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Topic: Vascular plant

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	Introduction to Vascular Plants
		Vascular - xylem and phloem, the conducting tissues
		All vascular plants are oogamous and they have alternation of generations in which most of the gametophytes are reduced and nutritionally dependent upon the dominant sporophyte
		Homospory is common in most of the extinct, primitive vascular plants as well as the Psilotophyta, Sphenophyta, some Lycophyta, and most ferns, the Pterophyta
	arnica.csustan.edu /boty1050/Vascular/vascular_plants.htm (1003 words)

	New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
		They are called ‘vascular’ because they have a system of ‘tubes’ that connect all parts of the plant, roots, shoots and leaves, to transport water and nutrients from one part of the plant to another.
		The xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the other parts of the plant and is typically composed of tracheids, which are found in almost all vascular plants, and vessels, which are generally confined to the angiosperms.
		The rate of formation is related to the growth cycle of the plants, more large xylem cells are produced in the spring and summer than in the winter and this gives rise to the annual rings that are seen in many types of wood, since wood is composed of the dead cells of the xylem.
	www.nzpcn.org.nz /vascular_plants/index.asp (511 words)

	Nonvascular Plants and Nonseed Vascular Plants
		Plants have an alternation of generations: the diploid spore-producing plant (sporophyte) alternates with the haploid gamete-producing plant (gametophyte).
		The vascular plants have specialized transporting cells xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients) and phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant).
		Vascular plants tend to be larger and more complex than bryophytes, and have a life cycle where the sporophyte is more prominent than the gametophyte.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/ClassificationPlants/Cryptogamia/Bryophyta/NonvascularPlants/NonvascularPlants.htm (2477 words)

	E-Flora BC Vascular Plants Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vascular plants are the most visible of all the plant groups.
		Anatomically, vascular plants possess roots, stems and leaves – all composed of cells with cellulose cell walls.
		Vascular plants use a variety of strategies to slow water loss and prevent dehydration.
	www.geog.ubc.ca /~brian/florae/vasculars.html (1207 words)

	vascular plant definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		vascular plant definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		plant with specialized sap-conducting tissues: any plant that possesses specialized sap-conducting tissues, particularly phloem and xylem.
		Vascular plants include all flowering plants and conifers, as well as ferns, club mosses, and horsetails, but not mosses and liverworts.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_701711395/vascular_plant.html (101 words)

	Seedless Vascular Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The evolution of vascular plants is tied to Bryophyta (mosses, liverworts and hornworts for you un-science types) but it is still not known whether seedless vasculars evolved independently or from shared structures within Bryophyta.
		The structure of the vascular plant can be broken down into three parts: subterranean root systems, where water and minerals are absorbed; aerial root systems, where photosynthesis occurs; and vascular tissue, where tubular cell chains deliver materials between different organs of the plant.
		Vascular plants also have cuticles, which are waxy coverings on the surface of stems and leaves that prevent dehydration in terrestrial plants.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/r/e/ref142/seedlessPlants.htm (1578 words)

	Vascular Plants
		Vascular plants first appear in the fossil record during the mid-Silurian period, about 410 million years ago.
		Heterospory is unique to vascular plants; two different spores form egg-producing gametophytes and sperm-producing gametophytes.
		Vascular plants have also developed a waxy outer covering called the cuticle which protects from desiccation due to water loss.
	www2.ncsu.edu /unity/lockers/project/dendrology/index/plantae/vascular/vascular.html (314 words)

	Biological Diversity 5
		Plants have an alternation of generations: the diploid spore-producing plant (sporophyte) alternates with the haploid gamete-producing plant (gametophyte).
		Plants that produce separate male and female gametophytes have those gametophytes germinate from (or within in the case of the more advanced plants) spores of different sizes (heterospores; hetero=different).
		Vascular plants tend to be larger and more complex than bryophytes, and have a life cycle where the sporophyte is more prominent than the gametophyte.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookDiversity_5.html (2710 words)

	E-Flora BC Plant Identification Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Plant identification, properly done, requires learning a bit about the parts of plants: the fruit, seeds or capsules, leaf shape or cell structure, spore colours, etc. and it requires learning about plant distributions and plant taxonomy, the field of classification of plants.
		Plant families, genera and species differ significantly in how the flowers or fruiting bodies are constructed, the shapes of their leaves, and the types of habitats that they grow in.
		It is plant classification that offers us a way to sort through all of this, and to differentiate between plants that are very similar.
	www.geog.ubc.ca /~brian/florae/identification.html (1397 words)

	Small_vascular_plants
		Primary vascular tissues - xylem and phloem (and pith) form the stele or central cylinder.
		Homosporous plants have rather large gametophytes which are independent of the sporophyte.
		Antheridia are lacking in the seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms).
	www.cs.cuc.edu /~tfutcher/Vascular_plants.html (427 words)

	Vascular Plants Technical Committee
		The vascular plant flora of Pennsylvania is dynamic and always changing, and thus both inventory and monitoring of the state's flora must be on going.
		Threats to the vascular flora of Pennsylvania are of 2 kinds: those threats that directly affect plants and their habitats and threats that impede study of the flora.
		Integrated studies of the flora of Pennsylvania are hampered by the historic division of plant studies among major herbaria in the eastern, western, and central regions, and the lack of coordination among conservation organizations.
	alpha.dickinson.edu /prorg/pabs/vascular_plants.htm (3200 words)

	SparkNotes: Plant Classification: Terms
		These tissues produce a vascular plant's secondary growth, which is a growth in width.
		Vascular System - Mechanism of internal water and nutrient transport, made up of the vascular tissues xylem and phloem, that is characteristic of tracheophytes.
		Xylem - Vascular tissue composed of cells (tracheids or vessel elements) that are dead at maturity; transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the shoot.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/plants/plantclassification/terms.html (1217 words)

	Vascular Plant Type Specimens in Herbarium MU
		The vascular plant type collection in MU consists of 539 sheets of mainly North American specimens representing 512 taxa.
		In addition to the vascular plant specimens, significant collections of specimens from other groups are housed in MU: algae (10,000), fungi [85,000, including the personal herbarium of W.B. Cooke (Vincent et al.
		Among important vascular plant collections from OC which are now in MU are the following, listed by collector and number of specimens: F.E. Leonard (5,000), F.D. Kelsey (5,800), H.L. Jones (2,650), F.O. Grover (4,500), M.M. Metcalfe (1,300), M.F. Spencer (20,550; see Grover 1941), M.E. Day (1,860), E.S. Steele (1,650), H.C. Beardslee, Sr.
	www.muohio.edu /herbarium/types.html (852 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Plants - Vascular Plants - General
		This section of BONAP gives you access to several alternative classifications of the vascular plants and a gateway to systematic resources at the family level.
		The lectures start with "What is a Plant?" and discuss such topics as the current classification of plants, conifers, ferns, bryophytes, the evolution of the major plants groups, and much more.
		This site is part of a plant taxonomy course at Colby College and has a classification of the angiosperms with short descriptions and photographs for each family.
	www.nearctica.com /nathist/vascular/gplant.htm (925 words)

	Biological Diversity 5
		Plants have an alternation of generations: the diploid spore-producing plant (sporophyte) alternates with the haploid gamete-producing plant (gametophyte), as shown in Figure 3.
		Vascular plants have ___, specialized cells that help support the plant as well as transport water and nutrients upward from their roots.
		Plant Fossil Record An exhaustive resource for plant fossils maintained by the Organisation of Palaeobotany.
	www.estrellamountain.edu /faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookDiversity_5.html (4109 words)

	Plants
		The organisms we call plants are assigned to a single clade; that is, a natural grouping based on the belief that they have all evolved from a common ancestor more recent than any shared with other organisms.
		However, the necessity for the microspores to be carried from one plant to another in order to reach the female gametophyte robbed them of their value as agents of dispersal.
		Although angiosperms appear in the fossil record in Jurassic deposits, it was not until the end of the Mesozoic era that angiosperms became the dominant plants of the landscape.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Plants.html (1224 words)

	1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands page
		Errata to 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands.
		In 1977, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began the development of a national list of vascular plant species that occur in wetlands as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.
		The 1988 National List is used primarily to identify and delineate the vegetative component for jurisdictional wetlands delineation conducted under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and the Food Security Act of 1985, as amended.
	www.nwi.fws.gov /bha/list96.html (701 words)

	Herbarium - Burke Museum
		The purpose is frequently to document potential new plants for an area as well as inventory those species already known to exist in the area.
		Plants are put in presses to dry shortly after collection, and where possible several replicates of each species are collected so that they can be traded with other regional herbaria.
		Plants are generally only collected while in flower or fruit because these features are needed when identifying the specimens back in the Herbarium.
	www.washington.edu /burkemuseum/collections/herbarium/index.php (540 words)

	Vascular Plants Introduction
		A "vascular plant" is one which has a water-conducting system within its tissues, and includes all seed plants, ferns, plus some other groups of spore-bearing plants.
		The plant can generally be considered to fit this name better than any of the alternatives, but perhaps it is an unrecognized variety or the description merely needs to be broadened.
		The plant may be in a difficult group, or insufficient material may have been present at time of attempted identification; the name given may be a best guess based on available features, range, and habitat.
	www.coestatepark.com /vascular_plants_of_henry_w__coe_state_park___an_illustrated__annotated_catalog.htm (1225 words)

	Plant Conservation in Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Covers all groups of plants: algae, slime moulds, macrofungi, lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants.
		Endemic Vascular Plants in the Polish Tatra Mts.
		The W.Szafer Institute of Botany, Krakow, is coordinating a project to identify Important Plant Areas (IPAs) in Poland as part of the European IPAs Programme led by Plantlife International with the Planta Europa network.
	www.plant-talk.org /country/poland.html (803 words)

	Plant Structure
		Plant cells are formed at meristems, and then develop into cell types which are grouped into
		Vascular tissue transports food, water, hormones and minerals within the plant.
		Plant Biology (University of Maryland) Text, outlines, and images that are part of a general botany course.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPLANTANAT.html (1047 words)

	Vascular Plant Herbarium
		The Vascular Plant Herbarium is a comprehensive reference collection of plants that have water-conducting tissue, and therefore true roots, stems and leaves.
		Holding close to 100,000 specimens, the Herbarium is the largest of its kind in Alberta, and the third largest in Western Canada.
		It is global in scope, with a main collection and a local collection of every vascular plant occurring in Alberta.
	www.museums.ualberta.ca /dig/naturalhist/plant/vascular/index.html (104 words)

	Plant Documentation Project, Inventory and Monitoring in the Sierra Nevada, National Park Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Plant species lists for national parks are documented or "evidenced" by plant specimen collections that are stored in various herbaria and have been identified by experienced taxonomists.
		A well-documented plant species for a park would have multiple vouchers in museums that have been identified by reliable taxonomists and have explicit location data associated with them.
		A voucher for a plant or an animal is a physical collection of an organism that can be identified to species.
	www.nps.gov /seki/snn/plant_documentation.htm (437 words)

	Vascular Plant List
		This update of the plant list also attempts to identify the current status of plant species that are endemic to Florida, increasing, rare, listed as threatened, endangered, species of special concern or commercially exploited.
		Plants that have been established as exotic (introduced from another country or area by the help of man) are so indicated.
		It must be understood, however, that experts in the field of plant taxonomy often disagree on the proper name for a particular taxon, and that the continuing process of name changing reflects an increase in our knowledge about plants and their relationships.
	www.audubon.org /LOCAL/SANCTUARY/CORKSCREW/Wildlife/ListPlant.html (2999 words)

	vPlants - Plant Diversity
		Of the nearly 3,000 taxa of vascular plants found in the Chicago Region, 55% of those plants are native.
		Considering the land area and number of species in the Chicago Region, the area's diversity of vascular plant species (represented as the number of species per unit of area) is much higher than for many other temperate areas (Table 2).
		In fact, the species diversity of the Chicago Region is closer to values found in the tropics where diversity tends to be at its highest (Table 3).
	www.vplants.org /plants/diversity.html (331 words)

	Vascular plant Summary
		A plant that possesses specialized conducting tissue (xylem and phloem) for the purpose of transporting water and solutes within the root-stem-leaf system.
		Although aquatic forms exist, most vascular plants are terrestrial and include herbs, shrubs and t...
		Plants that grow on land (terrestrial plants) find the materials they require for life in two different locations.
	www.bookrags.com /Vascular_plant (195 words)

	Pineywoods Vascular Plant Gallery
		In this gallery you will find pictures of native and naturalized vascular plants from this fascinating, and to many, little known, part of North America.
		We hope that This gallery will connect students, laymen, and professionals with the plants that are the foundation of both the ecosystems and economy of east Texas.
		The division of the major groups of flowering plants into Monocotyledons, Nymphaeids, Magnoliids and Eudicotyledons in the gallery is according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification (APG 1998, 2003).
	www.fp.sfasu.edu /jamesvankley (466 words)

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