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	Varlam Shalamov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Varlam Shalamov was born in Vologda, Russia to a family of an orthodox religious minister and a teacher.
		Shalamov was allowed to leave Magadan in November 1953 following the death of Stalin, and was permitted to go to the settlement of Turkmen in Kakininsky Oblast, where he worked as a supply agent.
		Shalamov died of poor health on January 17th 1982 and was interred at Kuntsevo Cemetery, Moscow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Varlam_Shalamov (679 words)

	Kolyma Tales (Twentieth-Century Classics)
		Shalamov's stories are wrenching and vicious, the voice of single, recognizable human being faced with the entire murderous apparatus of the Gulag.
		Shalamov was somehow able to draw genuine artistic inspiration from his years in the camps, and perhaps the style of the Tales themselves-detached, understated, ironic-is the only form that could survive such an extreme experience.
		Varlam Shalamov was a survivor of 17 years in the work camps of that time and that place known as Kolyma.
	www.iyares.com /resources/books/details.aspx?id=0140186956 (1655 words)

	Varlam_Shalamov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		'''Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov''' ('''Варлам Тихонович Шаламов''', July 25, 1907–August 12, 1982) was a Russian writer, journalist, poet, political prisoner and Gulag survivor.
		At the outset of the Great Purge, on January 1 1937, Shalamov was arrested again for "counter-revolutionary Trotskyist activities" and sent to Kolyma, also known as "the land of white death", for five years.
		Shalamov died of poor health in 1982 and was interred at Kuntsevo Cemetery, Moscow.
	q-basic.xodox.de /Varlam_Shalamov (438 words)

	Holly Woodward - Paridise, Last
		Shalamov’s “Berries” echoes Chekhov’s story, “Gooseberries,” in which a character says that if he could have a small plot of land with berries, he would be happy.
		In the picture Shalamov gives, the prisoners of conscience are condemned for what they supposedly know (though little of it proves helpful in their circumstances) while the guards seem blissfully indifferent to the pain their cruelty causes.
		Shalamov writes later in the same piece, “Paper is one of the transformations of a tree … like diamonds or graphite.” Paper and pencil both come from the wood the author was forced to cut down.
	www.archipelago.org /vol7-1/woodward.htm (1950 words)

	bio.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov was born in Vologda, Russia on June 18, 1907.
		This involvement lead to Shalamov's first arrest in 1929 where he was sentenced to three years of hard labor in Solovki, an island converted from an Orthadox monastery to a Soviet work camp.
		Shalamov was released from the camps in 1951, but forbidden to leave the Magadan area.
	s98.middlebury.edu /RU152A/STUDENTS/Shalamov/bio.html (475 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Kolyma Tales, by Varlam Shalamov; Graphite, by Varlam Shalamov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kolyma Tales, by Varlam Shalamov; Graphite, by Varlam Shalamov
		...Shalamov's reliability as an eyewitness is attested by no less an authority than Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who in The Gulag Archipelago (a book on which he had invited Shalamov to collaborate) actually defers to Shalamov as a chronicler of the Soviet penal inferno...
		...Varlam Shalamov's stories of Kolyma, a region in northeastern Siberia where, in Robert Conquest's estimate, over the years between two and three million people died in Soviet camps, had been known in dissident circles in the USSR for some time before finally reaching the West...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V73I6P74-1.htm (1625 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Varlam Shalamov
		Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov (Варлам Тихонович Шаламов, 1907–1982) was a Russian writer and poet.
		In 1951 he was released from the camp, but not allowed to leave Magadan until November 1953.
		The book was finally published on Russian soil in 1987, after the author's death of poor health in 1982.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Varlam_Shalamov (381 words)

	The Legacy Project: Literary Sampler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biography: Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov was born in Vologda, Russia on June 18, 1907.
		Shalamov was first arrested in 1929 and then again during the purges, charged both times with "counter-revolutionary Trotskyite activities." Shalamov was sentenced to hard labor in Solovki, a Soviet labor camp after his first arrest and was sent to Kolyma, Siberia, "the land of white death," after his second arrest.
		Five years after his second sentence, Shalamov was retried and found guilty of "anti-Soviet agitation" for calling Ivan Bunin, a Nobel Laureate, a "classic Russian writer." After 17 years in Kolyma, Shalamov was released in 1951.
	www.legacy-project.org /lit/display.html?ID=25 (664 words)

	The Hindu : Seasons in hell
		Shalamov's stories are an artful mixing of fact and fiction where it is not possible to separate aesthetic evaluation from historical appraisal.
		In "My First Tooth", Shalamov describes how he himself was beaten up for speaking up for a member of a religious sect, his tooth was knocked out, and he was made to stand naked in the cold.
		Shalamov does not attempt to answer this question; nor does he speak of his sentences in Kolyma.
	www.hindu.com /lr/2004/05/02/stories/2004050200140200.htm (1135 words)

	Tat'jana Ivanovna Isaeva Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tat'jana Ivanovna Isaeva recorded her memories of Varlam T. Shalamov, the Russian writer on the Gulag.
		Shalamov (1907-1982) was for the first time arrested in 1929 and sentenced to three years in prison.
		After publication at the end of 1981 in Paris of fragments of these messages Shalamov was transported by the KGB to a psychiatric clinic, where he died some days later at 17th January 1982.
	www.iisg.nl /archives/nl/files/i/10863978.php (150 words)

	Soviet prison-camp literature: The structure of confinement (Varlam Shalamov, Sergei Dovlatov, Georgi Vladimov)
		Shalamov's works are representative of the significant body of prison-camp literature written by survivors.
		For Shalamov and Dovlatov the prison camp is not only a personal experience but the source of the aesthetic and ethical basis of their writing.
		Interpretation of the three treatments of the prison-camp theme makes it possible to identify features common to all of them and to demonstrate that these works are not just a commemoration of a horrible period in Soviet life but represent an identifiable body of literature that has had an effect on the Russian literary process.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI9926098 (401 words)

	SHALAMOV.COM
		Shalamovskij vecher [Shalamov Symposium], Vologda, Russia, 1 Jun. 1995.
		The paradoxes of Varlam Shalamov]." A literatura soberana.
		"Varlam Shalamov: V kontekste literatury i istorii" ["Varlam Shalamov: In the context of literature and history"], Shalamovskij sbornik, Moscow, Vol.
	www.shalamov.com /members.html (1942 words)

	Queen's Quarterly: Varlam Shalamov: poet of the frozen inferno.(Critical Essay)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Varlam Shalamov: poet of the frozen inferno.(Critical Essay)
		Varlam Shalamov spent seventeen years as a political prisoner in the Gulag, most of them in Kolyma where winter temperatures sometimes plummeted to -90[degrees]F (human spit freezes in mid-air at -60[degrees]).
		The literature Shalamov created is more surprising still; despite his ordeals, he mustered the inner strength to craft art of the first order.
	highbeam.com /doc/1G1:129558835/Varlam+Shalamov~C~+poet+of+the+... (209 words)

	Shalamov Around The World
		Varlam Shalamov has enjoyed a good reception in France, and a large number of his works have been translated into French.
		A collection of short texts which comprises a series of essays on prose and poetry, a selection of poems in French and Russian, and a translation of "Tri smerti Doktora Austina," one of the stories that Shalamov wrote in the 1930s before he was sent to Kolyma.
		Shalamov's correspondence with Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Nadezhda Mandelstam, with a selection of letters to Frida Vigdorova, Arkadii Dobrovol'skii and Aleksandr Kremenskii.
	www.langlab.wayne.edu /Russian/Shalamovaroundtheworld.html (876 words)

	Kolyma Tales (Twentieth-Century Classics)
		Shalamov's stories are hauntingly realistic and bitter pictures of the merciless and naked 'struggle for life' under extreme circumstances of work camp inmates in the former Soviet Union under the Stalin regime.
		Varlam Shalamov, the author, provides a searing look at life in Stalin's forced labor system.
		Shalamov creates a narrator who, although outwardly neutral, reveals the full pathos of a system that killed millions of people, not deliberately, but through its complete indifference to their fate.
	www.textbooksrus.com /search/bookdetail?isbn=0140186956 (525 words)

	The world's top varlam shalamov websites
		Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov (Варлам Тихонович Шаламов, 1907–1982) was born in Vologda, Russia to a family of an orthodox minister and a teacher.
		In 1943 he was struck with another term, this time for 10 years, for anti-Soviet agitation: he called Ivan Bunin a classic of the Russian literature.
		After the death of Stalin in March 1953, masses of zeks (from the Russian abbreviation z/k for "zakliuchonnyi", an inmate) were being released and rehabilitated, many posthumous.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/varlam_shalamov (413 words)

	Varlam Shalamov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Shalamov's short story "Athenian Nights" preceded by a short biography" of the author.
		A Shalamov site by a student at Middlebury.
		What is the interaction among humans, machines, and nature in this work and in all three of the Shalamov stories you have read
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /qualin/4302/authors/shalamov.htm (162 words)

	Amazon.ca: 20th Century Kolyma Tales: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is a stark contrast; for example, Shalamov's wood-cutting partner Garkunov is murdered for his beautiful white sweater which his wife sent him because he wouldn't give it up as a stake in a meaningless game of cards, and all he can say is that he'll have to find a new wood-cutting partner.
		Some of Shalamov's beliefs about certain elements in camp are suspect, or just plain wrong.
		Shalamov says that most of the women in camp were prostitutes.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0140186956 (893 words)

	Shalamov Society
		Marina Vorono, founder of the Shalamov Museum and curator of the
		was extremely influential in gathering and disseminating information on Varlam Shalamov’s life and works and preserving his memory for current and future generations.
		Shalamov studies have been greatly impoverished by her death.
	www.shalamov.com (146 words)

	Elena Mikhailik, University of New South Wales, Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aleksandr Solzhenicyn, Varlam Shalamov, and the Cat in Between
		The study of Shalamov's poetics shows that in his stories he presents the prison camps as a separate entity, existing under conditions where the human body or any of its emanations or constructs, be it memory, culture, personality or cause and effect relationship, cannot function properly.
		For Shalamov, the reality of the prison camps lies in their absolute hostility to life.
	aatseel.org /program/aatseel/2001/abstracts/Mikhailik.html (535 words)

	Amazon.ca: Kolyma Tales: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I did a paper in a Modern Russian Lit class in college, comparing and contrasting these stories with the writing of Solzhenitsyn, and the contrast is stunning.
		He had his life saved by people in the Medical Section twice, and so portrays the Medical Section and camp doctors as angels and saviours here, people who were loving and kind, who kept very sick and emaciated prisoners from going back to slave labour by lying about their conditions.
		Many doctors signed death sentences and sent sick emaciated people back out to be worked or frozen to their deaths.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/039300077X (873 words)

	The New York Review of Books: Beyond Bitterness
		Varlam Shalamov, now seventy-three, said to be living in Moscow, spent seventeen years in the forced labor camps of Kolyma, and his life was shattered by this ordeal.
		In stories that circulated in Samizdat but are still not published in the Soviet Union he writes about it not with, and not without, bitterness, but somehow in a voice that seems beyond bitterness.
		Shalamov speaks in the voice of the irrevocable: millions perished, other millions were drained of health and youth, and there can be no recompense or reconciliation.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/7316 (352 words)

	John Glad
		Translator and editor of Graphite: A Second Volume of Kolyma Tales, by Varlam Shalamov, W. Norton.
		Varlam Shalamov, "A Child's Drawings," Translations, Winter 1978-79.
		Varlam Shalamov, "My First Tooth," Encounter, April 1980.
	litcatalog.al.ru /personalii/glad/glag.html (2664 words)

	A Visit to the GULAG Magadan
		Shalamov is a Russian through and through; he never travelled outside Russia; he encountered Western ideas only sporadically; everything about him is Russian from start to finish.
		Shalamov believes that everything that surrounds him is part of the natural world.
		It is Shalamov's mind that is rational and logical, and Weissberg's mind that is astray, lost in abstractions.
	www.ralphmag.org /AW/gulag.html (689 words)

	The Stranger \| Seattle \| Books \| Feature \| Ayatollah Humbert
		Reading certain books in Iran--or the former Soviet Union--was often a political statement of self-liberation, as well as a form of enlightenment, and the combination of aesthetic delight, spiritual independence, and danger was truly intoxicating.
		More than three million people perished in the Kolyma camps but Shalamov attributed his survival to his routine of reciting his favorite poems to himself even when the temperature hit --60°C. Initially, Azar Nafisi had conflicted feelings about the Iranian revolution.
		Born and raised in Tehran (her father was at one point the city's mayor), she was in Norman, Oklahoma, at the time of the turmoil, studying "counterrevolutionary" English literature and being active in a student movement calling for the overthrow of the Shah.
	www.thestranger.com /seattle/Content?oid=14530 (743 words)

	Rodopi
		The tales are a testament to Shalamov’s seventeen years in Stalin’s Gulags, and were written in an attempt to draw attention to this period in Soviet history.
		His settings are minimal, yet form a major part of his message: Man is compared to nature, but nature is powerful and able to regenerate itself, whereas Man’s existence is temporary and futile.
		This book therefore, shows that the Formalist approach is indeed still valid as a literary tool of analysis as well as showing that upon the 50th year of Stalin’s death, Varlam Shalamov’s time has arrived.
	www.rodopi.nl /senj.asp?BookId=SSLP+41 (327 words)

	Kolyma Tales (Twentieth-Century Classics) - Varlam Shalamov, John Glad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Comment: Shalamov provides the perfect counterpoint for Solzhenitsyn-while Solzhenitsyn is bombastic, Shalamov is understated; while Solzhenitsyn is resolutely hopeful, Shalamov luxuriates in a sort of charred, cynical despair that is unusual in literature; and while Solzhenitsyn makes pretenses to be the voice of the Gulag, Shalamov can only speak for himself.
		Comment: Prison literature has a long history in the Russian tradition, from Fyodor Dostoevsky's "House of the Dead" to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's "Gulag Archipelago" and "A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich." Varlam Shalamov's "Kolyma Tales" are quite unique however.
		Comment: I have purchased Shalamov's short story compilation in 1989 in Hungarian edition.
	www.bookswap.ws /Content/findonamazonus-Asin-0140186956.html (876 words)

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