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Topic: Valproic acid

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	Valproic Acid (Depakote, Depakine) anti-manics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although valproic acid was initially used for absence seizures, data published in 1992 confirmed that it is as effective as carbamazepine for the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
		Valproate sodium is rapidly converted to valproic acid in the stomach.
		Valproic acid is about 90% protein-bound, but protein binding decreases as the serum concentration increases and can change the clearance and elimination of valproic acid.
	www.rockford.uic.edu /jc/valproic.htm (520 words)

	Valproic acid (PIM 551)
		Valproic acid may be synthesized from 4-heptanol by successive conversions to 4-bromoheptane with HBr, to 4-cyanoheptane with HCN and to 2-propyl pentanoic (valproic) acid by alkaline hydrolysis of the 4-cyanoheptane (Gennaro, 1985).
		The concentration of valproic acid detected in the CSF is approximately 10% that of the plasma.
		Valproic acid is metabolized principally in the liver by the beta and omega oxidation.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/pharm/pim551.htm (3459 words)

	valproic acid
		However, valproic acid is also known to cross the placenta and to cause a spectrum of congenital anomalies which includes craniofacial malformations and skeletal defects (Lammer et al., 1987; Dansky and Finnell, 1991).
		In rats, maternal valproic acid treatment causes the offspring to be born with a phenotype that resembles that of the mouse undulated mutant.
		Correlation of valproic acid-induced somite anomalies and downregulated Pax-1 expression in the chick embryo.
	zygote.swarthmore.edu /env13.html (671 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Valproic Acid (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Valproic acid, valproate sodium, and divalproex may be used alone or with other seizure medicine.
		Valproic acid, valproate sodium, or divalproex may change the time it takes your blood to clot, which may increase the chance of bleeding.
		Also, taking valproic acid, valproate sodium, or divalproex together with medicines that are used during surgery or dental or emergency treatments may increase the CNS depressant effects.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202588.html (2209 words)

	Valproic acid - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CH(CH Sodium valproate (also known as valproate, or VPA) is a sodium salt of valproic acid.
		In epileptics, valproic acid is used to control absence seizures, tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal), complex partial seizures, and the seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
		Valproate is believed to affect the function of the neurotransmitter GABA (as a GABA transaminase inhibitor) in the human brain.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Valproic_acid (229 words)

	Valproic acid for epilepsy
		Valproic acid is also considered a first-line drug for treating partial seizures.
		Valproic acid tends to have less effect on your thinking, memory, or learning processes than other antiepileptic drugs (as long as the drug levels in your bloodstream do not become too high).
		Valproic acid is a good choice for women taking birth control pills because it will not reduce the effectiveness of the pills.
	my.webmd.com /hw/epilepsy/hw110216.asp (661 words)

	Valproic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Five days after initiating IV valproate, the patientâs valproic acid level was 34 Âµg/dl and liver enzymes continued to be within normal range.
		Valproic acid has been in use for decades and is readily available in generic form.
		Valproate is believed to affect the function of the neurotransmitter GABA in the human brain.
	www.wikiverse.org /valproic-acid (352 words)

	Valproic Acid as Anti-epileptic in cerebral palsy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Valproic acid and valproate sodium may be used alone or with other seizure medicine.
		Valproic acid and valproate sodium have been reported to cause birth defects when taken by the mother during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
		Valproic acid and valproate sodium pass into the breast milk, but their effect on the nursing baby is not known.
	www.udaan.org /drugs/valproat.html (1124 words)

	valproic acid Consumer Drug Information
		Valproic acid affects chemicals in the body that may be involved in causing seizures.
		Valproic acid is in the FDA pregnancy category D. This means that it is known to be harmful to an unborn baby.
		Extreme caution must be used if valproic acid is used to treat seizures in a child younger than 2 years of age due to the increased risk of liver damage.
	www.drugs.com /MTM/valproic_acid.html (1623 words)

	Mood Stabilizers as Medications valproic acid, Depakene
		Valproic acid may also be used adjunctively in patients with multiple seizure types which include either absence or tonic-clonic seizures.
		Since valproic acid has usually been used with other antiepileptics, in most cases it is not possible to determine whether the adverse reactions mentioned are due to valproic acid alone or to the combination of drugs.
		As valproic acid is absorbed very rapidly, gastric lavage may be of limited value.
	www.support4hope.com /medications/mood_stabilizers/valproic_acid_depakene.htm (453 words)

	valproic acid - Mental Health Disorders on MedicineNet.com
		Valproic acid can reduce the number of platelets or inhibit the ability of platelets to stick together and form a blood clot.
		Valproic acid can significantly decrease the elimination of lamotrigine (Lamictal), ethosuximide (Zarontin), diazepam (Valium), zidovudine (AZT) and phenobarbital, thereby increasing their concentrations in blood.
		Valproic acid also increases the blood levels of warfarin and phenytoin by displacing them from blood proteins that they bind to.
	www.medicinenet.com /valproic_acid/article.htm (911 words)

	Valproic Acid - Vitacost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Valproic acid, divalproex sodium, and sodium valproate are closely related drugs used to control (prevent) seizures in people with epilepsy.
		Homocysteine, a potential marker for folic acid deficiency, is a compound used experimentally to induce seizures and is associated with atherosclerosis.
		Valproic acid, valproate, and divalproex may be taken with food to avoid/reduce stomach upset.
	www.vitacost.com /science/hn/Drug/Valproic_Acid.htm (3110 words)

	Valproic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Valproate has been effective in a wide variety of partial and generalized seizures.
		Based on data from the birth defects monitoring system for the Rhone-Aples region of France, an increase in spina bifida in the offspring of mothers who took valproic acid during pregnancy was observed.
		From this data, the estimated risk of fetal spina bifida for a woman taking valproic acid during the first trimester of pregnancy is 1 - 2%.
	www.evol.nw.ru /~spirov/hazard/valproic_acid.html (152 words)

	Depakote, Depacon, or Valproic Acid and Migraine Headache, Cluster Headache, and Epilepsy
		Valproic acid is also available is a liquid form (Depakene®) and an IV form (Depacon®).
		Valproic acid is one of the most effective medications for migraine prevention.
		Valproic acid is also a very useful medication for the treatment of cluster headache.
	www.loftusmd.com /Articles/AED/depakoate.html (515 words)

	Valproic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Valproic acid is used for the treatment of a wide range of seizure types such as: partial, absence, generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal), atonic, and myoclonic.
		valproic acid syrup: you may mix the syrup with any liquid or add it to a small amount of food to enhance the taste.
		Using valproic acid with certain other medications may alter the activity of either drug which can lead to ineffective seizure control or an increase in side effects.
	www.uic.edu /pharmacy/epilepsy/valproic.htm (464 words)

	FSMA: Valproic Acid Shows Promise for Treating SMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Valproic acid, on the other hand, is usually well-tolerated and has been used for decades to treat people with epilepsy.
		Treatment with valproic acid can lead to liver toxicity, especially in children under 2 years of age, and safe doses of the drug may not be able to increase the amount of SMN protein enough to reduce symptoms of the disease, she adds.
		Researchers led by Kathryn Swoboda, M.D., at the University of Utah, are now conducting a preliminary clinical trial of valproic acid in children with SMA who are 2 years of age and older in order to determine whether the drug is safe enough for further study in children with this disorder.
	www.fsma.org /vpa2004.shtml (1050 words)

	Valproic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		• Valproic acid is in the FDA pregnancy category D. This means that it is known to be harmful to an unborn baby.
		Dangerous sedation, dizziness, or drowsiness may occur if valproic acid is taken with alcohol or any of these medications.
		Valproic acid may interact with these medications and affect clotting of the blood.
	www.rfire.com /valproicacid.htm (1128 words)

	News - Lamotrigine, Topiramate Effective Equally To Valproic Acid For Treatment Of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
		Valproic acid is the drug of choice for the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).
		Valproic acid, lamotrigine, and topiramate did not differ significantly for control of GTC, myoclonic and absence seizures (P>0.02).
		Valproic acid, lamotrigine, and topiramate demonstrated significantly better control of myoclonic seizures (P<0.01), but not GTC seizures (P>0.11), compared to phenytoin or carbamazepine.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D88006FE153 (500 words)

	Introduction to valproic acid (Intermediate) : Epilepsy.com
		Valproic (val-PRO-ik) acid is the generic name (non-brand name) of a widely used type of seizure medicine.
		The brand-name form of valproic acid in the United States and Canada is Depakene.
		Valproic acid syrup can be mixed with another liquid or food for better taste, as long as it is all consumed.
	www.epilepsy.com /medications/i_valproicacid_intro.html (662 words)

	Bipolar Disorder Daily News Blog: Valproic Acid Has Bad Interaction With Meropenem
		Valproic acid is normally used as either a monotherapy or combined with another drug to treat those with bipolar disorder.
		Literature reports of interactions between valproic acid and carbapenem antibiotics document a decrease in valproic acid concentration ranging from 45% to 95%.
		She did not have anymore seizures and was eventually allowed to go home from the hospital, with a continued dose of valproic acid.
	www.moodswing.org /bpnews/archive/001714.html (384 words)

	Valproic Acid. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Valproic acid is thought to depress the activity of certain parts of the brain and suppress the abnormal firing of neurons that causes seizures.
		Severe abdominal pain and vomiting, muscle weakness and lethargy, yellow discoloration of the skin or eyes, facial swelling, abnormal bleeding or bruising, or seizures may be a sign of liver failure or other potentially fatal complications.
		Carnitine replacement (intravenous) is needed in valproic acid caused (induced) liver toxicity and overdose.
	www.herbs2000.com /drugs/valproic_acid.htm (513 words)

	Valproic Acid
		Valproic acid is used, alone or with other drugs, to treat certain types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy.
		Valproic acid comes as a capsule, extended-release (long-acting) tablet, capsules containing sprinkle medication, and liquid to take by mouth.
		Valproic acid affects the action of other medications, and many medications can affect the action of valproic acid.
	www.safemedication.com /displaydrug.cfm?id=682412 (838 words)

	News - Valproic Acid Demonstrates Role in Status Epilepticus: Presented at AAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the trial, valproic acid was administered undiluted in all patients, at rates ranging from 60 mg/minute in three patients to 1 g/minute in 27 patients.
		The overall efficacy of valproic acid in aborting SE was 67%.
		Limdi said that while the results are promising, more studies are needed to establish a potential role for valproic acid as the preferred initial treatment for SE.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D01004DD7C5 (597 words)

	Valproic Acid, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
		Valproic acid (Depakene®, Depakote®, Depakote® Sprinkle Depacon®, Depakote ER®) is used alone, or with other drugs, to treat certain types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy.
		Make sure valproic acid is taken with food and that your child drinks plenty of water.
		Your child should not stop taking valproic acid without talking to his/her healthcare provider, especially if your child has taken it for a long time.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/info/medication/t-z/valproic-acid (377 words)

	Generic valproic acid beats divalproex for initial treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The researchers found that patients who were initially treated with divalproex instead of valproic acid had a worse clinical outcome with regard to length of hospital stay, and rehospitalization rate.
		For patients who were initially treated with divalproex and then switched to valproic acid, the length of hospital stay was prolonged by 30.3%.
		Nevertheless, switching from valproic acid to divalproex did not result in a significantly prolonged length of stay in hospital or an increase in the rate of rehosptialization compared with continuous divalproex, Wassef and team report.
	www.psychiatrysource.com /psychsource/News/article1297.htm (392 words)

	Valproic acid Dosage, Interactions, Side Effects, How to Use
		Equivalent PO doses of divalproex sodium and valproic acid deliver equivalent amounts of valproate ion to the system.
		Metabolized in the liver and inactive metabolites are excreted in the urine; small amounts of valproic acid are excreted in the feces.
		Use lower doses in geriatric clients because they may have increased free, unbound valproic acid levels in the serum.
	www.healthdigest.org /drugs/valproicacid.html (793 words)

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