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LITHUANIAN LITERATURE, |
 | | The second periodical, Varpas (The Bell, 1889–1905), was started by Vincas Kudirka (1858–99), also an important satirist, poet, and translator. |
 | | Whereas Aušra was interested in forwarding the romantic ideal, Varpas was characterized by political populism and literary realism. |
 | | In 1904 the ban against printing the Lithuanian language was lifted, and European literary movements such as symbolism, impressionism, and expressionism influenced the work of Lithuanian writers. |
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