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Topic: Varnish

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	Varnish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent.
		Varnish has little or no color, is transparent, and has no added pigment, as opposed to paints or wood stains, which contain pigment and generally range from opaque to translucent.
		Although not a particularly durable varnish, shellac is sometimes used as a primer or sealer for paint or varnish, or as a finish by itself, as in french polishing, a difficult technique that produces an inimitable sheen on wood i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Varnish (1911 words)

	Boat Varnish - Marine Spar Varnish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Varnish has long been used as a protective and preventative agent for protecting wood in a wet, marine environment.
		Varnish can have gloss or matte appearance, can be extremely hard and durable, and can vary in color.
		Each varnish may have different characteristics based on the number and combination of the basic five ingredients (see above), and may be found in different colors.
	jamestowndistributors.com /varnish.htm (710 words)

	varnish. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		For oil varnishes a hard gum or resin, often a fossilized plant exudation such as kauri or copal, is dissolved in oil (commonly linseed oil or tung oil) and is diluted with a volatile solvent such as turpentine.
		Spirit varnishes are commonly made of soft resins or gums, such as shellac, dammer, mastic, or sandarac, dissolved in a volatile solvent, e.g., alcohol, benzene, acetone, or turpentine.
		Among the varnishes named either for their constituents or for the proposed use are japanner’s gold size, cabinet, carriage, bookbinder’s, patent-leather, insulating, photographic, shellac, and copal picture varnish.
	www.bartleby.com /65/va/varnish.html (295 words)

	Summary: Varnish
		Tone, intensity, and color of the varnish depend mostly on climate variations (e.g., precipitation) and on the relative age of the exposure of the rock surface.
		Layers of varnish are relatively thin, commonly 0.005 to 0.5 mm thick, but thickness varies from locality to locality as well as over the surface of a single stone.
		Varnish commonly forms on rocks that contain little or no iron and manganese, indicating that these elements are carried to the rock surface by wind, water, or both.
	www.tec.army.mil /research/products/desert_guide/lsmsheet/lsvarn.htm (678 words)

	Varn
		It may be considered inadequate by the experienced varnisher because it is not comprehensive, and by the beginner because it is not a step-by-step do-what-you're-told instruction manual.
		After varnish is applied and spread over the surface with a brush, it is usually brushed repeatedly in one direction and 'layed off' in a perpendicular direction (laying off is brushing with the brush at a shallow angle to the surface).
		While the varnish coat is drying, if a hair or other debris falls onto it and gets stuck, one deals with it only after the varnish is quite tack-free (non-sticky to the touch) and firm, but not fully dry.
	www.nrinstruments.demon.co.uk /Varn.html (5939 words)

	Desert Varnish & Lichen Crust - DesertUSA
		Desert varnish is a thin coating (patina) of manganese, iron and clays on the surface of sun-baked boulders.
		Instead, the rocks are coated with "desert varnish," a reddish layer of clay and iron oxide precipitated by remarkable bacteria.
		In fact, dating of varnished surfaces is of enormous importance to the study of desert landforms and to the study of early humans in America, since many artifacts lying on the ground become coated with desert varnish.
	www.desertusa.com /magdec97/varnish/dec_varnish.html (2060 words)

	Varnish
		For the varnish to properly adhere, the hull, not just the air around the boat, must be a minimum of 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
		Varnish does not like anything waxy and will creep away from it after application, so make sure the surfaces are clean.
		If you are varnishing only the deck, or the hull, you can separate the two by taping and masking the line where the topsides sheer plank meets the lower edge of the covering board and where the forward edges of the transom planks meet the after ends of the hull topsides planks.
	www.danenbergboatworks.com /varnish.htm (1521 words)

	Finishing - Varnish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		If you store the varnish in the original tin after firmly closing the lid, store the tin upside down so the film forms on what will be the bottom when you open the tin up again, or add marbles to fill the space.
		Spar varnish is a term that applies to an exterior varnish that is suitable for finishing the spars on a boat (masts, booms etc) and other woodwork that is troublesome to maintain because of the severe reflected sunlight and expansion and contraction and moisture and other weather that boats are exposed to.
		Varnishes ceased being what they were in the "old days" by the time the Clean Air Act Standards came into place in the early 1970's.
	www.bamboorodmaking.com /html/finishing_-_varnish.html (9384 words)

	Varnish Application Guidelines
		If varnishing water-soluble paints, including watercolor, gouache and tempera, the isolation coat must be sprayed on in very light layers to avoid solubilizing the paints, which could cause loss of distinctness of the underlying image.
		Satin and matte varnishes tend to be thicker in the bottle than the gloss varnishes and may require additional dilution.
		The varnish must be removed, the surface sealed to reduce absorbency (apply gloss varnish), followed by application of a reduced sheen varnish.
	www.goldenpaints.com /technicaldata/varnapp1.php (3344 words)

	Varnish Info at DoItYourself.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Varnish as a finish is really quite old, being used in the Orient centuries ago.
		Since varnish is a more durable than lacquer and was in use before polyurethane was invented, it tends to be favored by many old-timers, if for no other reason than it works.
		One plus for varnish is that it is it's own sealer; the first coat on a piece after staining can be varnish, either full strength or thinned with paint thinner.
	www.doityourself.com /stry/wfvarnish (882 words)

	Varnish
		The appeal of well-maintained, varnished wood trim on boats is hard to deny.
		Good varnishes are designed to address both stretch/shrink cycles and UV degradation, but eventually the two forces in combination will break down varnish and cause it to fail.
		Once inside, it is trapped and causes the wood to swell and discolor, which eventually causes the varnish to lift and peel from the wood.
	www.westsystem.com /webpages/epoxyworks/18/varnish.html (1527 words)

	Varnish and Varnishing - Gamblin Artists Colors Newsletter - October 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Conversely acrylic varnishes are high molecular weight, which means the varnish fills in the geography of a painting.
		If you put one layer of varnish on a painting and only parts of the painting become glossy, then some areas are absorbent and they have absorbed the varnish into the surface.
		If the varnish is old then we recommend that you take the painting to a conservator or paintings restorer since it may require acetone to remove the varnish.
	www.gamblincolors.com /newsletters/newsletter11.html (2549 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--varnish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Small sheets are usually varnished by hand with a brush, but large sheets are generally varnished in a varnishing machine.
		Varnishing can also be done on letterpress and lithographic printing presses but the finish is usually not equal to that obtained by hand or in a varnishing machine.
		Varnish is also used to dilute ink, or as an ingredient in its manufacture.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt3675.html (202 words)

	varnish
		Varnish is damaged by sunlight, water, and abrasion; and those are three things that boats have in abundance.
		I have to schedule my varnish work so I complete the preparation work on one day, and start varnishing early the next day, so I can varnish in the 7:00 to 10:00 time slot, before the sun is high and the air is hot.
		I realize that varnishing in the middle of the day results in a skin forming too fast, trapping solvents which produces rough surfaces and which soften the old varnish and cause blisters.
	astro.temple.edu /~bstavis/rr/varnish.htm (3654 words)

	Violin Varnish - Gianna Violins
		One of the keys to a violin’s sound and the durability of its coatings is the treatment of the wood surface prior to varnishing.
		Equally as important as the varnish is the surface preparation and the application technique.
		Pigments used in violin varnishing are the same as used for artist’s colors.
	www.giannaviolins.com /Information/Varnish.html (1189 words)

	Desert varnish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Desert varnish, or rock varnish is a dark coating found on exposed rock surfaces in arid environments.
		Desert varnish forms only on physically stable rock surfaces that are no longer subject to frequent precipitation, fracturing or sandblasting.
		The varnish is primarily composed of particles of clay along with iron and manganese oxides.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Desert_varnish (407 words)

	Gamblin Artists Colors - Frequently Asked Questions - Varnish
		When the varnish is starting to set up, if you continue to brush it then you will microscopically roughen the surface and it will be less glossy.
		So if you do not like the way any varnish looks now, consider adding a line to the stretcher bars or on the back of the panel that says: "ok to varnish in the future." This way you can let conservators of the future add a varnish layer if appropriate.
		But a glaze layer is not reversible and varnish is. The glaze layer becomes a permanent part of the painting.
	www.gamblincolors.com /faq/varnish.html (577 words)

	Varnishing wood kayaks
		This varnish seems to produce a slightly better gloss and is also more abrasion resistant (it is certainly harder to wet sand than z*spar).
		It is not unusual to get a varnish sag or drip in every coat you put on (only practice and knowledge of varnish behavior will improve it).
		The fresh varnish will refuse to feather and blend seamlessly into the 'older' coat and more sags are sure to follow.
	www.oneoceankayaks.com /Wshophtm/Shop27a.htm (699 words)

	Varnish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The purpose of this is to minimize the requests going to the backend server(s) by serving the same document to potentially many users.
		The goal of Varnish is to be a very fast, stable and effective light-weight HTTP accelerator daemon, by using modern and effective technologies.
		Varnish will be published under the two-clause BSD license which means that it's use is free and the source code is publicy available.
	www.varnish-cache.org (240 words)

	.Steve Dean Painting.
		This matt varnish must only be used after you have GLOSS varnished the figures first with Humbrol Gloss polyurethane varnish.
		After mixing up the matt varnish always try it out on an old figure to check the level of mattness I keep several old figures nearby which languish under hundreds of coats of varnish, but it beats making a mistake with a figure I've just painted.
		Can Spray varnishes are OK if you have a lot of figures to but I'm never happy with their inconsistency of finish - sometimes matt - sometimes not, better to use an airbrush applied varnish.
	www.steve-dean.co.uk /info/blackfriars.htm (391 words)

	Table of Contents
		The varnish has been converted to a plastic during a curing process that cannot readily be reversed.
		Spirit Varnishes are generally classified as those substances, normally natural resins, which can be dissolved in a solvent for the express purpose of applying a decorative and protective coating to a surface.
		Let's first start with "what" a varnish is. The definition that most consistently applies is that a varnish is a protective coating comprised of one or more resins dissolved into a solution that can easily be applied to a surface.
	www.woodfinishingsupplies.com /faqs.htm (8330 words)

	Desert Varnish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Desert varnish is a dark coating on rocks found in arid regions.
		Many petroglyphs (125K) are created by chipping through a dark coat of desert varnish to expose a lighter colored underlying rock.
		At the contact with the desert surface, a dark ground-line band develops containing a thick layer of varnish which essentially completely coats the region of the rock in contact with the top layer of the soil.
	minerals.gps.caltech.edu /FILES/VARNISH/Index.htm (684 words)

	Violin Oil Varnish and Spirit Varnish by Joseph Hammerl (JOHA) and Hidersine Varnishes - Luscombe Violins Inc.
		It is recommended to purchase a bottle of oil varnish thinner for thinning the varnish (if desired), and brush cleaner or Balsam turpentine for cleaning brushes.
		It can be slightly diluted with varnish thinner (or Balsam turpentine), despite the fact that it then takes a little longer to dry.
		Spirit varnish can be smoothed well with pumice-stone or rottenstone and polished with an appropriate polish.
	www.violins.on.ca /varnish.html (598 words)

	varnish — Infoplease.com
		varnish, homogeneous solution of gum or of natural or synthetic resins in oil (oil varnish) or in a volatile solvent (spirit varnish), which dries on exposure to air, forming a thin, hard, usually glossy film.
		Varnish layer hardness of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalist L.) wood as affected by impregnation and bleaching.
		Surface structure of latex films, varnishes, and paint films studied with an atomic force microscope.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0850511.html (403 words)

	Varnish 4U - Varnish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Nuttallia obscurata, the purple varnish clam or the purple mahogany-clam
		Varnish Fine Art in downtown San Francisco is a gallery that deals contemporary fine art with an emphasis on cast metal sculpture.
		Produce and supply paint and varnish remover, tung oil finish, furniture oil and wax, and brass and copper cleaner.
	www.varnish-4u.com (742 words)

	Varnish Fine Art
		Varnish Fine Art is a gallery that deals contemporary fine art with an emphasis on cast metal sculpture.
		Providing a wine bar and art library, Varnish is also a meeting place for everyone who loves fine art.
		Varnish Fine Art is located in the heart of downtown San Francisco at 77 Natoma Street at 2nd Street.
	www.varnishfineart.com (118 words)

	Desert Varnish And Lichen Crust
		The organisms include colonies of bacteria called "desert varnish" (Kingdom Monera), and colonies of symbiotic algae and fungi called lichens (Kingdoms Protista and Fungi).
		Although it may be only a hundredth of a millimeter in thickness, desert varnish often colors entire desert mountain ranges fl or reddish brown.
		Lichens and desert varnish are also some of the most fascinating and complex of all living organisms.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /pljan98.htm (6649 words)

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