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Topic: Valide Sultan

	The Ottoman harem - All About Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The size fluctuated frequently since when the Sultan's sons left the harem at the ages of fourteen to sixteen, they were given their servants from the harem to accompany them to the provinces in which they were given governship.
		The Sultan and his mothers' greed was not the only cause of coin clipping; as the size of the harem increased, the stipends and expenditures of the harem also increased.
		The entire Sultanic policy of withdrawing from active campaigning and leadership of the Janissary corps led to dissension within the army as the soldiers were not being allowed to battle and capture booty and treasures for both themselves and the state treasuries.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /harem.htm (6674 words)

	Ottoman complexes in Istanbul
		It is important from the standpoint of being the first building Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror had built after the conquest of Istanbul.It was built in the name of Ebu Eyyub el-Ensari in 1458.
		Central dome in the main space of the building is supported by half domes in the north and the south and by adding triangular domed sections in varying dimensions in the east and the west, thus, a bright and spacious internal appearance in obtained.
		Sultan Mahmud I had it initiated in 1748 and it was completed by Architect Mustafa Aga and Foreman Simon in 1755 during the period of Osman III.
	www.turizm.net /cities/istanbul/ottomancomplex.html (978 words)

	Ottoman Women and the Visual Arts
		The valide sultan's quarters were centrally situated, as she was the head of the harem and from here could supervise both the family apartments and those belonging to servants and administrators.
		This complex helps illustrate that, overall, Hurrem Sultan's significance as a patron lies primarily in the fact that the extent of her visual display of status and power was unprecedented from a woman in the Ottoman dynasty.
		Kosem Maypeyker Sultan, Ahmed I's widow, was the next valide sultan to resume the construction of the complex during her son's reign, which began in 1623.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/arthistory/ah369/ottoman.html (3182 words)

	UNESCO Courier: 16th century AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The harem was a restricted enclave governed by punctilious protocol and strict rules, subject to the authority of the valide sultan, the ruling sultan's mother.
		In the middle of the sixteenth century the women of the sultan's seraglio moved into the harem of the Topkapi, a new palace which was to be the imperial residence until the nineteenth century.
		Normally girls who failed to attract the sultan were freed at the age of twenty-five, when they received a pension for life and were given in marriage to a member of the court or the clergy.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1991_Dec/ai_11864013 (1448 words)

	ICG - HISTORY AND SIGHTSEEING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Designed by architect Sinan for Nurbanu Valide Sultan, mother of Selim III, this mosque was built in 1570-79 in the Topkapi neighborhood of Üsküdar.
		Sultan Selim's son, it was built by Suleyman the Magnificent, in the Fatih neighborhood in 1522.
		The complex consists of the mosque, the shrine of Sultan Selim I, soup kitchen, university, mental hospital and dining hall.
	www.istanbulcityguide.com /history/body_mosques.htm (1328 words)

	Untitled
		The valide sultan was the most formidable challenge to a prince's mother because she was equally intent on protecting the interests of her own son, the sultan.
		This was not surprising: as the valide sultan acquired public status and a claim to legitimate authority in government, the tensions that had previously existed between father and son, an inescapable feature of their shared claim to power, were transferred to the relationship between mother and son.
		As the sultanate became more sedentary, the status of the domestic household was enhanced: not only did the valide sultan acquire greater authority, but her relationship with her son was transformed from an essentially private one into one that encompassed the whole of society.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/peirce.html (16201 words)

	The Dolmabahce Palace
		The sultan was one of the reformers of the Ottoman empire, providing salaries for government officials (to cut down on corruption), replacing the grand vizier with a prime minister, establishing a professional army, and so forth.
		Entering the first room of the sultan's bathroom, the walls are marble and the ceiling made up of little decorated cones with glass lenses for light.
		Downstairs from the Valide Sultan's reception room is a central room connecting various working rooms of the Harem.
	www.campbellholt.com /rtw2001/day09c.htm (1627 words)

	ReadingGroupGuides.com - Seraglio by Janet Wallach
		Her rise from lowly slave to valide sultan and her influence over her son, Sultan Mahmud II, one of the great reformers of the Ottoman Empire who turned Turkey toward the West, have intrigued generations of writers and scholars.
		That the sultan's mother was born a Christian was not unusual; it was her wish to die as a Christian, and her son's acceptance of it, that set her apart.
		Among the sultan's wishes were hardboiled eggs at breakfast, napoleon pastries at lunch, chocolates in the evening, and private performances in his suite by the girls from the Folies Bergères.
	www.readinggroupguides.com /guides3/seraglio2.asp (645 words)

	Harem of the Three Moons
		If the Sultan dies, and leaves no kadin or grown Heirs, the Valide Sultan will continue in the role of Valide Sultan, under the guidance of the kadin, and only until, the kadin takes Another, or the blood heir of the Sultan has reached the age of accountability.
		A chief duty of the Kadin is oversight of the Counsel of Oda.
		If permission is granted by the Sultan, a lemari may marry a free man. If after seven years of marriage and the free man remains pleased, the lemari may become a free women and thus able to serve as a Mistress.
	www.geocities.com /harem_of_the_three_moons (2469 words)

	Istanbul Mosques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Inside are the mihrab (prayer niche showing the direction to Mecca) and the mimber (pulpit) made of finely carved white marble and exquisite stained-glass windows coloring the incoming streams of light.
		It was in the gardens of this complex that Suleyman and his wife, Hurrem Sultan (Roxelane), had their mausolea built, and near here also Sinan built his own tomb.
		Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan (Dolmabahçe) Mosque: As it is understood from the inscription of Poet Ziver on the courtyard's door, Valide Sultan had started the construction of the mosque, and her son Abdülmecit had completed it on 1853.
	www.istanbulhistorichotels.com /istanbul/religiontourism.html (1605 words)

	Woman Muslim Leaders throughout the Times
		The Valide Sultan was the mother of the sultan, and had an important place in the imperial family.
		In 1652 Sultan ibn Seif of Oman drove her off the island, but for the next forty years, the Portuguese continued to maintain the upper hand and she was soon able to return to Zanzibar.
		Sultan Muhammad I. She was killed off Dunidu Island when a spark from a victory salute blew up a powder magazine, destroying the royal vessel in which she was sailing.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Muslim_Leaders.htm (7492 words)

	Yeni Cami (New Mosque), Istanbul, Turkey
		The New Mosque (Yeni Cami), in Istanbul's Eminönü district on the Golden Horn at the southern end of Galata Bridge, is officially the Mosque of the Valide Sultan (Queen Mother) because it was commissioned by Safiye, mother of Sultan Mehmet III in 1597.
		No doubt many of the workers who toiled on the Valide Sultan Camii were transferred to the Hippodrome in 1606 to begin work on the Blue Mosque.
		The Valide Sultan Camii was then finished by their descendants three generations later.
	www.turkeytravelplanner.com /photo_galleries/istanbul_winter/photopages/004.html (207 words)

	Seraglio by Janet Wallach - read review
		Once a sultan died or was murdered, the entire harem, including the eunuchs and the valide sultan, were sent to Eski Saray- The Palace of Tears.
		It was when Sultan Mahmud came to power that Nakshidil became the valide sultan of the empire, as Nakshidil had become Mahmud's guardian when he was four.
		A former sultan had a quote inscribed in the valide's sultan's rooms of the palace, which describes what the queen mother stood for.
	mostlyfiction.com /history/wallach.htm (968 words)

	BikeAbout Trip Log: March 1-2, 1998
		If any bore a child by the sultan, she became a "haseki sultan" (if the child was a boy), or a "haseki kadin" (if the child was a girl).
		It is not hard to imagine the intrigue and maneuvering that occurred among the haseki sultan (wives who had borne the sultan a male child), as they worked to ensure that their sons became sultan, thus also ensuring themselves the role of valide sultan.
		Only the sultan and the valide sultan ("queen mother") were allowed ride through the entrance on horseback; all others were forced to dismount.
	www.bikeabout.org /journal/notes_88.htm (3687 words)

	Fountains in Turkish and Ottoman Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Hardly a sultan, sultan's mother, sultan's daughter, grand vezir, or other august personage did not endow a fountain in expression of their economic, social and political standing, and fountains became an important part of the architectural tradition.
		With the beginning of western influences on Ottoman architecture, it became common to build fountains in squares of commercial, social or ceremonial importance, often next to monumental mosques and their complexes, and situated at points where striking vistas of the city were to be obtained.
		Although the existence of an earlier example in the seventeenth century- Hatice Turhan Valide Sultan Sebil and Fountain-demonstrates that as a type it did originate prior to the eighteenth century, the fact that this is the only surviving example makes it difficult to determine how widespread such fountains were in the seventeenth century.
	www.turkishculture.org /architecture/fountains.html (2422 words)

	Safiye Sultan -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		the favourite consort of the Ottoman sultan Murad III (reigned 1574–95) and the mother of his son Mehmed III (reigned 1595–1603); she exercised a strong influence on Ottoman affairs during the reigns of both sultans.
		Mahmud of Ghazna (reigned AD 998–1030) was the first Muslim ruler to be called sultan by his contemporaries, and under the Seljuqs of Anatolia and Iran it became a regular...
		Mohammad II (Mehmed the Conqueror) (1432–81), Ottoman sultan, born in Adrianople (now Edirne); during rule (1444–46 and 1451–81), captured Constantinople and thus completed the Ottoman destruction of the Byzantine Empire; fourth son of Murad II; restored and repopulated Constantinople after capture in 1453; reorganized Ottoman administration, codified laws, encouraged scholarship...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9064722 (684 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The king would get clean at sultan bath by cariyes, they were 12 and their aim were to do whatever sultan wanted.
		Sultan Rabia Gumus had a happiness troughout the Ottoman's history that never happened for any woman.She was the Valide Sultan (King Mother) of IV.
		Her father was “ Magnificent Suleyman” Kanuni Sultan Süleyman and her mother was Hürrem Sultan cause of this she was brought up so well.She was the only daughter of Kanuni.
	www.sabunzade.com (994 words)

	Reader's Theatre: Ottoman Harem
		Hurrem - - the new concubine in the Ottoman Harem of Sultan Suleyman
		She’s the Sultan’s favorite, the bas Kadin, her son Mustafa is the heir to the throne.
		Sultans are unprepared to rule because they are kept in kufes so that they don’t give competition or danger to the present Sultan.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/play/rharem33130519.htm (2119 words)

	Various Sections of the Topkapi Palace
		The Valide Sultan's apartments, one of the principal reception rooms with an upper tier of windows and panels of landscapes and seascapes in Westernizing style, with Baroque or Rococo painted swangs, rincaeux and architectural motifs in trompe l'oeil.
		The Valide Sultan's bed chamber, with seventeenth century tile panels and gilt wooden canopy.
		The Baghdad kosk: (left) detail of a seventeenth-century tile panel (one of the finest in the building), copying the prototype on the Sunnet Odasi of Sultan Ibrahim; (right) earlier cuerda seca tiles lining the wall-niches, the decorative wooden frame of which is inlaid with ivory, tortoiseshell and mother-of-pearl.
	www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr /~history/topkapi2.html (547 words)

	Valide Sultan Konagi Hotel Istanbul - Special Rates Istanbul Hotels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Valide Sultan Konagi hotel is located right in the heart of the Ancient City, Istanbul.
		All the rooms are individually decorated with great care and finesse to reflect the refined graces of the 19th century.
		A stay in Valide Sultan Konagi is a jaunt into the past, but with modern conveniences included.
	www.kingdom-hotels.com /turkey-hotels-istanbul/valide-sultan-konagi-hotel-istanbul-hotel.htm (115 words)

	Valide Sultan Hotel Istanbul Turkey
		Valide Sultan Konagi offers its guests traditional Turkish hospitality with a warm atmosphere of the 19th century.
		Hotel Valide Sultan is located at the heartof the oldcity and just in 5 minutes walk tomajor attractions of St. Sophia, Blue Mosque,Hippodrome, Islamic Arts Museum, Topkapi Palace, Basilica Cistern and Museum of Mosaics.
		At night, the sweeping panorama glitters like all the gems in the Sultan’s treasury, and close at hand flashes the lighthouse that achieved fame through the film “Topkapi” starring Melina Mercouri, Tony Curtis and Peter Ustinoff.
	istanbul.hotelle.com /validesultanhotel.asp (509 words)

	Turkey Heads
		Also known as Maryam Khanum, Despina Hatun or Amerissa, she was daughter of Georg, Despot of Serbia, and when she was married to the Ottoman sultan Murad II in 1433 her dowry was the larger part of Serbia.
		[Fuldane Valide of caucasian origan and moteher of Mustafa I]
		The widow of Ibrahim, she had been Valide Sultan since 1648, she took over as regent for her son, Mehmed IV (1648-51-87) after her mother-in-law was killed.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /turkey_heads.htm (1172 words)

	istanbul.com - Official City Guide - İstanbul'da Yaşam Portalı (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Hotel Valide Sultan Konağı serves the guests who prize the unique ambience and charm of a bygone age - as well as comfort, care and convenience.
		The hotel is located in the heart of the Ancient City, one of the oldest, most exciting cities in the world, Istanbul.
		The facilities, amenities and services provided in the Hotel Valide Sultan Konağı are commensurate with its boutique prestige.
	english.istanbul.com /HotelDetail.asp?HotelId=119 (189 words)

	Istanbul Mosques and Churches
		The Imperial Fatih Mosque, constructed between 1462 and 1470, bears the name of the Ottoman conqueror of Istanbul, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, and is the site of his mausoleum.
		Architect of this piece of art which is constructed on 1538 in the memory of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman's wife, Hürrem Sultan, is Sinan.
		As it is understood from the inscription of Poet Ziver on the courtyard's door, Valide Sultan had started the construction of the mosque, and her son Abdülmecit had completed it on 1853.
	www.kesit.com /istanbul/Istanbulmosquesandchurches.htm (1545 words)

	T.C. Kultur Bakanligi / Ministry of Culture, Republic of Turkey
		Lower cover of the Turhan Valide Sultan Vakfiyesi, 1073 H./1662-3 A.D. Süleymaniye-Library Turhan Valide, 150 cm.
		Illuminated frontispiece from the Şerh al-Hamase prepared for Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror, 1465.
		Illuminated frontispiece from Kanun fi't-tıb prepared fo Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror, second half of 15th century.
	www.discoverturkey.com /english/yeni/cumhuriyetoncesi/kitap.html (95 words)

	Valide Mosque , Mosques , History And Attractions , Istanbul Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Valide Mosque is located on the north-west side of Aksaray Square in Fatih.
		It was built at the behest of Sultan Abdulazizs mother, Pertevniyal Valide Sultan, between 1869-1871 and was designed by the architect, Sarkis Balyan.
		During the reorganization of Aksaray Square in 1956-1959 the other parts of the complex were either destroyed or, as in the case of the public fountain, moved elsewhere.
	www.istanbul-hotels-discount.com /guide?r=3.9.106 (273 words)

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		The facilities, amenities and services provided in the Hotel Valide Sultan Konagi are commensurate with its boutique prestige, are equal to the requirements of the modern age and excel by far those offered by most hotels in this quarter of Istanbul.
	www.bookinistanbulhotels.net /validesultanhotel.asp (1117 words)

	Bezmialem Valide Sultan (Dolmabahce) Mosque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Construction of the mosque began at the behest of Sultan Abdulmecid s mother, Bezmialem Valide Sultan, but when she died, Sultan Abdulmecid took over.
		Being part of the palace complex, the mosque contains a front section in which the sovereign and state officials could worship and a two-storey section for the sovereign suitable for the public procession of the Sultan to the mosque on Fridays.
		The circular arrangement of the windows, which resembles a peacock s tail, is an unusual sight relatively unknown among the architects of mosques.
	www.istanbulperahotels.com /pera/content.php3?id=9&artid=21 (151 words)

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