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Topic: Vapour

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water vapour

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	Vapor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vapor or vapour (see spelling differences) is the gaseous state of matter.
		Although vapor and gas are frequently used interchangeably, vapor often carries the connotation of gaseous matter in a state of equilibrium with identical matter in a liquid or solid state below its boiling point.
		Fog, mist and haar are meteorological designations for visible near surface water vapour.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vapour (220 words)

	CBD-57. Vapour Diffusion and Condensation - NRC-IRC
		As the vapour pressures are set by the quantities of vapour in the air, the relative humidity is also given by the ratio between the actual vapour pressure and the saturation vapour pressure at the same temperature.
		Once the vapour pressures on the two sides of the building envelope are known and a selection and arrangement of the building materials has been made, the vapour flow calculation is carried out in a manner similar to that used for heat flow CBD 36).
		The vapour flow resistance of a material is the inverse of the ability of the material to permit vapour to flow, i.e.
	irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /pubs/cbd/cbd057_e.html (2074 words)

	CBD-9. Vapour Barriers in Home Construction - NRC-IRC
		The term "vapour barrier" is one which has come to be accepted in building technology as describing a special class of materials which offer a high resistance to the flow of water vapour.
		If this vapour is allowed to penetrate the interior cladding and insulation it will come in contact with surfaces within the wall that are at a much lower temperature and will condense on these surfaces as water or frost.
		The correct selection of a vapour barrier is influenced largely by the peculiarities of the application for which it is intended, and involves consideration of other properties of the material in addition to its water vapour permeance.
	irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /pubs/cbd/cbd009_e.html (2308 words)

	saturated vapour pressure - an introduction
		The saturated vapour pressure of this liquid at the temperature of the experiment is 130 mmHg.
		A high vapour pressure means that the liquid must be volatile - molecules escape from its surface relatively easily, and aren't very good at sticking back on again either.
		Molecules must be breaking away from the surface as a vapour, because otherwise you wouldn't be able to smell it.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /physical/phaseeqia/vapourpress.html (1460 words)

	Vapour - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Vapour, term for substances in the gaseous state (Gases; Matter, States of).
		The terms vapour and gas can be used interchangeably, although in...
		The relationship between the lowering of vapour pressure and concentration is given by Raoult’s law, which states that the relative lowering of the...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Vapour.html (151 words)

	Moisture, Humidity and Water Vapour
		Relative humidity is the term used to express the amount of water vapour in the air at a given temperature.
		If the amount of water vapour is increased, the relative humidity of the air will also increase, but there comes a time when the air can no longer hold anymore water vapour.
		The ability of air to hold water vapour is directly related to the air temperature, as the air's temperature increases so does its capacity to hold water vapour.
	www.its-canada.com /reed_guest/avb/mhwv.htm (801 words)

	CANUTEC - Articles English - Vapour Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The vapour pressure is the pressure at which a liquid and its vapour are in equilibrium at a given temperature.
		Vapour pressure is measured in units of atmospheres (atm), millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or kilopascals (kPa).
		Vapours would not represent as much of a hazard in the toluene case.
	www.tc.gc.ca /canutec/en/articles/documents/vapour.htm (907 words)

	Water Vapour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Water vapour is the source of clouds and precipitation.
		Water vapour in the atmosphere is an important determining factor in the rate of evaporation and it is a principle greenhouse gas.
		The more water vapour in the air, the higher the dew-point-temperature – the temperature at which unsaturated air becomes saturated when cooled.
	www.ima.gov.tt /water_vapour.htm (78 words)

	Vapour Steam Cleaners: News
		Morclean now arrange shipments of vapour steam and high pressure steam cleaning machines to world-wide locations using sea, or air freight enabling the client to track urgently required consignments.
		Mrs Kelly now operates 3 Morclean vapour steam cleaners and her business is now 100% vapour steam cleaning of the domestic ovens in the Glasgow area.
		Vapour steam cleaners can be used inside for fabric and for interior dashboards as well as under the bonnet for oil and grease removal etc. The amount of water used is drastically reduced, especially useful for when valeting is carried out at the customers premises.
	www.morclean.com /news/2.html (1424 words)

	Determination of water vapour column using IRS-P3 MOS data
		Atmospheric water vapour is given in centimeter precipitable water which is the height of the liquid water column that would emerge when condensing all water vapour in the zenith direction on to one unit area.
		The water vapour path is the amount of the gas, which is penetrated by the radiation on its sun surface-sensor path.
		This seems to be plausible due to contrast in the surface temperature of ocean and land as a result of which water evaporates from the ocean and moves in to the atmosphere over the land.
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/oct25/articles12.htm (1628 words)

	Steam Cleaners, Steam Guns, Vapour Steam Jets
		Vapour Steam: Sanitize, Steam and Vacuum Units: Vapour Steam Applications
		The Morclean heavy duty range is used where grease and oil create the most arduous of applications or where the vapour steam cleaner is used for lengthy periods of time.
		With up to 9 bar pressure for the most demanding of cleaning situations these are the workhorse vapour steam cleaning machines in Morclean's range.
	www.morclean.com /vapour-steam/index.html (763 words)

	Vapour - Robo Wiki -= Collecting Robocode Knowledge =-
		Vapour still moves by a series of waypoints, but with a weighting towards keeping within what I decided was an optimum distance band away from the enemy and moving generally perpendicular to its bearing, with occasional reverses of direction.
		Up to v26 Vapour used only linear targetting, which surprisingly was good enough to keep it atop the melee charts for quite a while agsint more sophisticated targetters.
		This seemed unavoidable with the predcition strategy I was using, however I did have some issues with Vapour often not firing as soon as the gun had cooled, which in melee particularly translates to fewer opportunities to score damage and hence points.
	robowiki.net /cgi-bin/robowiki?Vapour (1800 words)

	Human activity changes global water vapour patterns - SciDev.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Line Gordon, of the University of Stockholm, Sweden, and her colleagues, looked at how much water vapour is being produced around the planet and compared this to estimates of what would have been produced if human activities hadn't modified land-use and vegetation.
		Their study is the first to look at water vapour flows on a global scale.
		Gordon is currently working on combining her data on vapour flows with climate change models to do just that.
	www.scidev.net /News/index.cfm?fuseaction=printarticle&itemid=2083&language=1 (648 words)

	Human activity changes global water vapour patterns - SciDev.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Overall, this is almost exactly offset by the increase in the release of water vapour from irrigation.
		The combined effect, say that authors, is a substantial difference in the distribution of vapour at a global scale compared to what the distribution would have been without human deforestation and irrigation.
		She underlines the need to start analysing the role of water vapour flows in the global climate.
	www.scidev.net /content/news/eng/human-activity-changes-global-water-vapour-patterns.cfm (691 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Water vapour feedback, as derived from current models, approximately doubles the warming from what it would be for fixed water vapour.
		Since the SAR, major improvements have occurred in the treatment of water vapour in models, although detrainment of moisture from clouds remains quite uncertain and discrepancies exist between model water vapour distributions and those observed.
		The radiative properties and evolution of clouds depend on the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, water drops, ice particles, atmospheric aerosols and cloud thickness.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/022.htm (2268 words)

	Water Vapour Initiative
		Water vapour in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere is critically important for overall atmospheric radiative transfer, but, at present, knowledge of the mean distribution of water vapour, variability on seasonal and other timescales, and the controlling processes is limited.
		The main question, clearly related to the role of water vapour in the greenhouse effect, is to determine whether the UT water vapour concentration is under thermodynamic or under dynamic control, and to understand what controls the LS water vapour concentration.
		Water vapour in the upper troposphere is controlled by local and regional circulation patterns and seasonal changes of upper tropospheric temperature.
	www.aero.jussieu.fr /~sparc/Initiatives/h2o.html (891 words)

	ESA - Mars Express - Water and methane maps overlap on Mars: a new clue?
		Recent analyses of ESA’s Mars Express data reveal that concentrations of water vapour and methane in the atmosphere of Mars significantly overlap.
		The PFS team observed that the areas of highest concentration of methane overlap with the areas where water vapour and underground water ice are also concentrated.
		Further investigations are needed to fully understand the correlation between the ice table and the presence and distribution of water vapour and methane in the atmosphere.
	www.esa.int /export/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEML131XDYD_0.html (596 words)

	BBC - Weather Centre - Climate Change - Water Vapour
		Water Vapour is the biggest contributor to the 'natural greenhouse effect' and varies the most in the atmosphere.
		In contrast, air over the tropics is very humid and the atmosphere can contain up to 4% water vapour.
		It is this 'positive feedback' that makes water vapour important in climate change as a small increase in global temperature would lead to a rise in global water vapour levels thus further enhancing the greenhouse effect.
	www.bbc.co.uk /climate/evidence/water_vapour.shtml (116 words)

	Feature: A Visible Suspension - Mod DB
		Vapour is an third party content delivery system.
		Vapour is working on covering a broad range of games along with maps.
		As a mod dev, I reall have to say that the Vapour system is very cool and very simple to use to get your content added to the system.
	features.moddb.com /213/A-Visible-Suspension (2081 words)

	RealClimate » Water vapour: feedback or forcing?
		Water vapour is the principle absorber of this radiation (and acknowledged as such by everybody).
		While water vapour is indeed the most important greenhouse gas, the issue that makes it a feedback (rather than a forcing) is the relatively short residence time for water in the atmosphere (around 10 days).
		It seems that the change in water vapour in the total air column is not correlated to the sea surface temperature, the origin of most of the water vapour...
	www.realclimate.org /index.php?p=142 (18834 words)

	Half-Life 2 Files - Vapour Online: The STEAM for Modifications
		Vapour is an automated content delivery system for games Basically, this project is like Steam except now third-party modifications are in control http://www.vapour-online.com.
		Vapour will allow you to download mods and maps for Doom 3 / Half Life 2 / Quake 3 / Unreal Tournament 2004 (More game support coming soon) Incredibly fast.
		Vapour gives you a place to chat with other gamers about your favorite games.
	halflife2.filefront.com /news/Vapour_Online_The_STEAM_for_Modifications;22812 (1324 words)

	Carnot Vapour compression Refrigeration cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the ideal refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as wet vapour.
		In some cases the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as either saturated vapour or superheated vapour.
		T-s diagram for a vapour compression refrigeration cycle when the refrigerant leaves the evaporator as (a) saturated vapour (b) superheated vapour
	home.iitk.ac.in /~suller/lectures/lec30.htm (147 words)

	How Little Can the Vapour Become? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Because our life is only a vapour of time anyway and when it ends all we are left with is standing before God.
		When this happens, we see just how little that vapour truly is. We see the lack of significance in the things of this life and realize the dire need to lay hold on eternal life.
		That vapour, which appears for a little time and then vanishes away, becomes even smaller than it was the time before.
	home.midwest.net /~etrnlife/Vapour.html (1990 words)

	Vapour Cleaning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A Vapour Cleaning System may look like a vacuum - it is not.
		It is also not the conventional "Steam Cleaner" nor is it a "Pressure Washer".
		Vapour Systems are a new appliance that uses only a little water and a little electricity to SANITIZE, CLEAN and DEODORIZE virtually ANY surface - without using any harmful chemicals!
	www.intersteam.com /vapour_cleaning.htm (134 words)

	BIPM - He vapour pressure scales
		The saturated-vapour pressure/temperature relation for liquid helium provides such a good and reproducible scale that its use as such long pre-dates any internationally agreed scale in the helium range; in fact, it even pre-dates ITS-27.
		However, it proved difficult to reach international agreement on a helium vapour pressure scale.
		He vapour pressure against temperature data, proposed to it by the CCT.
	www.bipm.fr /en/si/history-si/temp_scales/he-vp.html (191 words)

	Diffusion vacuum pump manufacturers in vacuum-guide.com
		For such applications, high and ultra-high vacuum devices such as vapour diffusion pumps, turbomolecular pumps or cryopumps are required.
		In a diffusion pump, a suitable fluid is vaporised in the boiler of the pump at 200-250oC and the vapour is sprayed into the pump through high velocity jets incorporated in the interior of the pump.
		Gas entering the inlet of the pump is diffused in the vapour stream and transferred to the outlet of the pump.
	www.vacuum-guide.com /firmenlisten/produkte/diffusion_pump.htm (500 words)

	Ride : Vapour Trail - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A slightly frustrating release, Vapour Trail was designed for the American market, rightfully taking the purest, best pop moment from Nowhere as the lead track.
		There's no faulting the song itself, from the opening tremolo guitar and slamming Colbert drum wallop to the final fade out on strings, and neither does the inclusion of the first three tracks of the Today Forever EP raise any problem.
		The result is an incomplete experience; track down Today Forever and enjoy "Vapour Trail" in its rightful place on Nowhere.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,153968,00.html (200 words)

	Water Vapour Permeation Analyser
		The water vapour permeation analyser offers a full measuring range of water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), controlled temperature, and controlled relative humidity without the need of buying multiple units.
		The Model 7000 Water Vapour Permeation Analyser has a measuring range of 0.005 to 1,000 g/100in2/day OTR, 5 to 50oC temperature range, and 0-90% RH range.
		This water vapour permeation analyser has 2 test chambers, but is expandable up to 12 chambers per system.
	www.illinoisinstruments.com /water-vapour-permeation-analyser.html (293 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Water Vapour on Titan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The presence of water vapour in the mysterious atmosphere of Saturn's largest moon, Titan is revealed by infrared emission at wavelengths of 39.37 and 43.89 microns.
		The European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observed Titan with its Short Wavelength Spectrometer during several hours of observations in December 1997, when Titan was at its farthest from Saturn.
		We knew there was carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in Titan's atmosphere, so we expected water vapour too.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=12735 (206 words)

	Copper Vapour Laser Kinetics
		The Centre for Lasers and Applications has a long-standing program into the kinetics of metal vapour laser systems including those based on strontium (violet), barium (near-to-mid IR) and copper (green-yellow) vapours.
		The most recent research focuses on the kinetics of the high-performance variants of the copper vapour laser - the ‘kinetically-enhanced’ copper vapour laser (KE-CVL) and the Cu HyBrID laser systems.
		These systems use additions of hydrogen and halogen gases to the discharge which alter the plasma kinetics and bring about very large increases in the output power, efficiency and pulse rate.
	www.physics.mq.edu.au /~rmildren/CVLs.html (918 words)

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