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Topic: Van der Waals equation

	Van der Waals equation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The van der Waals equation is an equation of state for a fluid composed of particles that have a non-zero size and a pairwise attractive inter-particle force (such as the van der Waals force.) It was derived by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873, based on a modification of the ideal gas law.
		The derivation of the van der Waals equation begins with the equation of state of an ideal gas, which is composed of non-interacting point particles:
		The equation is also usable as a PVT equation for compressible fluids (e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Van_der_Waals_equation (901 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Johannes Diderik van der Waals
		Van der Waals was the first to realize the necessity of taking into account the volumes of molecules and the intermolecular forces (now generally called "van der Waals forces") in establishing the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of gases and liquids.
		Van der Waals was born in Leiden, the Netherlands, as the son of Jacobus van der Waals and Elisabeth van den Burg.
		Van der Waals is one of the most distinguished men in thermodynamics and author of an equation of state that has become the basis of all modern equations of state and theories of mixtures.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Johannes-Diderik-van-der-Waals (1034 words)

	Van der Waals radius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The van der Waals radius of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere which can be used to model the atom for many purposes.
		Van der Waals radii are determined from measurements of atomic spacing between pairs of unbonded atoms in crystals.
		The van der Waals volume of a molecule or system of molecules is the sum of the union of the van der Waals spheres of the atoms in the system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius (359 words)

	Deviations from Ideal Gas Law Behavior: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Van der Waals proposed that we correct for the fact that the volume of a real gas is too large at high pressures by subtracting a term from the volume of the real gas before we substitute it into the ideal gas equation.
		According to the ideal gas equation, the pressure would have to be increased to 112 atm to compress 1.00 mol of CO at 0C to a volume of 0.200 L. The van der Waals equation, however, predicts that the pressure will only have to increase to 52.6 atm to achieve the same results.
		According to the table of van der Waals constants, the volume of a mole of argon atoms is 0.03219 liters.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch4/deviation5.html (1258 words)

	Kyle Detweiler
		Johannes Diderik van der Waals was born in Leyden in 1873 and died in 1923.
		In 1980 van der waals had done it again he related his equation of state with the second law of thermodynamics in the form proposed by a W. Gibbs.
		Van der Waals thought that there was a very rapid change in density at the point between liquid and vapor.
	www.hesston.edu /academic/FACULTY/NELSONK/PhysicsResearch/Waals (910 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While the equation is definitely superior to the ideal gas law and does predict the formation of a liquid phase, the agreement with experimental data is limited for conditions where the liquid forms.
		While superior to the van der Waals equation of state, it performs poorly with respect to the liquid phase and thus cannot be used for accurately calculating vapor-liquid equilibria.
		The source for the van der Waals constants and for the literature densities was: R. Weast (Ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (53rd Edn.), Cleveland:Chemical...
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/V/Van-der-Waals-equation.htm (892 words)

	Van der Waals bonding: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In chemistry, the term van der waals force originally referred to all forms of intermolecular forces; however, in modern usage it tends to refer only to london...
		The van der waals equation is an equation of state for a fluid composed of particles that have a non-zero size and a pairwise attractive inter-particle force...
		Johannes diderik van der waals (november 23, 1837 - march 8, 1923) was a dutch scientist famous "for his work on the equation of state for...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/va/van_der_waals_bonding.htm (1117 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the periodic table, atomic radii increase down a group as new electron shells are added, and decrease left-to-right as the nuclear charge (or number of protons) is increased - an important exception are the noble gases.
		The van der Waals radius is named after van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics.
		In chemistry van der Waals strain is strain resulting from van der Waals">van der Waals repulsion when two substituents in a molecule approach each other with a distance less than the sum of their Van der Waals radius">van der Waals radii.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/v/van-der-Waals-radius.htm (490 words)

	Van der Waals equation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Van der Waals equation is an equation of state for a fluid composed of particles that have a size and a pairwise attractive inter-particle force (such as the Van der Waals force.) It was derived by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873 based on a modification of the ideal gas law.
		However in the first-order phase transition range of (P V T) (between liquid phase and a gaseous phase) it does not exhibit that a given temperature the vapor pressure is constant for varying values of i.e.
		The derivation of the Van der Waals begins with the equation of state of ideal gas which is composed of non-interacting particles:
	www.freeglossary.com /Van_der_Waals_equation (472 words)

	J. D. van der Waals - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Johannes Diderik van der Waals was born on November 23, 1837 in Leyden, The Netherlands, the son of Jacobus van der Waals and Elisabeth van den Burg.
		The immediate cause of Van der Waals' interest in the subject of his thesis was R. Clausius' treatise considering heat as a phenomenon of motion, which led him to look for an explanation for T. Andrews' experiments (1869) revealing the existence of "critical temperatures " in gases.
		It was Van der Waals' genius that made him see the necessity of taking into account the volumes of molecules and the intermolecular forces ("Van der Waals forces", as they are now generally called) in establishing the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of gases and liquids.
	www.nobel.se /physics/laureates/1910/waals-bio.html (916 words)

	van (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The van der Waals Equation is basically a complex adjustment to the ideal gas law.
		Van der Waals first correction came to the differences discovered between the ideal volumes of gases and their measured volumes.
		Van der Waals also added a correction to the pressure of a gas that includes the attractive forces between the gas molecules.
	www.sdsc.edu /Education/Elemnet/emilik/CP/gasvan.html (548 words)

	van der Waals Equation of State
		A modification of the ideal gas law was proposed by Johannes D. van der Waals in 1873 to take into account molecular size and molecular interaction forces.
		It is usually referred to as the van der Waals equation of state.
		The van der Waals equation of state approaches the ideal gas law PV=nRT as the values of these constants approach zero.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/kinetic/waal.html (408 words)

	Equation of state: The Van der Waals equation
		Van der Waals was able to show that an equation of state appropriate for the hard-sphere gas at low density is
		It is clear that the Van der Waals equation predicts a deviation from ideal behavior.
		The prediction of an integer value for this particular critical exponent is one of the failings of the Van der Waals equation.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/tuckerman/honors.chem/lectures/lecture_10/node4.html (1159 words)

	Johannes Diederik van der Waals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A self-educated man who took advantage of the opportunities offered by the University of Leiden, van der Waals first attracted notice in 1873 with his doctoral treatise "On the Continuity of the Liquid and Gaseous State," for which he was awarded a doctorate.
		Van der Waals was appointed professor of physics at the University of Amsterdam in 1877, a post he retained until 1907.
		The van der Waals forces, weak attractive forces between atoms or molecules, were named in his honour.
	www.nobel-winners.com /Physics/johannes_diederik_van_der_waals.html (294 words)

	Van der Waals radius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Particularly useful and well known is the van der Waals equation of state:
		The van der Waals equation also has a microscopic interpretation.
		The other term that is introduced in the van der Waals equation,
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius (359 words)

	[No title]
		2.4 van der Waals’ equation The pressure, P, volume, V, and temperature, T (on the Kelvin scale) of n moles of gas are related by [P + (an2/V2)](V — nb) = nRT 2.1 where a and b are constants and R is the universal gas constant.
		Equation 2.1 can be rearranged to give P = [nRT/(V — nb)] — (an2/V2) 2.2 Use eqn 2.2 to calculate the pressure of 1.00 mol of nitrogen which occupies 1.00 x 10-4 m3 (100 cubic centimetre) at 0.00oC.
		Thus the van der Waals’ equation becomes important when the dimensions of molecules are not negligible.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /physics/px1011a/l2.doc (974 words)

	Johannes Diderik van der Waals
		Johannes Diderik van der Waals (November 23, 1837 – March 8, 1923) was a Dutch scientist famous "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids", for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1910.
		Van der Waals was the first to realise the necessity of taking into account the volumes of molecules and the intermolecular forces (now generally called "van der Waals forces") in establishing the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of gases and liquids.
		In 1873, he obtained a doctorate degree for his thesis entitled "Over de Continuïteit van den Gas- en Vloeistoftoestand" (On the continuity of the gas and liquid state).
	www.mlahanas.de /Physics/Bios/JohannesDiderikVanDerWaals.html (234 words)

	Equation Of State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In physics, equations of state attempt to describe the relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume for a given substance or mixture of substances.
		The Redlich-Kwong equation is adequate for calculation of gas phase properties when the ratio of the pressure to the critical pressure is less than about one-half of the ratio of the temperature to the critical temperature.
		This equation mispredicts the specific heat capacity of water but few alternatives are available for severely nonisentropic processes such as strong shocks.
	www.wikiverse.org /equation-of-state (1455 words)

	van der Waals Equation: the "root" function in Mathcad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Calculate the volume of the cylinder using the van der Waals equation, if the a and b constants are known.
		The van der Waals formula is a third degree equation for the volume:
		It must be borne in mind that for a third degree equation there are three solutions and which root is found depends on the initialization value.
	www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk /PMF/Chemistry/wmc-vdw1.html (185 words)

	Real Gases and the van der Waals Equation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Based on experiments on pure gases in his laboratory, van der Waals recognized that the variation of each gas from ideal behavior could be treated by introducing two additional terms into the ideal gas equation.
		In the van der Waals equation the constant "a" is a correction term for intermolecular force and "b" is a correction for the real volume of the gas molecules.
		Intermolecular forces are often lumped together and called van der Waals' forces in recognition of his being the first to recognize their existance.
	neon.chem.uidaho.edu /~honors/real.html (912 words)

	Van der waals radius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/van_der_waals_radius (161 words)

	Van der waals equation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Start the Van der waals equation article or add a request for it.
		Look for Van der waals equation in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Van der waals equation in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/van_der_waals_equation (161 words)

	Chem1 Properties of gases: Real Gases
		van der Waals recognized that the molecules themselves take up space that subtracts from the volume of the container, so that the “volume of the gas” V in the ideal gas equation should be replaced by the term (V-b) which is called the excluded volume, typically of the order of 20-100 cm
		The van der Waals equation is only one of many equations of state for real gases.
		Various general equations of state have been devised in which adjustable constants are used to approximate the behavior of a particular gas.
	www.chem1.com /acad/webtext/gas/gas_6.html (2230 words)

	2.5.1 The van der Waals Equation
		So van der Waals argued that in the ideal gas law V should be replace by V - nb, the actual volume available to the gas.
		Van der Waals accounted for those by reasoning as follows: pressure is caused by impacts of molecules on the walls of the container holding a gas.
		The result of these two changes is van der Waals' equation 2.5.1.
	scholar.chem.nyu.edu /0651/notes/pchem/node25.html (647 words)

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