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Topic: Van der Waals

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	Van der Waals force - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In chemistry, the term Van der Waals force originally referred to all forms of intermolecular forces; however, in modern usage it tends to refer to intermolecular forces that deal with forces due to the polarization of molecules.
		Van der Waals interactions are observed in noble gases, which are very stable and tend not to interact.
		The London-Van der Waals force is related to the Casimir effect for dielectric media, the former the microscopic description of the latter bulk property.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Van_der_Waals_force (754 words)

	Van der Waals radius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The van der Waals radius of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere which can be used to model the atom for many purposes.
		Van der Waals radii are determined from measurements of atomic spacing between pairs of unbonded atoms in crystals.
		The van der Waals radius is named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius (341 words)

	Johannes Diderik van der Waals - Wikipedia
		1866 übernahm van der Waals eine Stelle an einer weiterführenden Schule in Den Haag, an der er später auch Schuldirektor wurde.
		Van der Waals schloss 1873 sein Studium mit einer Dissertation in Physik ab.
		Informationen der Nobelstiftung zur Preisverleihung 1910 für Johannes Diderik van der Waals (englisch)
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals (278 words)

	Van der Waals force - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In chemistry, the term van der Waals force originally referred to all forms of intermolecular forces; however, in modern usage it tends to refer only to London forces: those forces which arise from induced rather than permanent dipoles.
		Van der Waals interactions are observed in noble gases, which are very stable and tend not to interact, that is why it is difficult to condense them into liquids.
		The van der Waals force is the force to which the gecko's unique ability to cling to smooth surfaces is attributed.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Van_der_Waals_force (540 words)

	Van der Waals force -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Van der Waals interactions are observed in (Click link for more info and facts about noble gases) noble gases, which are very stable and tend not to interact.
		The Van der Waals force is the force to which the (Any of various small chiefly tropical and usually nocturnal insectivorous terrestrial lizards typically with immovable eyelids; completely harmless) gecko's unique ability to cling to smooth surfaces is attributed.
		The London-Van der Waals force is related to the (Click link for more info and facts about Casimir effect) Casimir effect for dielectric media, the former the microscopic description of the latter bulk property.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/va/van_der_waals_force.htm (737 words)

	J. D. van der Waals - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Johannes Diderik van der Waals was born on November 23, 1837 in Leyden, The Netherlands, the son of Jacobus van der Waals and Elisabeth van den Burg.
		The immediate cause of Van der Waals' interest in the subject of his thesis was R. Clausius' treatise considering heat as a phenomenon of motion, which led him to look for an explanation for T. Andrews' experiments (1869) revealing the existence of "critical temperatures " in gases.
		It was Van der Waals' genius that made him see the necessity of taking into account the volumes of molecules and the intermolecular forces ("Van der Waals forces", as they are now generally called) in establishing the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of gases and liquids.
	www.nobel.se /physics/laureates/1910/waals-bio.html (908 words)

	Van Der Waals Bonding Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Van der Waals bonding, also known as London force, instantaneous dipole effect, and induced dipole interaction, is an intermolecular force or interatomic force that causes an attraction between temporarily induced dipoles in nonpolar molecules and atoms.
		Van der Waals bonding is much weaker than both ionic and covalent bonding, and usually weaker than hydrogen bonds.
		Van der Waals bonding is the sole process by which noble gases are attracted to each other, and the dominant form of interaction between electrically neutral species with all of their bonds saturated.
	www.createdbygod.com /encyclopedia/Van_der_Waals_bonding (711 words)

	Deviations from Ideal Gas Law Behavior:
		Van der Waals realized that two of the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory were questionable.
		Van der Waals proposed that we correct for the fact that the volume of a real gas is too large at high pressures by subtracting a term from the volume of the real gas before we substitute it into the ideal gas equation.
		According to the table of van der Waals constants, the volume of a mole of argon atoms is 0.03219 liters.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch4/deviation5.html (1258 words)

	Waals, Johannes Diederik van der
		A self-educated man who took advantage of the opportunities offered by the University of Leiden, van der Waals first attracted notice in 1873 with his doctoral treatise "On the Continuity of the Liquid and Gaseous State," for which he was awarded a doctorate.
		Van der Waals was appointed professor of physics at the University of Amsterdam in 1877, a post he retained until 1907.
		The van der Waals forces, weak attractive forces between atoms or molecules, were named in
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/628_5.html (266 words)

	KNAW > Van der Waals > Scientists > Van der Waals
		Modern calculations on the Van der Waals mixture model were performed by computer, and confirmed the correctness of Korteweg’s analytical and numerical results.
		In 1893, Van der Waals found to his dismay that his new, profound theory of the continuous interface between liquid and vapor did not agree with experiment at the critical point.
		Van Laar, however, showed that the phase diagrams experimentally discovered in Leiden for two-component mixtures could all be derived from the Van der Waals equation.
	www.knaw.nl /waals/scientist.html (942 words)

	JOHANNES DIDERIK VAN DER WAALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Leiden 23 november 1837 - Amsterdam 8 maart 1923) was een Nederlands natuurkundige.
		Op 14 juni 1873 promoveerde Van der Waals in Leiden na het indienen van zijn proefschrift "Over de continuïteit van den gas- en vloeistoftoestand", een beroemd geworden verhandeling.
		Op 12 december 1877 werd Van der Waals de eerste hoogleraar natuurkunde aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/J/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals (251 words)

	van der waals
		van der waals çekimi demek daha doðrudur.bu yüzden molekülün kütlesi arttýkça van der waals da artar, buna raðmen dipol-dipol ya da að örgülü baðlarla karþýlaþtýrýlamayacak kadar zayýftýr.
		ingilizce'de van der waals bond olarak bilinen bað çeþidi.
		van der waals denklemi de bunlardan en $ukela olanýdýr.
	sozluk.sourtimes.org /show.asp?t=van+der+waals (235 words)

	Johannes Diderik van der Waals laureát Nobelovy ceny \| životopis
		Johannes Diderik van der Waals laureát Nobelovy ceny
		Van der Waals se zabýval problémem spojitosti plynného a kapalného stavu látek.
		Waals předpokládal existenci pozvolné, následně velmi prudké, změny hustoty na rozhraní mezi kapalinou a párou.
	www.converter.cz /fyzici/waals.htm (227 words)

	VAN-DER-WAALS-GLEICHUNG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sie wurde zuerst von Johannes Diderik van der Waals aufgestellt.
		Gase verhalten sich in der Praxis nicht exakt nach dem einfachen Modell des idealen Gases, da sie aus Molekülen mit einer Ausdehnung größer als Null bestehen, zwischen denen es Wechselwirkungen gibt.
		Der Bereich, in dem die Van-der-Waals-Kurve von der tatsächlichen Isothermen abweicht, stellt einen zweiphasigen Bereich des pV-Diagramms dar, in dem eine flüssige und eine gasförmige Phase koexisteren.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/V/Van-der-Waals-Gleichung (290 words)

	Force de van der Waals - Wikipédia
		Une liaison de van der Waals est une interaction de faible intensité entre atomes, molécules, ou une molécule et un cristal.
		La liaison van der Waals n'entre pas dans le cadre des liaisons chimiques, en ce sens que les électrons restent sur leurs atomes (ou molécules) respectifs (les termes d'échanges restent négligeables).
		Les forces de van der Waals participent ainsi à la physisorption, entrent en jeu dans le phénomène de capillarité.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Force_de_Van_der_Waals (445 words)

	Encyclopedia: Van der Waals force
		The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 (old-style Group 0) of the periodic table.
		In mathematics, an ellipse (from the Greek for absence) is a plane algebraic curve where the sum of the distances from any point on the curve to two fixed points is constant.
		London forces, named after the German physicist Fritz London, are weak intermolecular forces that arise from the attractive force between transient dipoles (or better multipoles) in otherwise nonpolar molecules.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Van-der-Waals-force (1446 words)

	2.5.1 The van der Waals Equation
		So van der Waals argued that in the ideal gas law V should be replace by V - nb, the actual volume available to the gas.
		Van der Waals accounted for those by reasoning as follows: pressure is caused by impacts of molecules on the walls of the container holding a gas.
		The result of these two changes is van der Waals' equation 2.5.1.
	scholar.chem.nyu.edu /0651/notes/pchem/node25.html (647 words)

	van der Waals forces -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article
		Solids held together by van der Waals forces typically have lower melting points and are softer than those held together by ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds (see bonding).
		The forces are named for the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, who in 1873 first postulated these intermolecular forces in developing a theory to account for the properties of real gases.
		Van der Waals received the Nobel prize in physics in 1910 for his research on the gaseous and liquid states of matter in which he developed a formula for the continuity of all gases, the van der Waals equation.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?tocId=9381763 (942 words)

	Encyclopedia: Van der Waals radius
		Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.
		van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals (November 23, 1837 – March 8, 1923) was a Dutch scientist famous for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids, for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1910.
		Particularly useful and well known is the van der Waals equation of state: (P + a/V
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Van-der-Waals-radius (627 words)

	Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hij bekend door zijn werk op gebied van gassen en vloeistoffen waarvoor hij een in 1910 een Nobelprijs kreeg.
		Op 14 juni 1873 promoveerde Van der Waals in Leiden het indienen van zijn proefschrift "Over de van den gas- en vloeistoftoestand" een beroemd verhandeling.
		Op 12 december 1877 werd Van der Waals de eerste natuurkunde aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam.
	nl.freeglossary.com /Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals (216 words)

	van der Waals Equation of State
		A modification of the ideal gas law was proposed by Johannes D. van der Waals in 1873 to take into account molecular size and molecular interaction forces.
		It is usually referred to as the van der Waals equation of state.
		The van der Waals equation of state approaches the ideal gas law PV=nRT as the values of these constants approach zero.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/kinetic/waal.html (408 words)

	wer-weiss-was \| "Van der Waals Kräfte (oder wie auch immer)" \| aus Forum Biologie und Chemie
		Re: Van der Waals Kräfte (oder wie auch immer) (H a r a l d W e d e n i g, 10.10.1999 10:25)
		Van der Waals Kräfte (oder wie auch immer)
		Ich schreib' bald in der Schule eine Arbeit in Chemie und sollte dafür unbedingt wissen was Van der Waals Kräfte sind.
	www.wer-weiss-was.de /theme51/article38964.html (310 words)

	Study Room - Chemistry - Structure & Bonding - van der Waals Forces
		The bigger a molecule is, the easier it is to polarise (to form a dipole), and so the van der Waal's forces get stronger, so bigger molecules exist as liquids or solids rather than gases.
		The bigger the 'surface area' of a molecule, the greater the van der Waal's forces will be and the higher the melting and boiling points of the compound will be.
		Van der Waal's forces are of the order of 1% of the strength of a covalent bond.
	www.examstutor.com /chemistry/resources/studyroom/bonding/intermolecular_forces/2_van_de_waals_forces.php (215 words)

	AllRefer.com - Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Johannes Diderik van der Waals[yOhA´nus dE´durik vAn dur vAls] Pronunciation Key, 1837–1923, Dutch physicist.
		It had been known for some time that the behavior of real gases differs from that of an ideal gas as predicted by thermodynamics and the kinetic-molecular theory of gases.
		Van der Waals was led to the hypothesis of the continuity of the gaseous and liquid states of matter by combining the kinetic theory of gases with Laplace's theory of capillarity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/vandrWls.html (222 words)

	EvolvingCode.net - van der Waals forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Van der Waal forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces that exist between neutral molecules and atoms.
		Van der Waal forces are also referred to as London Dispersion forces.
		Van der Waal forces are the weakest among these intermolecular forces.
	phenotype.biosci.umbc.edu /index.php?page=van_der_Waals_forces (210 words)

	Van der Waals Interaction
		In fact, the macroscopic contribution to the van der Waals force is the same in each of the three systems described below, as it depends only on the tip-surface separation, macroscopic sphere radius, cone-angle and Hamaker constant of the system.
		All these quantities are identical in each system we look at, so that the van der Waals force acts as a background attractive force independent of the microscopic properties of the system.
		This effectively means that only the top layer of the sample contributes to the van der Waals force, and there are not enough ions in that layer for it to be significant.
	www.fyslab.hut.fi /~asf/physics/thesis1/node80.html (314 words)

	Re: Van der Waals constant (b) for neon
		While teaching the Van der Waal's equation for real gases, I came across something i did not completely understand: If the "b" constant is correlated to molecular volume, why would the b value for neon be smaller than the value for H or He?
		You see, the stronger the non-bonded intermolecular (that is, the van der Waals) forces, the more closely the molecules will be able to approach each other and the lower the value of the b constant.
		One source of van der Waals interactions is thought to be "induced-dipole/induced-dipole" interactions, in which a temporary dipole in one molecule induces an opposite dipole in a neighbor.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/feb98/887638249.Ch.r.html (592 words)

	Chemical Bonds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Water molecules in liquid water are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, and these forces have been described as van der Waals forces or van der Waals bonds.
		Even though the water molecule as a whole is electrically neutral, the distribution of charge in the molecule is not symmetrical and leads to a dipole moment - a microscopic separation of the positive and negative charge centers.
		Examination of the dipole electric field shows that the electric field from one instantaneous dipole will tend to polarize a neighboring molecule such that it will be attracted - sort of the electrical analog to a bar magnet magnetizing a paper clip so that it will be attracted to the magnet.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/chemical/waal.html (241 words)

	VAN DER WAALS STRAAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wanneer twee naburige atomen geen chemische binding ondergaan, trekken zij elkaar toch aan, dit staat bekend als de van der Waals wisselwerking.
		Benaderen zij elkaar te dicht dan treedt er echter een afstotende kracht in werking, ten gevolge van te toenemende overlap tussen de negatief geladen elektronen van de atomen.
		Door vergelijking van de van der Waals afstanden van veel atoomparen is men tot een systeem gekomen van van der Waals stralen waarmee men -door optelling-de van der Waals afstand tussen twee atomen kan voorspellen.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/V/Van_der_Waals_straal (139 words)

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