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Topic: Valproate

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	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Valproic Acid (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Valproic acid, valproate sodium, and divalproex may be used alone or with other seizure medicine.
		Valproic acid, valproate sodium, or divalproex may change the time it takes your blood to clot, which may increase the chance of bleeding.
		Also, taking valproic acid, valproate sodium, or divalproex together with medicines that are used during surgery or dental or emergency treatments may increase the CNS depressant effects.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202588.html (2209 words)

	A TREATMENT FOR EPILEPSY
		Sodium valproate, valproic acid, divalproex and valproate semisodium (sometimes also called divalproex) are different forms of the same drug.
		Valproate semisodium ("Depakote") may have slightly less side effects at the high doses needed when someone is manic.
		Valproate helps to stop the breakdown of GABA and so leaves enough of this chemical in the brain to help prevent the fits, flouts and over-activity.
	www.nmhct.nhs.uk /pharmacy/mood3.htm (2658 words)

	Fetal Valproate Syndrome
		Fetal Valproate Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder caused by exposure of the fetus to valproic acid (dalpro, depakene, depakote, depakote sprinkle, divalproex, epival, myproic acid) during the first three months of pregnancy.
		Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant drug used to control certain types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy.
		Fetal Valproate Syndrome is a rare disorder that may occur when a fetus is exposed to valproic acid (depakene, dalpro, myproic acid, depakote, depakote sprinkle, divalproex, epival) during the first three months of pregnancy.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord1007.htm (1091 words)

	Alzforum: Drugs In Clinical Trials - Valproate
		Valproate is a branch-chained carboxylic acid that is a gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)—enhancing agent.
		Valproic acid is also found to protect cultured rat hippocampal neurons against A beta- and glutamate-induced injury possibily through the stablization of intracellular calcium levels.
		Valproate is found to be well tolerated with little side effect in the treatment of aggression in AD patients.
	www.alzforum.org /dis/tre/drc/detail.asp?id=62 (317 words)

	Valproate May Cause Thrombocytopenia In The Elderly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Patients receiving valproate have been shown to have dose-related decrease in platelet counts; thrombocytopenia may develop in 6-33 percent of these patients.
		When valproate is prescribed in the elderly, platelet counts should be periodically monitored at an ideal frequency, which remains to be determined.
		When valproate is prescribed in the elderly, patients should be warned about and monitored for the risk of bleeding tendencies.
	www.indegene.com /Psy/Jour/indJour_AJP_Sum_01-01-2001_2.asp (312 words)

	Valproate : Epilepsy.com/Professionals
		Valproate or the dimeric form, divalproex, offers a useful alternative to phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine, especially with the intravenous formulation that became available in the mid-1990s.
		Because of valproate's short half-life (12—16 hours without concomitant administration of P-450—inducing drugs, 5—10 hours with such administration), a steady state is reached rapidly at the maintenance dose of 15—30 mg/kg.
		One advantage of valproate is its lack of cross-reactivity with phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine.
	professionals.epilepsy.com /page/treatment_vpa.html (514 words)

	DG DISPATCH - HEADACHE: Valproate Effective In Stopping Persistent Migraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Significantly more patients who received valproate reported headache relief at one, two and four hours post-dose of 60, 70 and 70 percent, respectively, compared with the DHE group, whose relief rates were 40, 50 and 60 percent at one, two and four hours, respectively.
		If valproate were to become more widely used, he said, the cost savings could be substantial because on average, it probably costs about one-tenth the cost of sumatriptan and one-third the cost of DHE, Dr. Goodman said.
		Patients who stopped taking valproate during the course of the study quickly reverted to having as many migraine attacks as they did before the study.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/10c936.htm (512 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Valproate : Article by Herbert Hern, Jr, MD, MS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Valproic acid is an 8-carbon 2-chain fatty acid used mainly for the primary and adjuvant control of simple and complex partial seizures, absence seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic epilepsy.
		Metabolism: Valproate is metabolized primarily in the liver by conjugation to glucuronide ester and oxidation by mitochondria.
		Their condition may deteriorate progressively as the valproate is absorbed and moves from the intravascular compartment to the CNS compartment.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic632.htm (2697 words)

	Intravenous Valproate Sodium Injection For Prolonged Migraine Headache
		Valproate is not addicting, and is without significant cardiovascular or respiratory effects.
		Valproate generally should not be given in any form to patients with compromised liver function.
		Intravenous valproate sodium may be effective for certain patients in the acute treatment of prolonged, severe migraine headache.
	www.headachedrugs.com /archives/iv_sodium.html (1235 words)

	Valproate activates bovine leukemia virus gene expression, triggers apoptosis, and induces leukemia/lymphoma regression ...
		Valproate activates bovine leukemia virus gene expression, triggers apoptosis, and induces leukemia/lymphoma regression in vivo -- Achachi et al.
		Evolution of the T cell populations upon valproate treatment in leukemic sheep and evolution of the B cell numbers in control sheep.
		Plasmatic levels of valproate were determined by immunoassay with a Modular system (Roche Diagnostics), using reagents from Dade Behring.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/0504248102/DC1 (523 words)

	Epilepsy Drug Linked to Birth Defects, Low IQ
		These studies join a least a half dozen others implicating valproate in birth defects,valproate in birth defects, and an epilepsy expert tells WebMD that the findings are convincing.
		Valproate, sold under the brand names Depakote, Depakene, and Depacon, is one of the oldest and most widely prescribed antiseizure medications on the market.
		The risk of delivering a child with a birth defect was three times higher for women who took valproate during their first trimester of pregnancy than for women taking other antiseizure medications.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/102/106685?src=RSS_PUBLIC (258 words)

	The relationship between treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and topiramate and the prognosis of the idiopathic ...
		The relationship between treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and topiramate and the prognosis of the idiopathic generalised epilepsies -- Nicolson et al.
		The relationship between treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and topiramate and the prognosis of the idiopathic generalised epilepsies
		Valproic acid versus ethosuximide in the treatment of absence seizures.
	www.jnnp.com /cgi/content/full/75/1/75 (2896 words)

	ECNP: Zyprexa (Olanzapine) Superior To Depakote (Valproate) For Acute Mania In Bipolar Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The study is the first head-to-head comparison of Zyprexa and valproate since the FDA's approval of the use of Zyprexa for bipolar mania in March.
		In addition, plasma levels were monitored to ensure valproate trough levels were maintained within the targeted therapeutic range of 50-125 micrograms/mL; the mean value of all levels obtained was 79.4 micrograms/mL.
		The most common and significantly different adverse events for Zyprexa were somnolence (39.2 percent vs. 20.6 percent for valproate), dry mouth (33.6 percent vs. 6.3 percent), and increased appetite (12.0 percent vs. 2.4 percent).
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/1e0626.htm (1041 words)

	The antibipolar drug valproate mimics lithium in stimulating glutamate release and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ...
		The antibipolar drug valproate mimics lithium in stimulating glutamate release and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate accumulation in brain cortex slices but not accumulation of inositol monophosphates and bisphosphates
		valproate behaves similarly to lithium in that at therapeutic
		Effect of valproate on glutamate release from mouse cerebral cortex slices.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/9/4757 (2426 words)

	Neonatal hypoglycaemia and withdrawal symptoms after exposure in utero to valproate -- Ebbesen et al. 83 (2): 124 -- ...
		Twenty epileptic women were treated with valproate only during pregnancy and two were treated with valproate and carbamazepine.
		Valproate given to infant mice led to reduced liver glycogen.
		Rogiers V, Vandenbergh Y, Vercruysse A. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis by sodium valproate and its metabolites in isolated rat hepatocytes.
	fn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/83/2/F124 (3497 words)

	ENDO: Valproate Use May Lead to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
		Joffe and her team examined the relationship between valproate and PCOS in women aged 18 to 45 years and diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
		If the disorder develops, symptoms may disappear when valproate is stopped, but PCOS reversibility has not been fully studied, he said.
		As valproate is a critical medication for bipolar disorder, women who develop PCOS after starting valproate should consider changing to another psychiatric drug.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/EB3E39142B09B75485256EB7005FD72F (547 words)

	Questions About Valproate
		Valproate has fewer major risks than lithium, statistically, I think most doc's would agree.
		The liver problems with valproate are primarily seen in kids less than 12, usually with a second antiepileptic.
		There is a new warning about a rare metabolic genetic syndrome that can cause some fatal reactions with valproate, but that is quite rare.
	www.bipolarworld.net /Phelps/ph_2002/ph780.htm (494 words)

	Valproate Neuroprotection Study-Text Only (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To determine in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial whether chronic valproate therapy delays the emergence of agitation and/or psychosis in outpatients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) who have not experienced agitation and psychosis in their illness.
		The chief secondary aim is to determine whether chronic valproate therapy delays the progression of cognitive and functional measures of illness.
		This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study of valproate at target dose of approximately 10-12 mg/kg per day in outpatients with probable AD, treated for 24 months followed by a two month washout.
	adcs.ucsd.edu /t_ValproateNP.htm (207 words)

	Occurrence of Thrombocytopenia in Psychiatric Patients Taking Valproate -- Trannel et al. 158 (1): 128 -- American ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the study period, the dose of valproate was reduced in
		Calabrese JR, Markovitz PJ, Kimmel SE, Wagner SC: Spectrum of efficacy of valproate in 78 rapid-cycling bipolar patients.
		Tohen M, Castillo J, Baldessarini RJ, Zarate C Jr, Kando JC: Blood dyscrasias with carbamazepine and valproate: a pharmacoepidemiological study of 2,228 patients at risk.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/158/1/128 (1617 words)

	Valproate for acute mood episodes in bipolar disorder (Cochrane Review) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Valproate was more efficacious than placebo (RRR 38%; RR 0.62; 95% C.I. 0.51 to 0.77) in the treatment of mania.
		Valproate was less effective than olanzapine (failure to achieve clinical response; RRI 25%; RR 1.25, 95% C.I. 1.01 to 1.54; average of 2.8 point less change on the Mania Rating Scale (95% CI 0.83 to 4.79).
		Valproate for acute mood episodes in bipolar disorder.
	www.cochrane.org /cochrane/revabstr/AB004052.htm (543 words)

	Annals of General Psychiatry \| Full text \| Brain choline concentrations may not be altered in euthymic bipolar disorder ...
		Sodium valproate is also widely used as a mood stabilizer, both alone and in combination with lithium [33].
		In one study 9 patients taking either lithium or valproate were examined [35], and increased Cho/Cr ratios were seen in the bipolar patients compared to controls.
		It is also conceivable that both lithium and valproate may increase Choline concentrations, but that the differences were not large enough for us to detect, or that without lithium or valproate treatment patients would have lower Choline concentrations.
	www.general-hospital-psychiatry.com /content/3/1/13 (4487 words)

	Valproate Semisodium - Patient UK
		Valproate semisodium preparations can also be labelled as containing valproic acid.
		Valproate Semisodium is used to treat mania (overactive and excitable behaviour) in those suffering from bipolar disorder, where extreme changes in mood are experienced.
		Valproate semisodium decreases the intensity and frequency of manic episodes.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/30002983 (609 words)

	Sodium valproate - Medicine Guide
		Sodium valproate is a medicine which is used in epilepsy.
		Sodium valproate is removed from the body in the urine as a chemical called ketones.
		Try to keep Sodium valproate in the original container, as the dose will be on the label and it will help keep the medicine in the best condition.
	medguides.medicines.org.uk /displaypage.aspx?t=medicine&i=37 (3979 words)

	Reproductive dysfunction in women with epilepsy: recommendations for evaluation and management -- Bauer et al. 73 (2): ...
		of valproate with polycystic ovaries or hyperandrogenaemia was
		Valproate, lamotrigine, and insulin-mediated risks in women with epilepsy.
		The effects of valproate, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine on growth and sexual maturation in girls with epilepsy.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/73/2/121 (2931 words)

	Valproate-Induced Hyperammonemia as a Cause of Altered Mental Status -- Feil et al. 10 (4): 476 -- American Journal of ...
		Valproate (divalproex sodium) is widely used to treat psychiatric
		Valproate's effect on carnitine may be transient, and otherwise
		Kulick SK, Kramer DA: Hyperammonemia secondary to valproic acid as cause of lethargy in a postictal patient.
	ajgp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/10/4/476 (1317 words)

	Acute Valproate Administration Impairs Methionine Metabolism in Rats -- Úbeda et al. 132 (9): 2737 -- Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		FIGURE 2 Effect of valproate administration on hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity in rats at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 24 h after treatment and in the untreated control group.
		FIGURE 3 Effect of valproate administration on plasma vitamin B-6 levels in rats at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 24 h after treatment and in the untreated control group.
		Voorhes, C. (1987) Teratogenicity and developmental toxicity of valproic acid in rats.
	nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/132/9/2737 (3739 words)

	News - Sodium Valproate Appears Effective for Aggressive Behaviour in Demented Patients with Extended Treatment
		Twelve weeks of therapy with sodium valproate improved, distorted memory, disorientation and aggressive, non-social, and apathetic behaviours improved in aggressive patients with dementia, Dutch researchers report.
		All patients received a starting dose of sodium valproate 2 x 6 mL of a 40 mg/mL suspension (daily defined dose of 480 mg) and were followed up 3 times at 4-week intervals.
		Citing evidence from another open-label study, Dr. Sival and colleagues suggest that sodium valproate should be prescribed for a month or more to treat aggressive behaviour in demented patients.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256E6F00227D1F (545 words)

	Depacon Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Valproate Sodium - RxList Monographs
		Valproate sodium is the sodium salt of valproic acid designated as sodium 2-propylpentanoate.
		Valproate sodium has a molecular weight of 166.
		It occurs as an essentially white and odorless, crystalline, deliquescent powder.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/valproate.htm (311 words)

	Valproate - Resources from the U.S. Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Low-dose valproate: a new treatment for cyclothymia, mild rapid...
		Valproate: A New Cause of Birth Defects -- Report from Italy and...
		Valproic Acid Teratogenicity: A Toxicogenomics Approach: 0900 hr) was taken as 0 days postcoitum (dpc) Pregnant dams were treated 8.0 dpc
	mark.mongabay.com /medications/gov/Valproate.html (986 words)

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