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Topic: Validity psychometric

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	Validity (statistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A common approach, called criterion validity, is to correlate measures with a criterion measure known to be valid.
		Content validity, or face validity, is simply a demonstration that the items of a test are drawn from the domain being measured; it does not guarantee that the test actually measures phenomena in that domain.
		According to classical test theory, predictive or concurrent validity cannot exceed the square of the correlation between two versions of the same measure -- that is, validity cannot exceed reliability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Validity_(psychometric) (227 words)

	Validity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a logical argument, the term validity is used to determine whether a form of an argument meets a certain set of standards to be deemed valid.
		An argument is said to be valid if, for every model (m), all premises are true in (m), then the conclusion is true in (m).
		The validity of an actual argument can be determined by translating it into an argument form, and then analyzing the argument form for validity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Validity (220 words)

	Validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In logic, an argument is said to be valid if and only if the supposed truth of its premises guarantee the truth of its conclusion.
		A formula (also sentence or statement), as opposed to an argument, is said to be valid (or tautologous) if and only if it has all Ts (the truth-value true) in its truth table (refer to the truth table article).
		To determine the validity of an argument form, usually we derive a proof of it.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Validity (693 words)

	Validity (statistics) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In (A branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters) statistics a valid measure is one which is measuring what it is supposed to measure.
		When the criterion measure is collected at the same time as the measure being validated the goal is to establish concurrent validity; when the criterion is collected later the goal is to establish (Click link for more info and facts about predictive validity) predictive validity.
		Separate from criterion validity is (Click link for more info and facts about construct validity) construct validity, where an investigator examines whether a measure is related to other variables as required by theory.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/va/validity_(statistics).htm (225 words)

	NFLRC NetWorks: FREE Instructional Materials and Resources
		Validation of test inferences (validation cannot be conducted on testing instruments or procedures in isolation) must be based on the theory and data involved.
		The focus of validity is on: meaning, relevance, and utility of scores; the value implications of using scores for actions; the functional worth of scores; and the consequences of their use.
		Mishler equates this approach, using exemplars for validation, with the argument in recent validation theory that interpretation and theory are of primary import for establishing construct validity.
	nflrc.hawaii.edu /Networks/NW04/M_N.html (5795 words)

	Validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Validity is not to be confused with soundness; a sound argument is not only valid, its premises are true as well.
		Not all valid arguments are valid in the loose and popular sense of this word, meaning 'good': not all valid arguments (valid, as this term is used in logic) are good, or successful, as the above example should show.
		Validity is a basic, essential notion in logic, since it is a basic requirement for an argument to be good.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/va/Validity.htm (595 words)

	Qualitative psychological research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Qualitative analysis, however, is at the very least still descriptive research, and relevant quantitative psychometric concerns such as its reliability and validity are critical to its utility.
		Many qualitative psychological researchers reject the traditional psychometric idea of validity — that is, the idea that measures should reflect differences in other logically related measures.
		This definition, however, does not imply that conventional psychometric methods of assessing validity are not useful for this purpose, nor that they are less useful than qualitative methods.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/q/qu/qualitative_psychological_research.html (1518 words)

	Education Policy Analysis Archives: Vol. 5 No. 18 Robert Haskell "Academic Freedom, Promotion, Reappointment, Tenure ...
		Legal rulings, their implications and assumptions in relation to their accuracy and psychometric validity where SEF are integral to the denial of academic freedom, tenure, promotion, and reappointment are reviewed along with the legal principles of Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact, and the scientific Precautionary Principle in policy decisions.
		Psychometric standards of validity, reliability, and specific evaluation techniques, are rarely incorporated in state laws, regulations, or common-law standards.
		Certainly showing statistical validity of SEF is a necessary condition, but it is not a sufficient condition for understanding their meaning and for its use in administrative decisions.
	epaa.asu.edu /epaa/v5n18.html (14474 words)

	SSR Personnel Services - Press releases - 1996 VACANCY INDEX
		Psychometric testing is amongst the most contentious issue at the foreground of the recruitment process for many cleaning firms and facilities managers.
		Professor Furnham addresses the validity criticism by noting that "even though an individual faking answers on a psychometric test could seem to cause a problem, it shouldn’t threaten a strong psychometric test’s validity because the test should incorporate a lie scale to verify the honesty of the individual".
		Psychometric tests can costs anything from £25 to £150, per test to this must be added the cost of training administrators and (in many cases) or venues.
	www.ssr-personnel.com /NewPage/PR135.htm (1123 words)

	RoadMind University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The RPI was statistically validated by Psychologist Stefan Lita of the Romanian Government's Center for Psychosocial Studies in Bucharest, Romania in September 2002.
		The construct-related validity of a test is the extent to which the test may be said to measure a theoretical construct or trait.
		On the other hand, convergent validity, which is of vital importance in the assessment of the psychometric properties of a measure, requires the existence of a meaningful relationship between the new tool measures and the classical tools measures.
	www.roadmind.com /index_nn4.html (5774 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Fairness in Employment Testing: Validity Generalization, Minority Issues, and the General ...
		First, it is not immediately clear that a validity study done for a particular job title in a particular plant is applicable to the same job title in another plant; the same duties in the job description may be performed in quite different working environments by different groups of workers.
		In the present case, taking about half the variance in true validities and half the variance in the sampling error, as in the Hunter analysis, suggests (after complex computations) that the correlation of observed validities is about half the correlation of the true validities plus half the correlation between the variables.
		Jensen (1986) asserts that practical predictive validity of psychometric tests is mainly dependent on their g-loading, although he concedes that clerical speed and accuracy and spatial visualization add a significant increment to the predictive validity of the GATE for certain clerical and skilled blue collar occupations.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309040337/html/134.html (5218 words)

	validity psychometric advice and resources
		Reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the zung depression rating scale Reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the zung depression rating scale...
		Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the...
		Full text of the article, 'Psychometric properties and construct validity of a Spanish language scale for screening antisocial personality' from Social Behavior and Personality, a publication in the field of Health andamp; Fitness, is provided free of...
	www.careeradvicenetwork.co.uk /psychometric/validity-psychometric.html (1011 words)

	LAI 657 Quiz 2 Key
		In psychometrics, validity refers to the extent to which a test actually measures what it claims to measure.
		This type of validity is often the central concern when using tests of achievement in the context of instructional research.
		A crude form of content validity is so-called "face validity." For example, a test that purports to measure achievement in geometry ought to contain items that appear to be geometry items, not arithmetic computations, or chemistry, etc. Sometimes subject area experts' judgments are used to establish content validity.
	www.gse.buffalo.edu /FAS/Schroede/classes/LAI657Quiz2Key.html (919 words)

	NSSE 2002 Annual Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Validity is arguably the most important property of an assessment tool.
		For example, factor analysis (principal components extraction with oblique rotation) is an empirical approach to establishing construct validity (Kerlinger, 1973).
		These analyses are based on 3,226 students at 12 institutions in spring, 1999, 12,472 students at 56 institutions in fall 1999, 63,517 students at 276 institutions in spring 2000, 89,917 students at 321 institutions in spring 2001, and 118,355 students at 366 institutions in spring 2002.
	indiana.edu /~nsse/2002_annual_report/html/conceptual_psychometric.htm (603 words)

	[No title]
		Essentially, they were updating their views of internal and external validity and saw construct validity as a subset of external validity.
		For instance, in validation studies of diagnostic criteria for test anxiety, there is a considerable amount of what Cook and Campbell (1979) call "ambiguity in the direction of causal inference." Inverse correlations between the various anxiety instruments and grade-point-average or Graduate-Record-Examination scores are often touted as evidence for concurrent validity.
		Discriminant validity is evidenced by the failure of the treatments to produce illogical effects.
	horan.asu.edu /d-cv-apa.htm (5000 words)

	ANA Continuing Education \| Outcomes Measurement Using the ANA Safety and Quality Indicators: page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Of utmost importance is the assurance of instrument validity and reliability.
		Validity refers to whether the instrument is measuring what it is supposed to measure and is generally determined by a panel of experts.
		One form of validity is called content validity where a panel of experts will reach consensus that the items on the instrument are measuring what they are supposed to measure.
	www.nursingworld.org /mods/archive/mod72/ceom2.htm (850 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Reliability, Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Translation of the Center ...
		The aim of the current study was to assess the reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression Scale (CES-D).
		Psychometric properties reported are generally favourable [51], but data on the criterion validity of the CES-D in elderly community-based samples are not sufficient.
		The Italian validation study [67] was carried out in northern Italy with 40 depressives and 40 matched normals and showed that the CES-D is a valid measure in that it sensitively discriminates between depressed patients and normals and presents satisfactory correlations with the observer rating scale (HRSD) in both groups.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-244X/1/3 (4580 words)

	TEAC - Teacher Education Accreditation Council
		Valid assessment of learning: The Inquiry Brief conveys to TEAC and to the field how faculty has substantiated the aims it has made about the candidates.
		In a qualitative design, validity is a function of triangulation where multiple sources of data suggest converging interpretations of the extent to which the faculty claims are substantiated.
		Validity of interpretations of data: In modern psychometric views, validity is not a property of a data set.
	www.teac.org /glossary/uvwgloss.asp (407 words)

	Evidence-Based Rating of Upper-Extremity Motor Function Tests Used for People Following a Stroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In his review, he indicated whether the degree of validity, reliability, and sensitivity of tests was known; which test domains were covered (eg, impairment or specific [focal] disability); and whether the test was composed of a battery of tasks.
		Because of the latter variations, strong psychometric properties of measurements for one population should not be considered supportive for populations with different diagnoses.
		Clinicians and researchers are encouraged to become familiar with the meanings of the different psychometric properties and to decide which are more important for their applications and whether the statistics used in a given study were appropriate.
	www.ptjournal.org /PTJournal/Jan2004/v84n1p62.cfm (5227 words)

	Psychometric Properties of Tests Validity
		-test may be a valid measure for something, but probably not the construct you are assessing.
		test possesses content validity to the extent that it provides an adequate representation of construct you are trying to measure.
		-it is possible to have reliability without validity, but it is impossible to demonstrate that an unreliable test is valid.
	courseweb.edteched.uottawa.ca /PSY1102C/Lectures/psychometric.htm (1018 words)

	Journal of Literacy Research: Book review: The tyranny of educational testing and the ethics of responsibility
		They criticize traditional notions of psychometric validity - the processes and outcomes of content, criterion-related, and construct validation - because they are based on statistical similarities in categorizing data, and hence people, and ignore the personal, social, and behavioral aspects of reading that can also count as evidence.
		They argue, "By focusing on inferences and interpretations, the concept of test validity is more of a social process - a process that requires deliberation rather than mechanical compliance, a process that is open to contestation, a process in which all the parties need to be given room for their voices" (p.
		We recognize that words such as "test validity" and "voices" elicit polarizing emotional reactions among reading educators, but Fragile Evidence is not just another rhetorical battle in the current"reading wars," nor is it an outdated attack on psychometric concepts of validity.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3785/is_199909/ai_n8857322 (1271 words)

	Quality of Life: A Closer Look at Measuring Patients' Well-Being
		Too often, it seems, the validity and reliability of QoL instruments are taken at face value, partly as a consequence of the fact that funding opportunities for psychometric research are limited.
		Validity refers to the question of whether an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.
		Sometimes, discriminative validity is referred to as "extreme groups validity," reflecting the instruments' ability to classify or discriminate between distinct groups of patients on the basis of differences in scores.
	journal.diabetes.org /diabetesspectrum/00v13n1/pg24.htm (4154 words)

	AIDSQuest: the HIV/AIDS Survey Library—Summaries/HIV Stigma Scale
		Psychometric analysis was performed on 318 questionnaires (19 percent women, 21 percent African American, 8 percent Hispanic).
		Construct validity was supported by relationships with related constructs: self-esteem, depression, social support, and social conflict.
		The HIV Stigma Scale was reliable and valid with a large, diverse sample of people with HIV.
	www.popcouncil.org /horizons/AIDSQuest/summaries/ssstigmascale.html (242 words)

	[No title]
		v úú>Validity and Accommodations: Psychometric and Policy Perspectives University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland A conference hosted by the Department of Measurement, Statistics and Evaluation and the Center for the Study of Assessment Validity and Evaluation, University of Maryland.
		Summary Dissatisfaction with the validity of test results for an increasingly diverse population of test takers has led to the widespread use of testing accommodations.
		It is anticipated that conference presentations will include discussions about: New psychometric models and concepts addressing the validity and comparability of accommodated and non-accommodated scores.
	www.education.umd.edu /EDMS/courses/Conf2003.doc (305 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Reliability, validity and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the zung ...
		The ZDRS-Greek translation is both reliable and valid and is suitable for clinical and research use with satisfactory properties.
		For the purpose of exploring the psychometric properties of the ZDRS, two studies were done using subjects from two markedly different socio-cultural settings: 213 male and female drug addicts in New York City and 206 male and female undergraduates in Nigeria.
		The Greek translation of the ZDRS scale is both reliable and valid and is suitable for clinical and research use with satisfactory properties.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-244X/1/6 (3242 words)

	The Career Key - Professional Resources - Harmful Career "Assessments" on the Internet
		Are they valid measures?" Unfortunately, the answer in most cases is "No." In fact, most of these new measures are probably harmful.
		Knowing that (a) it takes years and substantial funds to develop a valid career measure, and (b) that most of these measures have appeared recently -- it is likely that most of them are invalid and harmful.
		If individuals are being asked to assess their values, interests, or personality to match with occupations – it is a career test, and it should meet professional standards for its validity and reliability.
	www.careerkey.org /asp/professional_resources/harmful_assessments.asp (1050 words)

	Comp 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Convergent validity refers to "The degree to which a test correlates
		To assess the convergent and divergent validity of a hypothetical
		to have moderate to high correlations which is evidence of convergent validity.
	www.testconstruction.com /comp_12.htm (642 words)

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