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	Henri, duc de Rohan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		But when France began to play a more conspicuous part in the Thirty Years' War Henri was again called to serve his lawful sovereign, and entrusted with the war in the Valtelline.
		Henri fought another Valtelline campaign, but without the success of the first, for the motives of France were now held in suspicion.
		The unfortunate commander retired to Geneva and thence went to the army of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henri,_duc_de_Rohan (953 words)

	Valtelline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is known for its skiing and cheeses.
		However in past centuries it was a key pass through the Alps, from northern Italy into Germany.
		Control of the Valtelline was much sought after, particularly in the Thirty Years War.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Valtelline (83 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Valtelline proper is divided into four districts, the terzero di Sopra, with Tirano for its capital ; the terzero di Sotto, with Sondrio for its capital ; the so-called Squadre, with Morbegno as its capital ; and the independent district of Teglio.
		But intimately associated with the Valtelline, sharing its vicissitudes, and for historical purposes to be considered a part of it, we have the county of Bormio, commanding the Wormserjoch and the uppermost reaches of the Adda, and the county of Chiavenna, the key to those two important passes the Splugen and the Maloggia.
		The Grisons or Graubünden, the Grey Leagues, was a federation of three Leagues: the Upper or Grey League proper seated in the valley of the Vorderrhein and its confluents, with Ilanz for its capital, the Gotteshaus or Cade with its capital at Chur, and the Zehngerichten or Ten Jurisdictions, with its principal seat at Davos.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh402.html (12547 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of SKETCHES AND STUDIES IN ITALY AND GREECE BY JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS
		I had furthermore arrived at the conclusion that the best Valtelline can only be tasted in cellars of the Engadine or Davos, where this vintage matures slowly in the mountain air, and takes a flavour unknown at lower levels.
		The Valtelline is an Italian valley, connected with the rest of the peninsula by ties of race and language.
		Valtelline wines bought in the wood vary, of course, according to their age and year of vintage.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/14972/14972-h/14972-h.htm (18485 words)

	Talk:Valtelline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look for Valtelline in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
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	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Valtelline (101 words)

	Como And Il Medeghino
		At the beginning of the century, while he was still a youth, the rich valley of the Valtelline, with Bormio and Chiavenna, had been assigned to the Grisons.
		To steer a plain course through that chaos of politics, in which the modern student, aided by the calm clear lights of history and meditation, cannot find a clew, was, of course, impossible for an adventurer whose one aim was to gratify his passions and exalt himself at the expense of others.
		In the midst of all this foreign service he never for-got his old dream of conquering the Valtelline; and in 1547 be made proposals to the emperor for a new campaign against the Grisons.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles29/southern-europe-13.shtml (4643 words)

	1564. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		This was frustrated, but one important result was the renewal of the alliance between the whole confederation and France (the Catholic cantons, however, retained also their alliance with Spain).
		Struggle for control of the Valtelline Pass, the most important link in the communications between Habsburg Austria and the Spanish Habsburg possessions in Italy.
		The pass was controlled by the Grisons League but in 1620 was seized by the Spaniards, who enjoyed the support of the Catholic faction (under Rudolf Planta).
	www.bartleby.com /67/626.html (383 words)

	30YW western europe
		The most important area of the Valtelline was owned by a family called the Grisons who were Protestant.
		In 1602, France had been given permission to use the Valtelline to get to Venice but this permission was withdrawn when the Duke of Milan, fearing an attack by the French, threatened the Grisons with war.
		In 1609, Charles Emmanuel expelled the Spanish garrison in Savoy and one year later, Savoy and France agreed to attack Lombardy but the assassination of Henry IV ended this.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /30YW_western_europe.htm (1244 words)

	The Early Bourbon Monarchy in France, 1589–1661
		He argued that it was against the interests of the Catholic faith to support the cause of the Grisons, and that this course of action risked divine retribution.
		The Valtelline war, in his view, was a costly enterprise of little benefit to France (he called it a war ‘in order to save a Swiss piece of land’).
		In order to avoid war on two fronts, the king was obliged to seek a compromise peace with the Huguenots, but in Marillac’s view such a peace would prove to be ‘the ruin of the state’.
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/bon/resources/bourb/bourb4.html (974 words)

	[No title]
		III With so much practical and theoretical interest in the produce of the Valtelline to stimulate my curiosity, I determined to visit the district at the season when the wine was leaving it.
		A sort of open _loggia_ on the farther side framed vignettes of the Valtelline mountains in their hard cerulean shadows and keen sunlight.
		All he knew, however, was, that his first ancestor had been a foreigner, who came across the mountains to Tirano two centuries ago.[3] This old gentleman is a considerable wine-dealer.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/14972/14972-8.txt (21652 words)

	IN FRANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Valtelline had strategic importance as the only connecting link between the duchy of Milan controlled by the Spanish Hapsburgs and the Tyrol controlled by the Austro-German Hapsburgs.
		In May 1626, France and Spain suddenly concluded the peace Treaty of Barcelona (or Monzon) under which the Spanish forts in the Valtelline were to be razed and the valley would return to the control of its inhabitants, the Grisons.
		Also in 1620, Protestants were massacred in the Valtelline, and the Catholic League under Count Tilly defeated the army of King Frederick of Bohemia at the Battle of the White Mountain near Prague; the Bohemian revolt against the Emporer Ferdinand was suppressed, the leading rebels executed, and the Protestant clergy expelled.
	friends.xocomp.net /landry/LandryFamilyHistory/Ch02.htm (4480 words)

	Richelieu and Foreign Policy
		In 1624-25, he sent French troops to support the Grisons in their fight against the Austrians and to hinder the Spanish who were using the Valtelline to move troops south to north across Europe.
		First the main and important part of the war took place in Germany; by the mid-1630's, northern Italy had ceased to be as important as it was.
		In 1635, the French took control of the Valtelline but the Spanish regained it in 1637.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /richelieu_foreign_policy.htm (1429 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On the contrary, it draws back from it in order to give the English time to light a fire in France that cannot be put out.
		He [Richelieu] would wish to undertake a certain enterprise, which would conserve for ever a passage into Italy, a passage whose conquest and conservation would be easier in that it would be contiguous with the King's States.
		We left the Valtelline, having conquered it, because we could not guard it.
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/bon/resources/Govtsoc/doc31.html (595 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gregory XV
		This was noticeable when an international dispute arose concerning the possession of the Valtelline (1620) the Spaniards occupied that district, while the Austrians took possession of the Grisons passes and were in close proximity to the Spaniards.
		Upon request, Pope Gregory XV intervened by sending his brother Orazio at the head of the pontifical troops to take temporary possession of the Valtelline.
		After a little reluctance on the part of Archduke Leopold of Austria, the disputed territory with its fortresses was yielded to Orazio, and the impending war was thus averted.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07004b.htm (1627 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Protestantism in the Valtelline was rooted out, in the Grisons it was exposed to the utmost danger; but precisely for this reason did it threaten the unity of the Catholic Powers, more than one of which had its interests at stake.
		The necessary soldiery were recruited in the Roman territory and their command entrusted to the Pope's brother ; he led his force to the point where the Spaniards-and, after some reluctance on the part of the Archduke Leopold, the Austrians also-actually yielded to them the strongholds which they had evacuated.
		The papal garrisons quartered in the fortresses of the Valtelline had steadily dwindled away, and the consequent gaps in their ranks had been gradually filled by Spaniards.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh423.html (8221 words)

	Henri, duc de Rohan -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At Venice he wrote his Memoirs; at (A city in Veneto) Padua, Le Parfait Capitaine.
		But when France began to play a more conspicuous part in the (Click link for more info and facts about Thirty Years' War) Thirty Years' War Henri was again called to serve his lawful sovereign, and entrusted with the war in the Valtelline.
		The unfortunate commander retired to Geneva and thence went to the army of (Click link for more info and facts about Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar) Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/He/Henri,_duc_de_Rohan.htm (884 words)

	Review:Richelieu’s Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624-1642
		In general, far from ever-larger armies roaming the continent, much of the fighting was actually sustained by forces of about 10 -15,000 men.
		When the system came under strain, the government was forced to prioritise, with some fronts suffering complete collapse: in 1637 the Valtelline army simply ceased to exist.
		Armies faced all-but crippling wastage rates, were raised largely on the credit extended by their noble commanders and were held together only by ‘a veneer of discipline and subjection to common objectives, under which individual insubordination and corruption were almost universal’ (p.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/FrostRob2.html (2584 words)

	The Thirty Years War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The next scene of action was in the Valtelline.
		When the rebellion was squashed, Spain stepped in, supposedly to help their co-religionists but also to protect the route north to the Netherlands.
		The Grisons tried to recover the Valtelline in 1622, but failed so badly they had to give up some territory to Austria.
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/reformation/germany/30yw.shtml (5255 words)

	The Early Bourbon Monarchy in France, 1589–1661
		In 1635, it was hoped that a sudden strike against the Spanish position in the Low Countries, Italy and the Valtelline would decisively weaken the position of Philip IV and encourage a rebellion by his disaffected subjects, particularly in the Spanish Netherlands.
		And little of importance was achieved in Italy, either, until the French managed to relieve Turin in 1639 and take the war to the borders of Lombardy.
		The French occupation of the Valtelline, under Rohan (the erstwhile Huguenot leader), started quite auspiciously until in 1637 the failure to pay subsidies regularly provoked a general rising against all foreigners.
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/bon/resources/bourb/bourb5.html (1461 words)

	Germany from the Earliest Period, vol 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A rifleman, stationed upon a projecting rock, shot more than a hundred of the enemy one after another, his wife and children, meanwhile, loading his guns.
		The old Italian prefectures, with the exception of the Valtelline, were formed into two cantons, Lugano and Bellinzona (afterward the canton of Tessin).
		The canton of Vaud also finally acceded to this arrangement, but was shortly afterward, as well as the former bishopric of Basel, Pruntrut,[13] and the city and republic of Genoa, incorporated with France.
	www.manybooks.net /pages/menzelwoetext058grm410/89.html (179 words)

	France in the Seventeenth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He aided Emperor Ferdinand at the Battle of White Hill and allowed Spain to occupy the Valtelline.
		He supported Protestants financially in the Thirty Years War and attacked Spain in the Valtelline.
		This encouraged the Huguenots to rebel while at the same time instigated the faction around the queen mother to plot to overthrow the cardinal.
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/reformation/france/17thc.shtml (4574 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Charles Borromeo
		After the beginning of Lent (1580), Charles began his visitation at Brescia; soon after, in April, he was called back to Milan to assist at the death-bed of the governor, Ayamonte.
		In this year Charles visited the Valtelline valley in the Grisons.
		In July he was brought to know a youth who afterwards reached great sanctity.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03619a.htm (7012 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of January 19
		He would retire from time to time to these convents for periods of prayer and spiritual refreshment, so that he could return with renewed courage and zeal to the difficult apostolate.
		He was known as "the Apostle of the Valtelline," because of the district he evangelized.
		Probably his greatest miracle was his preaching, which produced such fruits in the face of great obstacles.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0119.htm (5590 words)

	The Clergy -- AOTTXtreme: The Church of France
		Mazarin was born July 14, 1602 in Pescina, Italy, and became a protege of the powerful Colonna family.
		Educated by the Jesuits, he was in turn a captain of pontifical troops and then a pontifical diplomat in the Valtelline War of 1624 and the Mantuan War of Succession.
		The truce which he negotiated on October 26, 1630 between the French and the Spaniards won for him the esteem of Cardinal Richelieu, who was pleased at his letting Pignerol fall into the hands of France.
	www.aottxtreme.com /thechurch/clergy.htm (1000 words)

	1712. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		However, the diet merely demonstrated the weakness of the Swiss confederation.
		Napoleon annexed the Valtelline and Chiavenna to the Cisalpine Republic (See 1797, Feb. 2).
		Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
	www.bartleby.com /67/749.html (454 words)

	V. The final French phase
		In 1635 they sent troops under Henri (Henry), Duke of Rohan (1570-1638) to help Swiss Protestants seize the Valtelline.
		The Valtelline (or Valtellina) was an area of great importance to both France and the Hapsburgs and they had long contested for its control.
		Situated to the north of Lombardy and south of Switzerland, the Hapsburgs saw it as a vital link in the movement of their troops between Italy and Central and Western Europe; the French saw it as the final block in a wall of Hapsburg encirclement.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-045.htm (865 words)

	Parker
		Most importantly, through this war the two formerly estranged houses of Hapsburg were reunited physically via a route through the Grey Leagues land in Valtelline and Lombardy and strategically in their aims to support Catholicism and the Habsburg dynasty.
		As it happened, France decided to intervene again to retake the Valtelline lands seized by Spain, and Spain was having difficulty suppressing revolt in the region.
		And the local feeling was strongly against Maximilian, who had been of assistance at the White Mountain but whose rulership of new lands was opposed by his noble neighbors.
	www.lehigh.edu /~cmp8/worksinprogress/summary/Parker.html (3606 words)

	March 18-22, 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At nine o'clock the news spread that the Piedmontese army had deployed along the Ticino and that groups of volunteers had already crossed the river.
		From the Swiss border, and specially it seems from the Valtelline, about 10,000 armed peasants are said to be pouring into the plain.
		At Monza one of my Geppert battalions was surprised (the other I had recalled here); it lost some hundreds of men, its funds and its baggage.
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /kelly/Archive/Radetzky/march_18_1848.htm (1684 words)

	Weingut Taubenschuss - Weine für Geniesser ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Our estate is situated in the historical "Aspergerhaus" at Poysdorf in the Weinviertel, the eastern part of northern Lower Austria.
		On about 22,5 acres of wine growing land we have seth the traditional Grüner Veltliner (Green Valtelline Wine), Welschriesling, Weißburgunder, Chardonnay, Grüner Sylvaner and Riesling.
		We produce only natural, full-bodied wine which is developed without later improvement or deacification.
	www.taubenschuss.at /english.htm (185 words)

	GREGORY XV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He did much to obtain the electorate for Maximilian of Bavaria.
		By diplomacy he averted war between France and Spain over the Valtelline Pass.
		Gregory's foreign policy was wholeheartedly Catholic and supranational, and by it he increased the prestige of the papacy.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp232.htm (420 words)

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