flora-ussr-v-23.html (149 words)

	Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Valerianaceae: Fedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida: Valerianaceae: Fedia
		Home : Science : Biology : Flora and Fauna : Plantae : Magnoliophyta : Magnoliopsida : Valerianaceae : Fedia (1)
		Help build the largest human-edited directory on the Web.
	www.deerlakesearch.com /default?p=81891 (76 words)

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