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Topic: Economic value

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	Value (economics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Others see values as part of his sociopolitical interpretation and critique of capitalism and other societies, and deny that it was intended to serve as a category of economics.
		The theory of value is closely related to that of allocative efficiency, the quality by which firms produce those goods and services most valued by society.
		In philosophy, economic value is a subcategory of a more general concept of value, as defined in goodness and value theory or in the science of value.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Value_(economics) (708 words)

	Economic value added - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Economic Value Added (EVA) is often defined as the value of an activity that is left over after subtracting from it the cost of executing that activity and the cost of having lost the opportunity of investing consumed resources in an alternative activity.
		In the field of corporate finance, economic value added is a way to determine the value created, above the required return, for the shareholders of a company.
		Shareholders of the company will receive a positive value added when the return from the equity employed in the business operations is greater than the cost of that capital; see Working capital management.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_value_added (338 words)

	Basic Concepts of Economic Value
		The economic value of a particular item, or good, for example a loaf of bread, is measured by the maximum amount of other things that a person is willing to give up to have that loaf of bread.
		Thus, economic value is measured by the most someone is willing to give up in other goods and services in order to obtain a good, service, or state of the world.
		Economic values are also affected by the changes in price or quality of substitute goods or complementary goods.
	www.ecosystemvaluation.org /1-01.htm (1069 words)

	Value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Value (mathematics) -- the value of a variable in mathematics.
		Theory of value for more general discussions of economic value.
		Progressive logic, that illustrates the value logic of civic morality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Value (145 words)

	What is the difference between economic value added and market value added?
		Economic value added (EVA) is a performance measure developed by Stern Stewart and Co that attempts to measure the true economic profit produced by a company.
		Economic profit can be calculated by taking a company's net after-tax operating profit and subtracting from it the product of the company's invested capital multiplied by its percentage cost of capital.
		Market value added (MVA), on the other hand, is simply the difference between the current total market value of a company and the capital contributed by investors (including both shareholders and bondholders).
	www.investopedia.com /ask/answers/06/economicvsmarketvalueadded.asp (419 words)

	What is EVA? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Economic Value Added is the financial performance measure that comes closer than any other to capturing the true economic profit of an enterprise.
		As such, EVA is an estimate of true "economic" profit, or the amount by which earnings exceed or fall short of the required minimum rate of return that shareholders and lenders could get by investing in other securities of comparable risk.
		The second is that the value of a company depends on the extent to which investors expect future profits to exceed or fall short of the cost of capital.
	www.sternstewart.com /evaabout/whatis.php (791 words)

	The Economic Value of Open Space - A Review and Synthesis
		Within the greenbelt itself, land values are reduced where the greenbelt is created by large-lot zoning as opposed to the purchase of development rights or conservancy zoning, and also reduced along the urban fringe as restrictions on agricultural practices reduce farm value.
		In summary, the individual's appreciation of the intangible value of open space depends on where one's views lie along the continuum of thought that stretches from nature is to be exploited, to nature is to be used wisely, to nature has value independent of any utility to humans.
		Valuation methods are appropriate, however, to justify the preservation of significant open space values as development proceeds in a given area.
	www.californiaopenspace.com /the_economic_value_of_open_space.htm (10647 words)

	Valuation
		The value of a firm, in DCF terms, can be written in terms of the EVA of projects in place and the present value of the EVA of future projects.
		A policy of maximizing the present value of economic value added over time should be the equivalent of a policy of maximizing firm value.
		DCF valuation assumes that cost of capital is calculated using market values of debt and equity.
	pages.stern.nyu.edu /~adamodar/New_Home_Page/lectures/eva.html (1634 words)

	Don Coursey, Economic Value, the Value of Economists, and the Meaning of Life: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The result was a measure of value, not value defined by its biological importance, but a measure of how much we as a nation are willing to spend on each member of each endangered species.
		The highest valued animal in my study, the Florida panther, was treated financially almost exactly the way in which human lives are treated in a cost-benefit analysis where there is some probability that lives will be lost.
		Some may say that the value of a child's life is infinite, that it is hierarchically more important than other values, or that it is only appropriate to use philosophical or ethical tools to describe a child's value.
	www.econlib.org /library/Columns/Courseyvalue.html (1894 words)

	University of St. Thomas - Center for Business Ethics
		Value consists in what a subject affirms, and that affirmation, in turn, is based upon wholeness, compatibility and the harmony of diverse needs, activities, and enjoyments.
		This ground of value is related to the "end" value because whether humans develop or not depends upon whether their values are grounded on that which makes complete development possible.
		Before the reforms, we Chinese disregarded the rationality of economic value, denied the connection of political and ethical value with economic value, and took only political and ethical values (divorced from economic value) as the objects of human economic activity.
	www.stthom.edu /cbes/economic.html (3152 words)

	Economic Growth, by Paul M. Romer: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		If economic growth could be achieved only by doing more and more of the same kind of cooking, we would eventually run out of raw materials and suffer from unacceptable levels of pollution and nuisance.
		This discovery may ultimately have economic implications that are as far-reaching as the discovery of the transistor.
		Japanese economic policy has been remarkably successful in the last three decades, but a growing number of scandals involving bribe-taking politicians warns us not to blindly imitate their institutions.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/EconomicGrowth.html (2767 words)

	Economic Value of Pork Quality Traits
		The economic value for each individual genetic trait is intended to represent the expected change in producer profit for a unit change in the trait.
		The economic value is then divided by the SD for the trait to put all value in the same units of measure.
		For this set of economic values, in this situation, a pork producer would capture the marginal value of the quality traits if the value of the trait is first captured by the retailer and.....
	mark.asci.ncsu.edu /nsif/95proc/evnsif.htm (2920 words)

	BeefTalk: Heifer Calves Present Value-Added Economic Opportunity
		Economic development data in the state shows livestock production is one of the top creators of new wealth.
		From 1996 to 1998, DREC steers at weaning were valued at an average of $484 and the heifers at $423, a difference of approximately $60.
		The average value of the steers on the rail was $781 compared to $721 for the heifers.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extnews/newsrelease/2001/011801/06beefta.htm (703 words)

	Dictionary of the History of Ideas
		of Bentham sufficed to enthrone “utility” in economics.
		value was stifled by the so-called paradox of value,
		and the value of a commodity is proportional to the
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv4-61 (5505 words)

	Economic Value Added: A Conscience for Business
		By value creation I mean the creation of value through integrative (pie expanding) relationships with the primary corporate constituencies of shareholders, lenders, customers, employees, suppliers, and the communities in which the firm does business.
		EVA stands for “economic value added.” It is a version of the concept of economic profit based on the work of Nobel Laureate Merton Miller and developed by well-regarded financial consultants Joel Stern and Bennett Stewart.
		Numerous elements of managing for value have clearly identifiable moral and ethical support such as: the stewardship of economic capital (parable of the talents), premium stock options (you must deliver value to customers and shareholders before you can claim value for yourself), and the concept of mutually enabling relationships.
	www.acton.org /publicat/randl/interview.php?id=478 (2367 words)

	Economic Value Management
		Economic Value Management is a governance approach that is based on stewardship, and that yields economic, value creating results.
		All three words, economic, value and management speak to the concept of stewardship and to its consequences.
		It is a “measurement of relative worth”, “the estimate in which something is held related to principles or standards of what is valuable in life”, and “the quality of a thing considered in respect of its power and validity for a specified purpose or effect”.
	www.thevaluealliance.com /EVMDefined.htm (198 words)

	Basic Principles of Economic Value
		He shows that economic value is to be distinguished from any notion of the aggregate value or life value of some good or service, which is why luxury goods unnecessary for life can be so much more valued than bread and water.
		The author covers the nature and origin of value, the measurement of value, the value of complementary goods, the scientific significance of subjective value, and the theory of objective exchange value.
		Far from being small points in the history of economic thought, neither the political class nor professional economists have fully come to terms with Boehm-Bawerk's subjectivism.
	www.mises.org /store/Basic-Principles-of-Economic-Value-P233C0.aspx (416 words)

	Bain & Company : Management Tools - The tools - Economic Value-Added Analysis
		Economic Value-Added Analysis thus offers a truer picture of the return a company delivers to its shareholders and provides a framework to assess options for increasing it.
		By making the cost of capital visible, Economic Value-Added Analysis helps companies identify whether they need to operate more efficiently, to focus investment on projects that are in the best interests of shareholders and to work to dispose of or reduce investment in activities that generate low returns.
		Since Economic Value-Added Analysis accounts for the cost of capital used to invest in a business, it provides a clear understanding of value creation or degradation over time within the company.
	www.bain.com /management_tools/tools_economic.asp?groupcode=2 (481 words)

	HP Global Citizenship Report: Economic value
		A company’s economic impact extends beyond the transactions reflected in conventional financial statements.
		Our most immediate economic impacts are through the salaries and benefits paid to employees and the money paid to suppliers.
		The impact of brands can be quantified in terms of their direct (economic) contribution to shifting customer demand, driving market value and profitable growth, attracting and retaining employees and capital.
	www.hp.com /hpinfo/globalcitizenship/gcreport/intro/economicvalue.html (1309 words)

	Economic Value Added
		Economic Value Added takes Cash Flow Analysis one step further by incorporating the concept of the cost of capital.
		Economic Value is a better formula to show the change in Economic Value from one period to the next.
		Market Value is simply the shareholder value at a single point in time.
	www.valuecreationgroup.com /economic_value_added.htm (181 words)

	CSULB Economic Impact Report - Economic Value
		The average income of a high school graduate is $28,700 versus $53,800 for individuals with a bachelor’s degree.
		In terms of lifetime income, a typical high school graduate would expect, in present value terms, an income of $940,000.
		By comparison, a typical college graduate would expect to earn, in present value terms, $1.8 million or almost twice as much as an individual with only a high school education.
	www.csulb.edu /misc/eir/content/economic_value.htm (86 words)

	Economic value - World Bank - Documents & Reports - Assessing the economic value of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		From a commercial standpoint, Economic Value Added (EVA) is the most successful performance metric used by companies and their consultants.
		The economic value of contraception: a comparison of 15 methods.
		Assessing the economic value of ecosystem conservation, Vol.
	patio-door-latch.siteslinks.com /sil/patio-door-latch-economic-value.htm (247 words)

	Economic Value Added (EVA)
		Economic value-added (EVA) is the after-tax cash flow generated by a business minus the cost of the capital it has deployed to generate that cash flow.
		Return on assets is a more realistic measure of economic performance, but it ignores the cost of capital.
		That fact is obscured by accounting systems that expense salaries, software development, rent, training, and other ongoing costs that are integral to a process capability and that treat the cost of displacing workers-a frequent by-product of process reengineering, downsizing, and the like-as an "extraordinary item" on the income statement.
	www.snc.edu /socsci/chair/333/eva_3.htm (869 words)

	Economic valuation of ecosystem services for water resources management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Economic valuation of ecosystem services for water resources management
		Value of wetland goods and services for agriculture, resource use, flood attenuation, groundwater recharge, nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration
		Economic value of river ecosystem for recreation, biodiversity, water quality, flood attenuation, climate
	www.iucn.org /themes/wani/value/casetable.html (733 words)

	SSRN-Economic Value Measurement: Investment Recovery and Value Added - IRVA by Ignacio Velez-Pareja
		In Velez-Pareja, (1999b and 1999c), some difficulties of EVA as an approach for the measurement of economic added value were considered.
		In those papers, the use of real economic value added based on the real free cash flow was suggested.
		In Velez-Pareja (1999a and 2000), a methodology was presented to determine and to construct the free cash flow of a firm.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=223429 (250 words)

	Economic Value of Florida's Freshwater Fisheries
		The study was conducted under a grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and is the benchmark for this type economic analysis and one portion of it allows state comparisons.
		This economic boon to the state of Florida sustains nearly 20,000 jobs and provided recreation for 1.316 million anglers (resident and non-resident), who spent 20.840 million days fishing.
		Based on the survey done in 1996 (numbers will be updated with 2001 information when available) an average angler spent $18.20 per hour fishing (high was for non-resident bass anglers at $43.89 and low was for resident canepole fishermen at $5.94 per hour).
	myfwc.com /fishing/updates/economic.html (468 words)

	The Economic Value of Housework
		The Labor Department is now designing questionnaires, survey samples and software for the first government-funded research that will track 2,000 respondents as part of a monthly population survey.
		Unpaid child care is one of the largest oversights of economic record-keeping, Gager said.
		Village markets run by women who barter and operate small farms often fall under the economic radar, choking the flow of capital.
	www.partnershipway.org /html/subpages/articles/valueofhouseword.htm (1227 words)

	Economic Value Added, EVA Definition, EVA Accounting Adjustments, EVA Concept
		Value Audit uncovers the true economics of a business and its industry by calculating the Economic Profit or Economic Value Added (EVA = NOPAT– Capital Charge).
		EVA Accounting Adjustment Analysis - Economic adjustments to accounting statements provide businesses with a more accurate understanding of their true operating performance.
		Economic Profit / Economic Value Added (EVA) Dashboard - Our dynamic intranet management dashboard provides a snapshot view that allows management to review economic profit for each of their business units as well as provides a drill down to potential drivers, all of which is integrated with the companies financial management system.
	www.idgcapitalgroup.com /Value_Audit.htm (164 words)

	Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts Homepage
		Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts Homepage
		This web site will be used to list recent case studies of the economic value of weather and climate forecasts which were not included in the book Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts (Publisher: Cambridge University Press), and to maintain a dynamic source of information regarding this subject.
		Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts (Publisher: Cambridge University Press) is a book edited by Richard Katz and Allan Murphy.
	www.esig.ucar.edu /HP_rick/esig.html (340 words)

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