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Topic: Variety (plant)

	Variety - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Variety (linguistics) is a concept that includes for instance dialects, standard language and jargon.
		Variety show is a name for a genre of musical theatre entertainment consisting of a series of short, unrelated songs, dances, and comedy sketches, also known as Vaudeville (North American) or Music hall (British).
		Varieties of algebras are classes of algebraic structures defined by equations in universal algebra
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Variety (182 words)

	Patents Guidance, Tools & Manuals
		A plant patent is granted by the Government to an inventor (or the inventor's heirs or assigns) who has invented or discovered and asexually reproduced a distinct and new variety of plant, other than a tuber propagated plant or a plant found in an uncultivated state.
		That the plant is not a plant which is excluded by statute, where the part of the plant used for asexual reproduction is not a tuber food part, as with potato or Jerusalem artichoke.
		The inventor of a plant must have discovered or identified the novel plant, and must have asexually reproduced the plant and observed the clones so produced for a sufficient amount of time to have concluded that the clones are identical to the parent plant in all characteristics.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/pac/plant (4506 words)

	Plant Variety Protection: An Alternative to Patents
		Beltsville, MD Development of a new plant cultivar or variety, either by "traditional" breeding methods or by "modern" molecular modification, requires a lot of time and effort.
		Varieties sold or used in the United States for longer than 1 year or more than 4 years in a foreign country are also ineligible for protection.
		The most effective novelty statement, both in exhibit B and in the Journal, is one in which the applicant states the most similar previously existing variety, and then lists the characters by which his or her variety differs from that "most similar" variety.
	www.nal.usda.gov /pgdic/Probe/v2n2/plant.html (1593 words)

	Variety (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To plant breeders, at least in countries that are signatory to the UPOV Convention, "variety" or "plant variety" is a legal term.
		In bacteriological nomenclature "variety" and "subspecies" are used interchangeably.
		In general language "variety" is used freely and may have any of a number of meanings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Variety_(biology) (194 words)

	Plant Patents
		With reference to tuber-propagated plants, for which a plant patent cannot be obtained, the term "tuber" is used in its narrow horticultural sense as meaning a short, thickened portion of an underground branch.
		The application papers for a plant patent and any responsive papers pursuant to the prosecution must be filed in duplicate but only one need be signed (in the case of the application papers the original should be signed); the second copy may be a legible copy of the original.
		Where the plant variety originated as a newly found seedling, the specification must fully describe the conditions (cultivation, environment, etc.) under which the seedling was found growing to establish that it was not found in an uncultivated state.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/pac/doc/general/plant.htm (651 words)

	The Plant Variety Protection Act
		Varieties that are protected under the Plant Variety Protection Act can be sold as seed stocks only with permission of the certificate holder and in some cases, only as a class of Certified seed.
		Varieties that are protected must have labels on the seed containers indicating the type of protection.
		Varieties that are protected under the PVPA can be sold or advertised for seeding purposes only by the owner of the protection certificate or with the owner's permission.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/crops/00301.html (1050 words)

	Nebraska Dry Bean Commission
		These plants appeared to be approximately 2 inches shorter in height than the plants in the 30 inch row plots for the remainder of the season.
		Plants in the Vision plots were substantially taller and more upright than the BillZ plants until the first week in September when a heavy rain, with wind, caused the Vision plants to tip over.
		All bean plants in a sample area of 5 ft by 20 ft were hand pulled on September 30, 1999 and threshed with a Hege plot thresher on October 1, 1999.
	www.nebraskadrybean.com /research24.htm (1346 words)

	The Influence of Row Spacing, Tillage System, Variety, and P Treatment on Soybean Growth, Plant Population, and Grain ...
		Prior to planting soybeans in 2000, tillage systems were maintained as in prior years, and Roundup Ultra (1 qt/a) was applied to no-till plots for burndown control of emerged weeds.
		Plant population was significantly higher with the Granite variety and the check P treatment (Table 2).
		Plant row spacing was a factor in increasing grain yield since there was less competition in the narrow spaced rows than in the wider rows.
	plantsci.sdstate.edu /soiltest/data2000/17200.htm (836 words)

	Variety-Home Plant Rashes \| variety-home
		The plant oil is released when the plant stem or leaves are cut or crushed.
		The plant oil is invisible and sticky and may be carried on garden tools, on pet's fur, or in the smoke of a burning plant.
		Brushing up against the plant's leaves seldom results in breaking out in a rash because the plant's oil is not released unless the stem or leaf surface is broken.
	www.variety-home.itcstore.com /default.aspx?p=26526 (529 words)

	Plant Variety Rights Office NZ : Explanatory Information
		For example the holder of Plant Variety Rights would be entitled to seek an injunction against, or if appropriate claim damages from, another person who without permission from the holder deliberately sold seeds or plants of the protected variety.
		The variety must be distinct from all commonly known varieties existing at the date of application, in one or in some combination of the following characteristics: morphological (such as shape, colour); physiological (such as disease resistance); or other (such as milling characteristic of a new wheat).
		Plant Variety Rights are granted for a term of 20 years in the case of non-woody plants, or 23 years in the case of woody plants, beginning from the date when Rights are granted.
	www.pvr.govt.nz /info-guide-1.htm (1460 words)

	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION IN RELATION TO DEMANDS OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND ...
		The fact that new varieties offer substantial advantages to farmers does mean that farmers may choose to stop growing their existing varieties or landraces in favour of new varieties, whether or not the new varieties are protected by plant breeder’s rights.
		It must be remembered that while holders of plant variety protection have a privileged position in the market they must observe the constraints of their country’s compulsory licensing, competition and anti-trust laws.
		Plant variety protection is a powerful tool for the improvement of the seed sector and for agricultural development in the Asia-Pacific region; and conversely, an efficient seed sector will form the basis for effective plant variety protection systems.
	www.fao.org /WAICENT/FaoInfo/Agricult/AGP/AGPS/Bangkok/Paper10.htm (3707 words)

	Soybean Variety Selection, G79-445-A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The advance of a potential variety through the early generations may be accomplished with only a few seeds of the selection being available through various levels of yield testing, followed by an increase of the seed to produce breeder seed, then to produce foundation, registered, and certified seed.
		The variety "Elf" is one such type which is adapted, but relative advantages or disadvantages of the determinant types remain to be determined under Nebraska conditions.
		Planting after June 1 generally results in lower yields due to reduction in the vegetative size of the plants.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /fieldcrops/g445.htm (2254 words)

	Seeding Rates for Vegetable Crops
		That depends on (1) the desired number of plants per acre (plant population), which depends on the spatial arrangement (within-row and between-row spacing) of the plants, (2) the number of seed per pound, (3) the percent germination and (4) planting precision.
		Plant higher populations only if the crop is to be irrigated, fertilized and maintained to adequately provide for the increased number of plants.
		Sometimes, high populations of vigorous varieties are planted to prevent the harvestable plant part (head of cabbage, ear of corn, etc.) from reaching its maximum size.
	pubs.caes.uga.edu /caespubs/pubcd/b1128-w.html (2436 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The purpose of this Plant Variety Disclosure is to record a plant variety that has been developed and is ready for PVP filing.
		Give a brief description of the variety that does not teach the art (i.e., does not reveal confidential, proprietary information about the process or concept that would enable one to reproduce the variety) and that can be understood by someone generally knowledgeable about science.
		Such varieties may not be offered for sale or sold for a period of more than one year prior to filing an application under the Plant Variety Protection Act.
	www.umsl.edu /services/ora/docs/umuw16d.doc (668 words)

	Plant Variety Rights Office NZ
		The PVR Office administers the Plant Variety Rights Act 1987 under which grants of plant variety rights may be issued to breeders for their new plant varieties.
		Plant variety rights give breeders control over the commercialisation of their varieties helping them to obtain a financial return from their efforts and investment.
		New Zealand is a member of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV).
	www.pvr.govt.nz (106 words)

	SSRN-U.S. Plant Variety Protection: Sound and Fury...? by Jay Kesan, Mark Janis
		Plant innovation in the United States is now subject to utility patent protection, as well as concurrent protection under the Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA).
		First, the history of plant variety protection regimes in the United States and abroad reveals that the role of plant variety protection in the overall intellectual property scheme has mutated greatly without any fundamental changes to the general statutory approach to plant variety protection.
		Whereas plant variety protection was initially designed as the primary (or even exclusive) form of intellectual property protection for seed-grown plants, the coming of plant biotechnology, and the dawning acceptance of utility patents for plants, has relegated plant variety protection to a secondary role.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=384140 (726 words)

	[No title]
		The underlying hypothesis behind granting legal protection to plant varieties is to encourage commercial plant breeders to invest their resources for improving upon the existing plant varieties.
		Though modern varieties have a role in developing country agriculture, governments need to be aware of the dangers of over-promoting them through policies of price support, input subsidies and promotion of packages which are aimed to make these inputs economic to use for farmers where they would not otherwise be so.
		The case of plant variety legislation in India and Africa is unique because in both the cases the relevant legislations provides for farmers’ rights and plant breeders rights, simultaneously.
	www.iprsonline.org /ictsd/docs/ResourcesTRIPSharbir_singh.doc (6303 words)

	Plant Variety Protection Act protects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He explained that this is due to the fact that farmers mix their plant varieties every planting season, and that it would take up to seven or eight harvests before these new plant varieties are rendered genetically stable.
		On top of that, even if some plant varieties are indeed developed by farmers, most of them do not have the financial capacity to pay for the testing undertaken by the NPVPB for PVP approval.
		According to the primer, the uniformity and stability criteria, in particular, will effectively exclude the plant varities developed by farmers and farming communities which are essentially diverse and non-stable since farmers constantly need these segregating materials for continuous selection and breeding in their fields.
	www.cyberdyaryo.com /features/f2002_0624_02.htm (1459 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040199969
		This variety was developed by mutation breeding (gamma rays irradiation) and propagated by seeds for commercial cultivation.
		The other object of the invention was to select a new variety with minimum shattering of seeds prior to harvest of the crop thereby increasing the seed and husk yield.
		The plants generated from the seedlot treated at 20 kR (kilorad) found to be yielding higher in both initial and bench scale trial.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040199969".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040199969&RS=DN/20040199969 (1565 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Plant gene treaty becomes law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Keeping a rich gene pool will ensure plants varieties and genes are available to respond to global shifts, including climate change and famine.
		"Plant genes are the building blocks of new varieties," said Mr Esquinas-Alcazar, secretary of the intergovernmental commission on genetic resources for food and agriculture.
		The solution, far from a chemical response, was found in a natural resistance in a variety of maize grown in Africa.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3849489.stm (357 words)

	The Patents and Plant Variety Rights (Compulsory Licensing) Regulations 2002
		In these circumstances an applicant for a compulsory patent or plant variety licence must show that he has applied unsuccessfully to the respective patent or plant variety right holder to obtain a licence (regulations 3(2)(b) and 11(2)(b)).
		In the case of an application for a compulsory plant variety licence, the proprietor of a patent for a biotechnological invention must also show that his invention constitutes significant technical progress of considerable economic interest in relation to the existing plant variety protected by prior plant breeders' rights (regulation 11(2)(c)).
		Where a compulsory licence has been granted, the holder of plant breeders' rights or proprietor of a patent for a biotechnological invention, in respect of whose rights the compulsory licence has been granted, is entitled to payment of an appropriate royalty and the grant of a cross licence on reasonable terms (regulations 7 and 14).
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si2002/20020247.htm (3937 words)

	Seed Variety Naming
		Varieties do not have to be registered with the Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch or any other agency to be sold in the United States.
		Varieties with names derived from the name of an existing variety must be closely related to the existing variety.
		Variety names may contain trademarks, but the trademark status is lost in the sense that anyone marketing seed of that variety must use the entire variety name including the trademark.
	www.ams.usda.gov /lsg/seed/varietyname.htm (801 words)

	Watch Your Garden Grow - Corn
		Standard sweet corn varieties contain a "sugary (SU) gene" that is responsible for the sweetness and creamy texture of the kernels.
		Early plantings of standard sweet corn should be made at, or just before, the mean frost-free date unless you use special soil-warming protection such as clear polyethylene mulch film.
		Plant the kernels (seeds) 1/2 inch deep in cool, moist soils and 1 to 1 1/2 inches deep in warm, dry soils.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /veggies/corn1.html (3247 words)

	NZBPL Publication - Berryfruit Variety Descriptions - Strawberries
		Plant spacing depends on the variety and whether plants are to be kept for several seasons.
		For one year cropping, plants are usually planted in a staggered double row 200-250mm apart.
		Plant density of 80000-100000 plants per hectare is suggested.
	www.hortnet.co.nz /publications/hortfacts/bvd/bvd/bvd1.htm (1873 words)

	Plant Variety Protection (PVP)
		Plant Variety Protection (PVP) is a patent on a sexually propagated plant variety.
		At the same time, there is full disclosure of how the variety was developed, making information available to anyone who wants it so that additional genetic advances can be made.
		However, any new varieties resulting from crosses with a PVP variety must be distinct and different from the PVP source.
	cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu /cereals/PVP/pvp.htm (977 words)

	What Bermudagrass Variety Should I Plant?
		There are numerous varieties to choose from, both seeded and sprigged, and each has its own set of attributes that makes it unique, ranging from growth characteristics, to cold tolerance to drought hardiness.
		If you are thoroughly confused at this point as to which variety of seeded bermudagrass might be right for you, then why not consider a blend of two or three varieties.
		Both varieties were seeded at a rate of three pounds of pure live seed per acre and fertilized with 50-50-0.
	www.noble.org /Ag/Forage/BermudagrassVarieties (1418 words)

	What variety should I plant?
		The first step in deciding which variety to plant is to decide which species to plant.
		Once you have decided to make a planting, the next step is to gather information on species and varieties that can meet your needs and fit your resources.
		Thus, a few dollars more for seed at planting time may be a great investment over the years if Variety X performs better compared to "cheaper, available" Variety Y. The point is, it often pays to gather a great deal of information and shop around.
	www.noble.org /Ag/Forage/WhatVariety (386 words)

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