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Topic: Vasoconstrictor

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	Anesthetic methods for mammals - Patent 4659714
		In common practice, vasoconstrictors such as catchecolamines including epinephrine, norepinephrine and similar species together with other vasoconstrictors, may be added to anesthetics to prolong the duration of anesthesia in the highly vascular environment of the mouth.
		It is believed that an effect of the vasoconstrictor is to partially isolate the treated body portion from normal blood flow thus to cause increased residence time of the anesthetic agent in that locality.
		Subsequent to the application of anesthetic agent and co-application of vasoconstrictor, an alpha adrenoreceptor blocking agent is administered to cause substantial reduction or reversal of the prolongation of anesthetic effect in the area of the body to be treated.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4659714.html (3200 words)

	Vasoconstrictor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A vasoconstrictor, also vasopressor and simply pressor, is any substance or that acts to cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of the lumena of blood vessels) and usually results in an increase of the blood pressure.
		Vasoconstrictors are also used clinically to increase blood pressure or to reduce local blood flow.
		Vasoconstriction also occurs in superficial blood vessels of warm-blooded animals when their ambient environment is cold; this process diverts the flow of heated blood to the center of the animal, preventing the loss of heat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vasoconstrictor (187 words)

	Local anesthetics
		Vasoconstrictors may not be used with certain types of blood pressure medications or tricyclic antidepressants.
		Vasoconstrictors are also not used in any body area in which the blood supply must "double back" on itself.
		The vasoconstrictor is the same as the naturally occurring "fight or flight" hormone adrenaline, and it is acting just like the release of natural adrenaline would to produce a heightened sense of awareness, nervousness and an increased heart rate.
	www.doctorspiller.com /local_anesthetics.htm (10145 words)

	HDCN: Review of article by Walker et al. Increased vasoconstrictor sensitivity to glucocorticoids in essential ...
		They compared the dermal vasoconstrictor response to increasing concentrations of both beclomethasone proprionate and cortisol in 11 normotensive controls and 11 hypertensives (4 of whom were on antihypertensive medications).
		The authors conclude that the increased vasoconstrictor response in hypertensives is due to an increase in sensitivity to cortisol.
		The dermal vessel vasoconstrictor sensitivity to these corticosteroids does not necessarily translate into a generalized effect that could be responsible for increasing blood pressure in Cushing s syndrome or essential hypertension.
	www.hdcn.com /6/602hywal.htm (392 words)

	Peptidergic innervation of the vasoconstrictor muscle of the abdominal aorta in Aplysia kurodai -- Sasaki et al. 207 ...
		Peptidergic innervation of the vasoconstrictor muscle of the abdominal aorta in Aplysia kurodai -- Sasaki et al.
		ENpa and GSPRFFamide depress the contraction of the vasoconstrictor muscle evoked by the stimulation of the pericardial nerve.
		The pericardial nerve was stimulated by a 1 ms pulse of various intensities as indicated.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/207/25/4439 (5294 words)

	The Bosscher Foundation
		It is important to note that the presence of either vasoconstrictor or preservative in the anesthetic is not necessary for all forms of dental procedures.
		The addition of a vasoconstrictor causes a constriction of the blood vessel, which keeps the anesthetic in place longer, preventing it from "leaking away" to other parts of the body.
		In general doctors are recommended to administer minimum dosages of vasoconstrictor during treatment to prevent possible side effects in the cardiovascular or nervous systems.
	www.bosscherstichting.org /Files/am_active.htm (1625 words)

	Prilocaine Hydrochloride Drug Information, Professional
		Vasoconstrictors are added to local anesthetic injections to decrease the rate of local clearance of the local anesthetic
		Vasoconstrictors decrease the rate of local clearance of the local anesthetic, thereby reducing the risk of systemic toxic reactions, prolonging the anesthetic effect, increasing the frequency of complete conduction blocks at low anesthetic concentrations, and permitting larger maximum single doses of anesthetic to be administered.
		Also, a vasoconstrictor should not be injected repeatedly at the same site for dental procedures because reduced blood flow and increased oxygen consumption in the affected tissues may cause tissue anoxia, delayed healing, edema, or necrosis at the injection site.
	www.drugs.com /MMX/Prilocaine_Hydrochloride.html (8598 words)

	Vasoconstrictor effects of insulin in skeletal muscle arterioles are mediated by ERK1/2 activation in endothelium -- ...
		Vasoconstrictor effects of insulin in skeletal muscle arterioles are mediated by ERK1/2 activation in endothelium -- Eringa et al.
		are mainly mediated by the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1
		Vasoconstrictor effects of insulin during PI3K inhibition and during combined inhibition of PI3K and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/287/5/H2043 (3754 words)

	Mayo Clinic Proceedings
		Sympathetic neural control of skin blood flow includes the noradrenergic vasoconstrictor system and a sympathetic active vasodilator system, the latter of which is responsible for 80% to 90% of the substantial cutaneous vasodilation that occurs with whole body heat stress.
		Cutaneous sympathetic vasoconstrictor and vasodilator systems also participate in baroreflex control of blood pressure; this is particularly important during heat stress, when such a large percentage of cardiac output is directed to the skin.
		Mechanisms for reflex control of skin blood flow include sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves and sympathetic vasodilator nerves, the latter of which are responsible for 80% to 90% of the substantial cutaneous vasodilation during whole body heat stress.
	www.mayoclinicproceedings.com /inside.asp?AID=340&UID= (6395 words)

	Topical compositions and methods for treatment of male impotence - Patent 5256652
		The composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the vasoconstrictor is a member of the group consisting of epinephrine and phenylephrine.
		This may be accomplished either by the addition of a slow acting vasoconstrictor to the composition or by utilizing a mechanical device such as an external, tourniquet-like device which is placed around the shaft of the penis.
		The action of the vasoconstrictor should be time delayed to act upon the penis after the peripheral vasodilator has enhanced the maintenance of the penis erection This time delay may be accomplished by utilizing water-insoluble, lipophilic norepinephrine salts (such as benzoate) which will slowly be absorbed through the skin of the penis.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5256652.html (5615 words)

	Blunted sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting skeletal muscle of healthy humans: is nitric oxide obligatory? -- ...
		The vasoconstrictor responses to tyramine are significantly blunted during rhythmic handgrip exercise (open bars) compared with a control vasodilator condition (adenosine; filled bars).
		These data indicate that the vasoconstrictor responses to tyramine are consistent throughout the experimental protocol, and any lack of effect of NOS inhibition in protocols 1 and 2 cannot be explained by tachyphylaxis to tyramine.
		The vasoconstrictor responses to tyramine are significantly blunted during heavy handgrip exercise (open bars) compared with a control vasodilator condition (adenosine; filled bars).
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/553/1/281 (7329 words)

	Amazon.com: "vasoconstrictor neurons": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		vasoconstrictor neurons), whereas there are three classes of neurons in prevertebral ganglia (Fig.
		The larger arterioles are richly innervated by vasoconstrictor neurons, while the smaller ones are poorly innervated and have a particularly narrow lumen.
		Examples of neuropeptide/neurotransmitter combinations in the cat are: Most postganglionic terminals on arterial blood vessels (vasoconstrictor neurons) in viscera, skin, and skeletal muscle contain, in addition to NA, neuropeptide Y (NPY)...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/vasoconstrictor-neurons (525 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Conditions permitting suppression of stretch-induced and vasoconstrictor tone by ...
		The ensuing rise in tone of the endothelium-containing preparations that was not observed in the endothelium-denuded preparations provided an index of the ability of basal nitric oxide activity to suppress intrinsic tone in the vessels.
		The possibility that endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors were responsible for the greater levels of actual muscle tone in endothelium-containing than in endothelium-denuded rings was investigated using the mixed ET endothelin receptor antagonist SB209670, the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor flurbiprofen or the lipoxygenase inhibitors curcumin, NDGA and MK-866.
		Consequently, in order to make a more appropriate comparison of the effects of the vasoconstrictors on endothelium-containing and endothelium-denuded rings, a new set of experiments was conducted in which the two groups of vessels were suspended at different levels of stretch but at similar levels of stretch-induced tone.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v130/n3/full/0703351a.html (4961 words)

	Role of COX-2 in the Enhanced Vasoconstrictor Effect of Arachidonic Acid in the Diabetic Rat Kidney -- Quilley and Chen ...
		Effects of nimesulide (5 µmol/L) and indomethacin (10 µmol/L) on vasoconstrictor responses to AA (A) and effect of nimesulide on vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine (B) in kidneys from diabetic rats (n=8 for nimesulide, n=3 for indomethacin, and n=5 for untreated kidneys).
		Effect of nimesulide (5 µmol/L) and indomethacin (10 µmol/L) on perfusion pressure increases in response to AA (A) and effect of nimesulide on vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine (B) in kidneys from citrate-treated rats (n=7 for control, n=5 for nimesulide, and n=3 for indomethacin).
		Study of tachyphylaxis to the vasoconstrictor effect of arachidonic acid in the isolated perfused kidney of the rat.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/42/4/837 (3713 words)

	Mechanisms of sympathoexcitation: single-unit analysis of muscle vasoconstrictor neurons in awake OSAS subjects -- Elam ...
		Percentage of cardiac intervals in which vasoconstrictor units were quiescent (open bars) or fired a single or multiple spikes (solid bars).
		This group of vasoconstrictor fibers rarely fired in sinus rhythm, being mainly recruited after ectopic beats.
		Comparison of firing properties of single muscle vasoconstrictor neurons in awake OSAS patients and healthy subjects with high levels of sympathetic drive at rest and during an acute increase in sympathetic drive (inspiratory capacity apnea)
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/93/1/297 (3479 words)

	Research Profile - Brian Stauffer
		Alterations in vasomotor function, specifically an imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction, occurring in the obese/insulin resistant prediabetic stage is thought to contribute to the accelerated rates of atherosclerotic vascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
		Endogenous ET-1 vasoconstrictor activity will be assessed by changes in forearm blood flow (plethysmography) in response to intra-arterial infusion of selective and nonselective ET-1 receptor antagonists as well as exogenous ET-1.
		Endogenous ET-1 vasoconstrictor activity will also be assessed before and after a 12-week intervention of either oral vitamin C supplementation (500 mg/d) or aerobic exercise training in obese/insulin resistant adults.
	www.uchsc.edu /cardiology/Stauffer_researchprofile.html (872 words)

	Georgetown Journal of Health Sciences
		The article discusses the correlation between endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor, and cerebral vascular accidents, or strokes.
		As a powerful and long-acting vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 plays a large role in the pathophysiology of many diseases.
		Therefore, the counteractive effects of the vasoconstrictor ET-1 impedes the body’s natural response and can cause permanent damage to the individual by necrosis of the tissues affected.
	snhs.georgetown.edu /gujhs/vol3no1/endothelin_strokes.html (3293 words)

	Role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the renal and vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II -- Alonso-Galicia et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The contribution of 20-HETE to the vasoconstrictor response to ANG II in isolated renal arterioles is summarized in Fig.
		Role of nitric oxide in modulating the vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II in preglomerular and postglomerular vessels in the dog.
		Role of tyrosine kinase and PKC in the vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE in renal arterioles.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/283/1/R60 (7074 words)

	Multiple firing of single muscle vasoconstrictor neurons during cardiac dysrhythmias in human heart failure -- Elam and ...
		Recording from a single muscle vasoconstrictor neuron in a patient with severe heart failure, showing a sequence with alternating premature beats.
		Histograms with pooled data from 10 single vasoconstrictor fibers, recorded during a total of 60 premature heartbeats, showing the percentage of cardiac intervals in which units were quiescent, fired a single spike or multiple spikes during sinus rhythm (A and C) and after premature beats (B and D).
		Recording of a single vasoconstrictor fiber in a patient with moderate congestive heart failure at sinus rhythm (left) and at the initiation of a sustained supraventricular tachycardia (right), which resulted in a moderate blood pressure alternans.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/91/2/717 (4203 words)

	p990624a - Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
		To quantify sympathetic vasoconstrictor function, phasic (induced by deep inspiration) and tonic (induced by controlled thermoregulation) sympathetic reflexes were analyzed.
		Phasic and tonic stimulation of cutaneous vasoconstrictor neurons did not induce a decrease of skin blood flow or temperature on the affected side but were normal on the contralateral side.
		Results of investigations in healthy subjects ruled out the possibility that antidromic vasodilation caused by activation of nociceptive afferents is responsible for the complete depression of sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/p990624a.html (579 words)

	Respiratory Research \| Full text \| Pulmonary vasoconstrictor action of KCNQ potassium channel blockers
		The pulmonary vasoconstrictor effects of linopirdine and XE991 appear to be mediated by a direct action on the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall.
		Since KCNQ channel blockers are known to stimulate neurotransmitter release [14], it was important to check the potential involvement of neuronal KCNQ channels in the vasoconstrictor response, the blockade of which might result in transmitters being released from nerve endings in the artery wall.
		Since these are the main transmitters mediating electrical and contractile responses to nerve stimulation in rat intrapulmonary arteries [17,22], it is highly unlikely that neurotransmitters released in the vessel wall play a significant role in mediating the pulmonary vasoconstrictor effect of the KCNQ channel blockers.
	respiratory-research.com /content/7/1/31 (4611 words)

	Pharmacology RQ
		Is the use of 1 or 2 cartridges of lidocaine during dentistry associated with cardiodepressant activity?
		Vasoconstrictors are drugs that ____________ blood vessels and thereby control tissue perfusion.
		Vasoconstrictors are classified as what type of drug?
	www.intech.mnsu.edu /angelamonson/DH420/Pharm_RQ.htm (712 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience2, e28-33, May 15, 1997]
		The observed vasoconstrictor deficit could not be attenuated by endothelial denudation, suggesting that oxidants generated by the interaction of superoxide with nitric oxide were not major contributors to the vasoconstrictor dysfunction.
		Although the aforementioned studies provide evidence in support of oxidant mediated reductions in vasoconstrictor function, there is also evidence to suggest that the converse can also occur.
		Differences in enhanced and reduced vasoconstrictor responses may be related to the concentrations of reactive oxygen species that the vessels were subjected to.
	www.bioscience.org /1997/v2/e/benoit1/htmls/4.htm (1384 words)

	Firing Properties of Single Muscle Vasoconstrictor Neurons in the Sympathoexcitation Associated With Congestive Heart ...
		was due to the recruitment of previously silent vasoconstrictor fibers.
		Unitary recording from a single muscle vasoconstrictor neuron in a patient with severe heart failure.
		Recording from 1 single muscle vasoconstrictor neuron in a CHF patient, showing 2 examples of doublets seen in 14 of 16 recorded units.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/100/16/1708 (3787 words)

	CiteULike: Abnormal vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II and noradrenaline in isolated small arteries from ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		CiteULike: Abnormal vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II and noradrenaline in isolated small arteries from patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL).
		Abnormal vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II and noradrenaline in isolated small arteries from patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL).
		Resistance arteries isolated from gluteal biopsies were mounted on small-vessel myographs, and concentration responses were determined for vasoconstrictors (noradrenaline, angiotensin II, and endothelin-I) and vasodilators (acetylcholine, bradykinin, spermine-NONOate, and nifedipine).
	www.citeulike.org /user/textoris/article/334351 (512 words)

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