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Topic: Vascular cambium

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	Umeå Plant Science Centre - Faculty
		The vascular cambium forms a continuous cylinder of meristematic cells in the stem, producing both secondary phloem and secondary xylem of wood.
		The general aim of my project is to obtain genetic markers for different stages of vascular cambium development and differentiation; to identify and characterize genes involved in regulation of cambial meristem maintenance and differentiation; and to seek vascular cambial genes able to increase wood production by affecting the early stage of xylem development.
		Cell division and differentiation in the vascular cambium are regulated by both internal and external factors.
	www.upsc.se /index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=0&Itemid=189 (3013 words)

	Acorales
		Vascular bundles in some monocots may have a sort of cambial layer, but it never amounts to much.
		Cork cambium in the roots is superficial in origin, developing just beneath the exodermis (Arber 1925); I am unclear as to how common it really is, at best it seems rare.
		Botha (2005) discusses the distinctive thick-walled late-formed sieve tubes that lack companion cells to be found only in monocot vascular bundles (sampling not that good); they are close to the tracheary elements in the bundles.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/acoralesweb.htm (2519 words)

	UGA Entomology \| Southeastern Peach Growers' Handbook \| Peach Tree Short Life
		If production of new water-carrying vessels is prevented by cold injury to the vascular cambium, the sudden increase in water consumption due to bloom and/or leaf emergence may place the tree in an overwhelming water deficit that results in collapse and death.
		Death of the vascular cambium and the resulting failure of that tissue to produce water-carrying vessel elements in the spring appears to be due largely to cold injury.
		Normally, during winter the vascular cambium is dormant and highly resistant to cold damage.
	www.ent.uga.edu /peach/peach_handbook/ptsl.htm (2825 words)

	ANATOMY II
		The vascular cambium derives from the procambium which in the stems of dicots persists between the phloem and xylem of the bundles and as interfascicular cambium.
		In the root the cambium arises partly in the pericycle and partly in the arches between xylem and phloem.
		A second cambium arises in the cortex of the stem and the pericycle of the root.
	www.hcs.ohio-state.edu /hcs300/anat2.htm (721 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem: The vascular cambium is the source of both the secondary xylem (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem (outwards), and is located between these tissues in the stem and root.
		Vascular cambium is a type of meristem - a tissue consisting of embryonic (incompletely differentiated) cells from which other (and more differentiated) plant tissues originate.
		Vascular cambia are found in dicots and gymnosperms but not monocots, which usually lack secondary growth.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=vascular_cambium (199 words)

	Plant Anatomy Glossary
		Tissues derived from the procambium or vascular cambium that transport water and photosynthate.
		a cylinder of vascular tissue with a central parenchymatous pith.
		in roots, the layer of cells between vascular tissue and endodermis that gives rise to lateral roots and vascular cambium.
	www.uri.edu /cels/bio/plant_anatomy/glossary.html (2612 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for cambium
		The cambium produces new layers of phloem on the outside and of xylem (wood) on the inside, thus increasing the diameter of the stem.
		The inner soft bark is produced by the vascular cambium; it consists of secondary phloem (food-conducting) tissue whose innermost layer transports food from the...
		Each year the cambium layer produces a layer of xylem, the vessels of which are large and thin-walled in the spring and smaller and thick-walled in the summer, creating a contrast between the rings.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=cambium&StartAt=1 (783 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Vascular cambium
		The vascular cambium arises between the primary xylem and the primary phloem and produces the secondary xylem (toward the inside of the stem) and the secondary phloem (toward the outside of the stem).
		A vascular bundle is groups of xylem, phloem and cambium cells in stems of plants descended from the procambium embryonic tissue layer.
		Vascular cambium is a layer of lateral meristematic tissue between the xylem and phloem in the stems of woody plants.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Vascular-cambium (428 words)

	Xylem - New World Encyclopedia Preview
		In a stem or root, where vascular bundles are cylindrical, this means that the xylem is closer to the center of the stem or root while the phloem is closer to the exterior, in the bark area.
		In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing the vascular tissue and occasionally a pith.
		Although in vascular plants, the xylem is the principal water transporting medium and the phloem the main pathway of sugar transport, at times sugars do move in the xylem.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /preview/Xylem (2123 words)

	Vascular cambium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vascular cambium is a tissue found in the stems of perennial dicot s.
		It is the innermost layer of the plant's bark, between the xylem and phloem tissues.
		The vascular cambium grows both to the inside and to the outside.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Vascular_cambium.html (159 words)

	Untitled
		The vascular cambium arises between the primary xylem and the primary phloem and produces the secondary xylem (toward the inside of the stem) and the secondary phloem (toward the outside of the stem).
		27-5 - as the vascular cambium produces xylem cells toward the inside of the stem, the vascular cambium is displaced toward the outside of the stem.
		The tissue to the outside of the vascular cambium is the bark.
	www.botany.uga.edu /~darley/btny1210/Oct16Fri.htm (911 words)

	Vascular cambium - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vascular cambium is a tissue found in the stems of perennial dicots.
		It is a thin (mostly) cylindrical layer between plant's bark and wood (between the xylem and phloem tissues).
		The vascular cambium grows both inwards and outwards.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Vascular_cambium (124 words)

	Biological Foundations 112, Lecture 4
		A. The function of the vascular cambium is to produce secondary growth, thus the vascular
		The cambium is active from the spring to the fall and is inactive in the winter
		Increase in diameter of the stem occurs with the activity of the vascular cambium
	www.puc.edu /Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botlec04.htm (612 words)

	Introduction to Vascular Plants
		Vascular - xylem and phloem, the conducting tissues
		Siphonostele - consists of a central column of ground tissue called the pith, which is surrounded by the vascular tissue.
		All vascular plants are oogamous and they have alternation of generations in which most of the gametophytes are reduced and nutritionally dependent upon the dominant sporophyte
	arnica.csustan.edu /boty1050/Vascular/vascular_plants.htm (1003 words)

	LABSTEM
		Vascular bundles are generally endarch in seed plant stems, with the first formed tracheary elements (protoxylem) to the inside and the metaxylem to the outside of the xylem.
		Regarding vascular bundles, in the central region of vascular bundles, between the xylem and phloem of a plant that will undergo secondary tissue development, is the vascular cambium and its derivatives.
		This type of vascular bundle with a vascular cambium, and therefore the potential for continued growth, is called an open vascular bundle.
	lifesciences.asu.edu /plb306/LABSTEM.html (1691 words)

	stemstructure
		Vascular tissue-As there is no procambium above the youngest leaf primordium, and removing a plant's leaf primordia stops vascular differentiation, substances coming from young leaves control the differentiation of procambium and vascular tissues in stems.
		Because monocots have vascular bundles throughout their ground tissue, their stems do not have a discernible pith; the parenchyma cells in monocot stems are referred to simply as ground tissue.
		The pith remains intact and is separated from the cortex by a meristematic layer, the interfasicular (between bundles) and fasicular vascular cambium (within the vascular bundles).
	www2.mcdaniel.edu /Biology/botf99/stems&leaves/stemstructure.htm (602 words)

	SECONDARY GROWTH (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The vascular cambium is wholly or partly the reactivation of an undifferentiated portion of the procambium found between the xylem and the phloem.
		The cork cambium forms externally to the active phloem and produces layers of cork to the outside and layers of parenchymatous cells to the inside.
		Unlike the vascular cambium, the cork cambium is not continuous nor is it the direct extension of an existing meristem.
	www.humboldt.edu /~rar1/Bot105/Secondary-growth.html (398 words)

	Small_vascular_plants
		Procambium - vascular tissue - xylem and phloem - stele.
		Primary vascular tissues - xylem and phloem (and pith) form the stele or central cylinder.
		This is the simplest form, consisting of a solid strand of xylem surrounded by, or interspersed with phloem.
	www.cs.cuc.edu /~tfutcher/Vascular_plants.html (427 words)

	Untitled Document
		The vascular cambium lies between the wood and the inner bark.
		Thinner-walled phloem cells divide outward from the vascular cambium, surrounding the wood; this forms the inner bark.
		This is the region of the vascular cambium.
	www.kidsgardening.com /onlinecourse/PartI15.htm (518 words)

	magstmic.htm
		The vascular cambium of woody dicots is the meristem that produces yearly phloem and xylem.
		The vascular cambium, a secondary meristem, is visible as a line separating denser stained cells to the left and more open cells to the right.
		Internal to the vascular cambium are the xylem vascular tissues and the innermost parenchyma cells of the pith.
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/pae/botany/histology/html/magstmic.htm (587 words)

	Introductory Biology: Lab 9 for 71.125 - Shoot, Stem and Secondary Growth
		Unlike the root, the vascular tissue of the dicot stem is composed of discrete
		A vascular cambium is found in roots, stems and in the large vascular bundles of many leaves.
		and the seedless vascular plants lack secondary growth from a true vascular cambium.
	www.umanitoba.ca /Biology/lab9/biolab9_4.html (702 words)

	Cambium - Palaeos (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are two main types of cambium: vascular cambium, which gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem tissues, and cork cambium (or phellogen), which gives rise to secondary cortex and cork tissues, as in bark.
		The vascular cambium surrounds the roots, trunk, branches, and shoots, extending throughout a tree.
		Each year, the vascular cambium produces a new layer of phloem toward the outside of the tree and a new layer of xylem, or wood, toward the inside.
	www.palaeos.org /Cambium (113 words)

	Ch
		The vascular cambium develops from parenchyma cells into a meristematic cylinder that produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
		Cork cambium gives rise to the secondary plant body’s protective covering, or periderm, which consists of the cork cambium plus the layers of cork cells, it produces.
		_________ is to primary xylem as vascular cambium is to ________
	www.niles-hs.k12.il.us /amilef/APReviewOut/Ejaz35/Ejaz35.htm (931 words)

	Plant Structure and Growth (morep_9.html) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The vascular cambium extends the xylem and phloem as the cork cambium extends the epidermis.
		As the vascular cambium moves outward what is inside that ring is mostly dead vascular tissue that only supports the tree.
		This ground tissue part of the vascular cambium is called the interfasicular ("in between groups of" fasicular cambia) cambium.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006669/data/Biol/morep_9.html (271 words)

	[No title]
		The tissue produced by the vascular cambium is secondary tissue and increases the girth of the stem.
		Vascular cambium produces xylem to wards the inside of the stem and phloem towards the outside of the stem.
		It is due to the activity of the lateral meristems: vascular cambium and cork cambium.
	www.cbu.edu /~esalgado/BIOL216/ch6.doc (2520 words)

	Botany online: Supporting Tissues - Vascular Bundles - Dicotyledons
		The collateral open vascular bundles of dicots display xylem and phloem that are separated from each other by the fascicular cambium.
		The vascular bundles of herbaceous plants are termed collateral and open, because xylem and phloem are opposed and separated by a fascicular cambium of usually several layers thickness.
		The vascular bundles are often enclosed by a bundle sheath of cells with thickened walls and are embedded in a parenchyma of large cells, the pith.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e06/06f.htm (457 words)

	Vascular cambium
		A tissue found in the stems of perennial dicots.
		Vascular cambium is a part of the plant's meristem - the series of tissues consisting of embryonic (incompletely differentiated) cells from which the plant grows.
		New cells deposited on the inside make up the secondary xylem; new cells to the outside make up the secondary phloem.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/va/Vascular_cambium.html (111 words)

	stem_lecture_01
		Vascular cambium develops between the primary xylem and the primary phloem in the vascular bundles of divots.
		Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem on its inside and secondary phloem on its outside.
		Secondary phloem produced on the outside edge of the vascular cambium is part of the bark.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/w/x/wxm15/Online/Botany/Stems/stem_lecture_01.htm (744 words)

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