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Topic: Vapor Transmission

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	Vapor Retarders and Vapor Transmission
		Excessive concrete moisture vapor emission is known to cause distress or failure in modern floor covering and resinous coating systems.
		Excessive concrete moisture vapor emission can be traced to four potential sources.
		Moisture in the blotter course transmits vapor into the slab, which translates into excessive concrete moisture vapor emission.
	www.moisturetesting.com /vapor_retarders_and_vapor_transmission.htm (1387 words)

	Smart Vapor Retarders - Details
		Vapor retarders are intended to prevent the transmission of water vapor.
		A vapor retarder can be a component of a wall, ceiling, or floor element that retards the rate at which water vapor moves under specified conditions.
		The benefit derived from smart vapor retarders is for areas of the country with elevated interior wall cavity humidity levels during the cooling season, thus increasing the opportunity for drying by diffusion.
	www.toolbase.org /techinv/techDetails.aspx?technologyID=245 (648 words)

	Vapor Barrier Films
		Vapor barrier films come in a range of types for various specific applications and, on the whole, are easily available, inexpensive, usually heat sealable, and extremely efficient.
		In the simplest laminated structure using aluminum foil as the water vapor barrier, an outer layer of oriented polypropylene or nylon protects the fragile metal layer from being easily stretched or broken and further serves to decrease permeability to oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
		Transmission characteristics for atmospheric gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide are harder to find in the manufacturers' data sheets for most of these films, since the films are primarily considered water vapor barriers for storage of sensitive equipment.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /waac/wn/wn14/wn14-2/wn14-204.html (3466 words)

	KIMMCO Technical FAQs
		Perm is a traditional unit of water vapor permeability, that is, the ability of a material to permit the passage of water vapor.
		The amount of water vapor passing through a given area of a plastic sheet or film in a given time, when the sheet or film is maintained at a constant temperature and when its faces are exposed to certain different relative humidities.
		Therefore, the vapor retarder should be placed to the predominately warm side to prevent the moisture from migrating with the heat flow to the cold side, reaching the dew point, and creating a liquid moisture problem.
	www.alghanim.com /contentdisp.asp?pageId=780 (1364 words)

	PRM Concrete - Vapor Retarders Under Slabs on Grade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Vapor retarders are materials that will minimize the transmission of water vapor from the soil support system through a concrete slab.
		A vapor pressure gradient, where a higher concentration of water vapor (higher relative humidity) in a warm subgrade will cause water vapor to rise through the concrete to the slab surface when the ambient air is cool, dry, and at a lower relative humidity.
		Vapor retarders under concrete slabs on grade should be used only when adverse moisture migration conditions can cause problems with the anticipated service conditions of a concrete floor.
	www.prmconcrete.com /vapor.htm (1143 words)

	Facts #4 - Facts About Fiber Glass Insulation and Vapor Retarders (BI451)
		A vapor retarder is defined as a material or system which adequately retards the transmission of water vapor.
		The main reason to retard the transmission of water vapor through building envelopes is to prevent it from condensing to liquid water within the structure.
		When a vapor retarder is desired and blown-in ceiling insulation is used, a combination of faced batts/blown-in insulation or a vapor retarder ceiling paint can be used.
	www.naima.org /pages/resources/library/html/BI451.HTML (1716 words)

	InteliCoat™ - Comprehensive Coating Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Film/foam laminates blend cushioning, insulation and high moisture vapor transmission rate of polyurethane foams with the conformability, breathability, waterproofness and microbial barrier properties of thin films.
		Where enhanced moisture vapor transmission rates are required, InteliCoat offer a novel acrylate system, which when coated onto thin film, displays a class-leading moisture vapor transmission rate in excess of 1600g/sm/2hrs.
		Our unique hydrogel pressure-sensitive adhesive has the ability to stick to damp skin, be repositioned and displays a moisture vapor transmission rate in excess of 2,400/sm/24hrs excellent adhesion and low trauma "soft peel" removal for the ultimate in adhesive performance.
	www.intelicoat.com /pages.php?pid=medical_products (310 words)

	Professional Consultants International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Vapor transmission occurs when there is an area of high vapor pressure, such as damp concrete or cool, wet soil that moves toward an area of low vapor pressure, such as a dry, warm building interior.
		Unfortunately, moisture vapor transmission is slow and insidious, and problems are often discovered long after a building has been completed, conditioned, and literally dried out from the construction process.
		While a properly designed and constructed vapor retarder placed beneath a concrete slab is a good preventative measure, it is not a guarantee against vapor transmission, as demonstrated by the performance history of the blotter layer type of vapor retarder assembly.
	www.proconweb.com /23901.html?sessionidkey=sessionidval (3614 words)

	LAMTEC - Water Vapor Transmission. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This vapor pressure difference is the driving force causing water vapor diffusion.
		Vapor retarder facings are available in a wide variety of styles and performance properties.
		Vapor retarders with water vapor transmission rates greater that 0.10 perms are no longer acceptable for low permeance applications.
	www.lamtec.com /water_vapor.htm (774 words)

	Vapor Transmission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The instrument measures water vapor transmission rate through a variety of materials under a variety of imposed conditions.
		Measure moisture vapor transmission rates in the range of 0.0002 to 64.5 g/100in2/day, with the Model 7000 Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate Analyzer (MVTR) which is...
		MVTR stands for "Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate", a measure of the passage of water vapour through a substance.
	coefficentfriction.feckfriction.com /vaportransmission (793 words)

	CRDEssay: What is the difference between permeance and permeability?
		Water vapor permeance is also a measurement of vapor transmission, however it is a performance evaluation, and not a property of a material.
		Water vapor permeance is commonly used for reporting the water vapor that passes through thin materials such as insulation coatings.
		Definition: The amount of water vapor passing through a given area of a plastic sheet or film in a given time, when the sheet or film is maintained at a constant temperature and when its faces are exposed to certain different relative humidities.
	alcor.concordia.ca /~raojw/crd/essay/essay000287.html (485 words)

	Orgy: Vapor Transmissions (2000): Reviews
		Vapor Transmissions is a hymnal for brave new citizens who have adopted The Matrix as a religion while using artifice as deception for their sinister subtexts.
		Vapor Transmission, the follow-up to Orgy's 1998 debut, Candyass, is as sci-fi, inorganic and over-produced as the title implies.
		Perhaps Vapor’s biggest problems are that it’s a copycat album, and it can’t hold up to the brilliance of Manson’s concept or lyrics and it steals its main idea from The Matrix.
	www.metacritic.com /music/artists/orgy/vaportransmissions (876 words)

	Reducing Bond Failures Caused by Moisture Vapor Transmission By: Robert R. Cain - The Concrete Network
		It is the flow of moisture or moisture vapor, better described as moisture vapor transmission, that causes most adhesion problems.
		Water or, more importantly, water vapor will migrate to the surface when there is a higher vapor pressure in the concrete than in the air above the surface.4 In many cases, testing for moisture vapor transmission on new buildings is done prior to enclosing the building to allow the flooring contractor to proceed.
		When using an efficient vapor barrier to control moisture vapor transmission, it should be placed directly under the slab and more efficient than six-mil poly, which is easily punctured during concrete placement.
	www.concretenetwork.com /bob_cain/index.html (1793 words)

	[No title]
		On cold water, chilled water, or refrigerant piping, the Contractor shall apply a wet coat of vapor barrier lap cement on all butt joints and seal the joints with a minimum 3 inch wide vapor barrier tape or band.
		Vapor barriers, shall not be penetrated or otherwise damaged.
		Insulation, jacket, and vapor barriers damaged during construction shall be removed and new material shall be installed.
	www.chaffey.edu /3di/division-02-16/15250-con.doc (1671 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Tensile strength measurements (each with 3 replications) were taken on samples oriented in the cross web direction (with force of pull perpendicular to the orientation of the phases) and in the machine direction (with machine force of pull parallel to the orientation of the phases).
		Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate (MVTR) Moisture vapor transmission rates of the samples were tested using either the upright method (A) or inverted method (B) as described below.
		Moisture vapor rates were calculated by the change in weight multiplied by the exposed area divided by the time they were exposed.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/08619.010208&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (10146 words)

	Reducing Bond Failures Caused by Moisture Vapor Transmission By: Robert R. Cain - The Concrete Network
		Section 302.1R-96, subsection 3.2.3 discusses the use of vapor retarders (barriers) and recommends the vapor retarder be placed under a minimum of four inches (100 mm) of compactible, granular fill (Section 4.1.5).
		Once the vapor barrier has been chosen and in place, a good quality concrete and good placement techniques are important.
		The problems of moisture in and under a concrete slab-on-grade are a problem of vapor transmission through the slab.
	www.concretenetwork.com /bob_cain (1793 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		More particularly, the invention is directed to a non-perforated construction sheet material which substantially blocks the flow of air and water but which allows the transmission therethrough of water vapor.
		The laminate construction material comprises a layer of an open weave supporting fabric; and a monolithic layer of extruded resin that adheres to the open weave supporting fabric, the resin layer being substantially impermeable to air and water, the laminate construction material having a water vapor transmission rate exceeding 1 perm of water vapor.
		The resin suitable for extrusion coating onto the open weave supporting fabric according to the present invention may be any polymeric material which, when applied to the open weave supporting fabric, has a water vapor transmission rate exceeding 1 perm of water vapor.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/30899.990624&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1690 words)

	Orgy : Vapor Transmission - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect
		In 1998, Orgy made an impressive entrance with their cover of New Order's "Blue Monday." Their follow-up single, "Stitches," was enough of a hit to give them the push they needed to remain mainstays on radio and MTV.
		With their second album Vapor Transmission, they return to deliver another set of electronic-laden rockers, but this time out they do so with slicker production and improved songwriting.
		Although proving to not be an album of innovation, what the sci-fi tinged Vapor Transmission does accomplish is showcasing more of the "pop" in Orgy's self-labeled "death pop" music by mixing an energetic blend of soaring singalong choruses, catchy hooks, layered guitars, and polished production techniques.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,1055116,00.html (351 words)

	Valspar Flooring - Moisture Treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As a result, moisture vapor emission testing is a standard checkpoint for all performance flooring installations.
		Addressing this important issue, Valspar Flooring offers a selection of moisture vapor transmission products that are fully compatible with our decorative and industrial floor and coating systems.
		Waterborne epoxy primer that can be used as a moisture vapor treatment or as a green concrete primer.
	www.valspar.com /valsparflooring/p3_moisture.jsp (238 words)

	Narcote - Quality Coated and Laminated Composite Fabrics
		Narcote's laminate is a non-microporous polyetherester film bonded by a polyurethane adhesive to various fabrics in a finely dispersed dot pattern to allow for better vapor transmission or breathability.
		The physical process of vapor transmission is accomplished by absorption, diffusion and desorption Vapor enters the membrane and is transported along molecular chains of this block copolymer to reach equilibrium with the the outside atmosphere, sometimes referred to as reverse osmosis.
		Exact measurements must be made under controlled conditions as ASTM E96 B. The membrane is waterproof and air tight, allowing only vapor transmission due to the differentials previously outlined.
	www.narcote.com /prodapp.html (148 words)

	WBDG: Mold and Moisture Dynamics
		Vapor Retarders: A membrane or paint film having a water vapor transmission rate of less than one perm, used to reduce the rate and volume of water vapor diffusion through ceilings, walls, or floors.
		Vapor Diffusion: Differences in water vapor pressures between inside and outside of the building envelope cause water vapor to move by diffusion through the building envelope and through building materials.
		Water vapor will be driven from high vapor pressure areas to lower pressure; in winter from the inside toward the exterior; in air-conditioned buildings in warm climates toward the interior.
	www.wbdg.org /design/moisturedynamics.php (4092 words)

	Impact Analytical - Water Vapor Transmission Rate Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) Testing is performed on flat films, as well as flexible and rigid packages.
		As water solubilizes into the film and permeates through the sample material, nitrogen sweeps the opposite side of the film and transports the transmitted water vapor molecules to the calibrated infrared sensor.
		The response is reported as a transmission rate: when multiplied by the average thickness of the material, the result is a permeability rate.
	www.impactanalytical.com /wvtransrate.html (128 words)

	Tile Crack Prevention Membranes,Waterproof Membranes,Impact and Airborne Sound Control Membranes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		True hydrostatic pressure compared to moisture vapor transmission is a totally different animal; hydrostatic pressure can often exert enough physical pressure to lift an entire concrete slab out of the ground!
		It can take over 11/2 years for the average 4 inch thick elevated concrete slab with an average water cement ratio of 0.5 to reach what is considered a “safe” level of moisture vapor transmission.
		This test is a simple, cost effective method for assessing the presence of damaging moisture vapor transmission.
	www.noblecompany.com /articles/moisture_related_failure.html (1941 words)

	Surface Preparation
		A 10 mil minimum vapor barrier is necessary to prevent moisture vapor transmission.
		Test for moisture: Coating system bond failures on slabs on grade and elevated/lightweight concrete caused by moisture vapor transmission are the industry's largest single problem and result in extreme frustration from owners, clients, and contractors.
		Applying a moisture vapor transmission reduction system where moisture content is too high for successful resinous flooring applications.
	www.epoxysystems.com /surface_prep.htm (2198 words)

	Orgy's 'Vapor Transmission' Launch Party
		WHAT: A mega-stylish party to celebrate the release of Orgy's new Elementree / Reprise album "Vapor Transmission." Vapor Transmission is Orgy's long awaited follow up to their hit platinum-selling debut "Candyass." Orgy, long an MTV Total Request Live favorite, has teamed up with MTV for this release party.
		With the release of "Vapor Transmission," and the new hit single and video "Fiction (Dreams In Digital)," Orgy is once again poised to dominate the new musical landscape.
		"Vapor Transmission" is the band's musical tour de-force, an album truly light-years beyond its predecessor.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/10-09-2000/0001333455&EDATE= (659 words)

	Understanding Vapor Tramsmission Issues When Coating Concrete
		The pre-construction solution is to use a vapor barrier under the concrete.
		Unfortunately contractors or owners often discover that no vapor barrier was used or that the vapor barrier has probably been torn or damaged, possibly when the concrete was poured.
		Next are special sealers (such as Bio Vee Seal - http://www.epoxyproducts.com/vee4u.html) that soak into the concrete and form crystals within the voids and channels inside the surface of the concrete.
	www.epoxyproducts.com /vapor4u.html (857 words)

	Deep Penetrating Concrete Sealers to Stop Water Migration and Radon
		Vinyl Tile releases from concrete slabs when the vapor transmission rates under the tile are too high.
		This causes the glue to break down and release the tile or in extreme cases the vapor transmission pushes the tile off the surface of the concrete.
		It is often used on driveways, old concrete, basement walls, and concrete with medium to high vapor transmission rates.
	www.concretesealers.com (1495 words)

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