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Topic: Valles Marineris

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	Mars Exploration: Multimedia
		Valles Marineris, or Mariner Valley, is a vast canyon system that runs along the Martian equator just east of the Tharsis region.
		Most researchers agree that Valles Marineris is a large tectonic "crack" in the Martian crust, forming as the planet cooled, affected by the rising crust in the Tharsis region to the west, and subsequently widened by erosional forces.
		Mosaic of the Valles Marineris hemisphere of Mars
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/atlas/valles-marineris.html (199 words)

	Mars Odyssey Mission THEMIS: Feature Image: Valles Marineris, a Martian Rift Zone
		Valles Marineris began to open in response to a slow, irresistible pull.
		Northwest of Valles Marineris, a similar flood emerged from a depression called Echus Chasma to form the Kasei Valles outflow channel.
		Whatever the story of Valles Marineris turns out to be, resolving these and other mysteries will give scientists a much better look at the history of this little red world next door to Earth.
	themis.asu.edu /feature_vallesmosaic (1541 words)

	Valles Marineris - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Valles Marineris is located along the equator of Mars, on the east side of the Tharsis Bulge and stretches for nearly a fourth of the planet’s circumference.
		Most researchers agree that Valles Marineris is a large tectonic "crack" in the Martian crust, forming as the planet cooled, affected by the rising crust in the Tharsis region to the west, and subsequently widened by erosional forces.
		North of Oudemans in the Valles Marineris itself, there is a large area on the floor composed of grooved floor material with irregular troughs and pits interpratated as alluvial deposits or contraction by the removal of ice or fluid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Valles_Marineris (2179 words)

	Mars Introduction
		This image is a large mosaic of the Valles Marineris [VAL-less mar-uh-NAIR-iss] hemisphere of Mars.
		The lower center of the scene shows the entire Valles Marineris canyon system, more than 3,000 kilometers (1,860 miles) long and up to 8 kilometers (5 miles) deep, extending from Noctis Labyrinthus, the arcuate system of graben to the west, to the chaotic terrain to the east.
		This landslide partially removed the rim of the crater that is on the plateau adjacent to Valles Marineris.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/mars.htm (2567 words)

	Mars Exploration Awards - Valles Marineris Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris, or Mariner Valley, is a canyon system that runs along the Martian equator just east of the Tharsis region.
		Valles Marineris is 4000 km long and has depths up to 7 km.
		The Valles Marineris is as long as the United States and it spans about 20 percent of the distance around Mars.
	www.earthandspace.org /marineris.htm (277 words)

	Universe Today - Centre of Valles Marineris
		Valles Marineris was named after the US Mariner 9 probe, the first spacecraft to image this enormous feature in 1971.
		The fracturing of Valles Marineris could have occurred thousands of millions of years ago, when the Tharsis bulge (west of Valles Marineris) began to form as the result of volcanic activity and subsequently grew to the dimensions of greater than a thousand kilometres in diameter and more than ten kilometres high.
		Regardless of how Valles Marineris might have formed, it is clear that once the depressions were formed and the surface was topographically structured, heavy erosion then began shaping the landscape.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/centre_valles_marineris.html (667 words)

	Depth of the Valles Marineris
		Valles Marineris is a vast canyon system that runs along the Martian equator just east of the Tharsis region.
		Valles Marineris is 4000 km (2500 miles) long and reaches depths of up to 7 km (4 miles).
		In fact, the extent of the Valles Marineris is as long as the United States and it spans about 20 percent (1/5) of the entire distance around Mars.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2004/MaxEisenstat.shtml (404 words)

	Valles Marineris Hemisphere Photo
		Mosaic of the Valles Marineris hemisphere of Mars projected into point perspective, a view similar to that which one would see from a spacecraft.
		The center of the scene (lat -8, long 78) shows the entire Valles Marineris canyon system, over 2000 kilometers long and up to 8 kilometers deep, extending form Noctis Labyrinthus, the arcuate system of graben to the west, to the chaotic terrain to the east.
		South of Valles Marineris is very ancient terrain covered by many impact craters.
	store.spaceimages.com /vamahe.html (141 words)

	Valles Marineris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris, the grand valley of Mars named after the Mariner program which first took close-up images.
		Valles Marineris is a large system of canyons, shown in this image, that stretches 4000 km (2500 mi) along the equator of Mars.
		In either case, the total thickness of the layered rocks seen in these images indicates that there may have been a complex and extremely active early history for geologic processes on Mars.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/mars/interior/Valles_Marineris.html&edu=high (338 words)

	Canyonlands of Mars
		Valles Marineris is a rift valley system, which can be called the greatest canyonland in the Solar System.
		The Valles Marineris system stretches 2500 miles, as long as the distance from Los Angeles to New York, and is deeper than 5 miles at some places (Figures 1, 2, 3).
		Vallis (valles – plural) means valley, but the scale of Loire Valles is similar to that of the Grand Canyon in Arizona.
	www.canyonsworldwide.com /mars/index.htm (928 words)

	Valles Marineris
		Valles Marineris (13,9° j.š., 300,8° d.) nejspíše vznikl působením podpovrchových tektonických sil v oblasti Tharsis a jeho pozemskou obdobou (i co do velikosti) je riftová oblast východoafrického příkopu.
		Následující snímky představují pohled na údolí Valles Marineris.
		Nacházíme se v samém nitru rozlehlého kaňonu Valles Marineris, na průsečíku rokliny Ophir Chasma a rokliny Candor Chasma.
	astro.pef.zcu.cz /slunecni_soustava/mars/vallesmarineris.html (921 words)

	Adler Planetarium / CyberSpace / Planets / Mars / Valles Marineris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris is the largest canyon system on Mars.
		Valles Marineris is 3,000 miles (4,800 km) long, meaning on Earth it would stretch all the way from New York City to Los Angeles!
		Valles Marineris was originally created by faulting during the formation of Tharsis many millions of years ago.
	www.adlerplanetarium.org /cyberspace/planets/mars/mars_map/vallesmarineris.html (237 words)

	Artforum International: Louise Fishman: Valles Marineris, 1992. @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Louise Fishman's painting 'Valles Marineris' was essentially inspired by the planet Mars and its neighbor, Venus.
		Louise Fishman's 1992 Valles Marineris is a large vertical oil painted entirely with a roller: no brushwork is involved.
		The third layer beneath the surface of Valles Marineris is Donatello's carved-wood Magdalen.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:15484703&refid=holomed_1 (1070 words)

	Valles Marineris (from Mars) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Outcroppings of sedimentary rock layers in the southwestern Candor Chasma region of Mars's Valles …
		Close to the equator, centred on 70° W longitude, are several interconnected canyons collectively called Valles Marineris.
		More results on "Valles Marineris (from Mars)" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-54242?tocId=54242 (886 words)

	Artforum International: Louise Fishman: Valles Marineris, 1992. @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris has three invisible layers which can be seen only by those who knew the maker.
		But in the end I had to decide that Valles Marineris probes another sort of space: the essential unworldliness, the religiosity, of the painter.
		The second invisible layer beneath the visible Valles Marineris is The Mind Is a Muscle, which was Louise's first glimpse of the hair shirt.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:15484703&refid=holomed_1 (1070 words)

	APOD: 2006 July 30 - Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
		Valles Marineris, the grand valley extends over 3,000 kilometers long, spans as much as 600 kilometers across, and delves as much as 8 kilometers deep.
		Valles Marineris remains unknown, although a leading hypothesis holds that it started as a crack billions of years ago as the
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap060730.html (137 words)

	Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-59 Candor Chasma Release
		Valles Marineris was first observed in 1972 by the Mariner 9 spacecraft, from which the troughs get their name: Valles--valleys, Marineris--Mariner.
		Valles Marineris is a fascinating region on Mars that holds much potential to reveal information about the early history and evolution of the red planet.
		The MOC Science Team is continuing to examine the wealth of new data and planning for new Valles Marineris targets once the Mapping Phase of the Mars Global Surveyor mission commences in March 1999.
	www.msss.com /mars_images/moc/7_20_98_marineris_rel (982 words)

	Mars Odyssey Team Creates High-Resolution Video Ride through Valles Marineris - Planetary News \| The Planetary Society
		Valles Marineris -- also known as the Mariner Valley -- is 10 times longer and deeper than Arizona's Grand Canyon, and 20 times wider.
		To give the mosaic depth and height, moviemakers fitted it to a computerized topographic model for Valles Marineris that was developed using hundreds of thousands of altitude measurements by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), an instrument on Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft.
		Ages ago, a giant earthquake shook the walls of Valles Marineris and triggered a catastrophic landslide that crashed down 15,000 feet.
	www.planetary.org /news/2006/0315_Mars_Odyssey_Team_Creates.html (921 words)

	Exploring Mars: Canyons and Valles Marineris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The great canyon system of Valles Marineris stretches 4000 kilometers across Mars.
		This figure shows part of Ius Chasma, the southwestern part of the Valles Marineris.
		Now redraw your sketch at the same scale as the Valles Marineris figure.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmars/activities/valmar.html (377 words)

	Valles Marineris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris a canyon system that covers about one fifth the circumference of Mars.
		Valles Marineris is over 3000 km long and up to 8 km deep.
		Your spacecraft hurels toward the Candor Chasm in the Valles Marineris.
	www.units.muohio.edu /dragonfly/space/VALLES.shtml (244 words)

	Landslide in Valles Marineris
		Although Valles Marineris originated as a tectonic structure, it has been modified by other processes.
		This landslide partially removed the rim of the crater that is on the plateau adjacent to Valles Marineris.
		Note the texture of the landslide deposit where it flowed across the floor of Valles Marineris.
	www.etsimo.uniovi.es /solar/cap/mars/slump.htm (138 words)

	Pelobates - Issue 68 - Valles Marineris - Croydon Caving Club (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It should however be noted that the commencement date of the expedition is uncertain as certain technological elements are still under development.
		The Valles Marineris is a global scale feature that is similar to the African Rift System.
		Indeed the plateau which the Valles truncates shows a layered lithology and in some areas lighter bands visible in Viking photographs could be limestone.
	www.croydoncavingclub.org.uk /Archive/Pelobates/068/S18.htm (418 words)

	The Message Of Valles Marineris
		The greatest canyon in the solar system, Valles Marineris on Mars, underscores the contrast between two interpretations of the planet's history.
		On the matter of Martian history in general, and Valles Marineris in particular, the most powerful prejudice is an untested supposition, the bane of space age science: the idea that planets have moved on their present courses for billions of years.
		In the electric view, the electric force raised the Tharsis bulge, along with the surface "blisters" of Olympus Mons and its companions to the west, and a planetary-sized electric arc cut Valles Marineris into the bulge.
	www.rense.com /general65/valles.htm (1131 words)

	Dense fogs in Valles Marineris Mars. Discussion - Mars Rover Blog
		A great image of dense fog in Valles Marineris is shown in this report: Reflectance of fog in Valles Marineris.
		Valles Marineris is both low altitude and low latitude so should be within the pressure and temperature range to permit liquid water for this fog close to the surface.
		Valles Marineris is both low altitude and low latitude so should be
	www.markcarey.com /mars/discuss-23750-dense-fogs-in-valles-marineris-mars.html (913 words)

	Valles Marineris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris is a canyon that was discovered south of the Martian equator.
		It extends the distance from coast to coast on the U.S. with a length of 4000 km long.
		The deepest part of Valles Marineris reached a depth of 10 km.
	www.imagiverse.org /activities/robotics/iro/jared.htm (101 words)

	Vallis.Marineris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris is Mars’ largest canyon system The entire system extends over 4000 km (2490 mi), covering about one fifth the circumference of Mars.
		Compared to Valles Marineris, the Grand Canyon on Earth seems quite small at 446 km (277 mi) long, 30 km (18 mi) wide and 1.6 km (1 mi) deep.
		If Valles Marineris was placed on the surface of Earth, it would stretch from Los Angeles to the Atlantic coast.
	education.gsfc.nasa.gov /experimental/all98invProject.Site/Pages/Vallis.Marineris.html (94 words)

	Valles Marineris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris est en fait un vaste réseau de vallées fortement encaissées qui s'étendent d'est en ouest au niveau de l'équateur sur une distance de 4000 km.
		Des vallées de débacle quittent la région chaotique pour s'écouler vers le nord, ce qui semble confirmer que cette région s'est écroulée suite au départ d'un fluide du sous-sol (magma, glace, eau, rupture d'un aquifère).
		Valles Marineris entaille le flanc ouest du dôme de Tharsis (1), un énorme bombement de la croûte martienne qui soutient plusieurs volcans géants alignés (de bas en haut, Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons et Ascraeus Mons).
	www.nirgal.net /valles.html (3042 words)

	Valles Marineris Hemisphere Photo
		The distance is 2500 kilometers from the surface of the planet, with the scale being.6km/pixel.
		The center of the scene (lat -8, long 78) shows the entire Valles Marineris canyon system, over 2000 kilometers long and up to 8 kilometers deep, extending form Noctis Labyrinthus, the arcuate system of graben to the west, to the chaotic terrain to the east.
		South of Valles Marineris is very ancient terrain covered by many impact craters.
	www.spaceimages.com /vamahe.html (141 words)

	APOD: 2003 August 24 - Valles Marineris: The Grand Canyon of Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
		Valles Marineris, the grand valley extends over 3,000 kilometres long, spans as much as 600 kilometres across, and delves as much as 8 kilometres deep.
		Valles Marineris remains unknown, although a leading hypothesis holds that it started as a crack billions of years ago as the
	www.star.ucl.ac.uk /~apod/apod/ap030824.html (139 words)

	Valles Marineris -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Valles Marineris -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The canyon extends from the (Click link for more info and facts about Noctis Labyrinthus) Noctis Labyrinthus region in the west to the chaotic terrain in the east.
		However, near the eastern flanks of the rift there appears to be some channels that may have been formed by (Binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent) water.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/va/valles_marineris.htm (116 words)

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