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Topic: Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kingdom of Jerusalem
		With the death of Conradin the kingdom was inherited by King Hugh III of Cyprus.
		Hugh III of Cyprus, Hugh I of Jerusalem, Hugh of Antioch or Hugh of Lusignan (died March 24, 1284), King of Cyprus 1267â€“1284 and King of Jerusalem 1268â€“1284, was the son of Henry of Antioch and Isabella of Cyprus, the daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus.
		The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which has gone through several different varieties of a cross Or (gold) on an argent (silver) field, is a famous violation of or exception to the rule of tincture in heraldry, which prohibits the placement of metal on metal or colour on colour.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem/See_also (10566 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
		Alix of Champagne, Queen of Cyprus and daughter of King Henry I, claimed the regency on the ground of being Isabella of Brienne's nearest relative; and it was conferred upon her and her second husband Ralph, Count of Soissons, the imperial garrison, besieged in Tyre, being forced to capitulate.
		In the north the Countship of Tripoli was under the suzerainty of the King of Jerusalem.
		The Kingdom of Jerusalem, established as a result of the First Crusade, was thus one of the first attempts made by Europeans at colonization.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08361a.htm (3155 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Kingdom of Jerusalem
		At its height, the Kingdom roughly encompassed the territory of modern Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip; it extended from modern Lebanon in the north to the Sinai Desert in the south, and into modern Jordan and Syria in the east.
		Jerusalem itself was lost to Saladin in 1187, and by the 13th century the Kingdom was reduced to a small strip of land along the Mediterranean coast, dominated by a few cities.
		The earliest surviving written laws of the kingdom were compiled at the Council of Nablus in 1120, and the first commercial treaty with Venice, the Pactum Warmundi, was written in 1124; the increase of naval and military support from Venice led to capture of Tyre that year.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem (7087 words)

	Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1291)
		The title of King of Jerusalem continued to be borne in a spirit of rivalry: by the Kings of Cyprus belonging to the House of Lusignan; and by the two Houses of Anjou which claimed to hold their rights from Mary of Antioch.
		Towards the middle of the twelfth century, when the Kingdom of Jerusalem had attained its greatest dimensions, it comprised the entire coast of Syria from Beirut on the north to Raphia on the south.
		But in the very interior of the kingdom the power of the king was checked by numerous obstacles, and the sovereignty belonged less to the king than to the body of feudatories whose power was centered in the High Court, composed of vassals and rear-vassals.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/jerusalem,latin_kingdom_of.html (2984 words)

	Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Definition, explanation
		Aside from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, there were also three other major Crusader states on the mainland, the County of Edessa, the County of Tripoli, and the Principality of Antioch, which nominally bore some dependency on the Kingdom.
		The King of Jerusalem was bound to reconcile them in case of disputes (or between the Prince and Patriarich in Antioch), and could claim the regency in case of a vacancy or minority in their successions.
		Lordships in the Kingdom of Jerusalem were usually hereditary, in principle, but in practice the circumstances were such that their holders did not form long uninterrupted lines of inheritance, which was contrary to the usual patterns of succession in Europe.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/v/va/vassals_of_the_kingdom_of_jerusalem.php (2073 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Daimbert claimed that he was the true ruler of Jerusalem, in the name of the papacy, but the nobles chose to treat Jerusalem as a hereditary fief and so it naturally fell to the next of kin.
		It was in this context that the survivors of the Crusade of 1101 arrived at Jerusalem early in 1102.
		Jerusalem now had a King and an heir, but its Queen was dead and John of Brienne was an outcast, and the Kingdom was in effect ruled by foreigners.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/jerusalem.html (16162 words)

	Kingdom of Jerusalem
		During the times when Jerusalem was in the hands of Muslim rulers, the sea port of Acre served as the capital and most important city of the kingdom.
		Their loyalties were to the kingdom, not Europe, they often started to speak Greek or Arabic, and many married local women, preferably Christians, but sometimes even Muslims.
		The French nobleman Godfrey of Bouillon, leader of one of the armies of the Crusade, was chosen to govern the conquered lands with the titles of baron and Defender of the Holy Sepulchre.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/jerusalem_kingd.htm (880 words)

	Kingdom of Jerusalem
		Arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a short-lived country established in the 12th century by the First Crusade.
		Baldwin successfully expanded the Kingdom, capturing the port cities of Acre, Sidon, and Beirut, and also exerted his suzerainty over the other Crusader States to the north - the County of Edessa (which he had founded), the Principality of Antioch, and the County of Tripoli.
		The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which has gone through several different varieties of a cross or (gold) on an argent (silver) field, is a famous violation of or exception to the rule of tincture in heraldry, which prohibits the placement of metal on metal or colour on colour.
	www.keywordmage.net /ki/kingdom-of-jerusalem.html (1616 words)

	Algeria encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Algeria politics and officials, Algerian History. Travel to Algeria
		Amalric was the second son of Melisende of Jerusalem and Fulk of Jerusalem.
		The marriage of Amalric I of Jerusalem and Maria Comnena at Tyre in 1167, as depicted in a MS of the Histoire d\'Outremer, painted in Paris c.
		Jerusalem lost influence to Byzantium in northern Syria when the Empire imposed its suzerainty over the Principality of Antioch, although Byzantium was increasingly beset by its own conflicts, particularly with the Normans in Sicily.
	www.algeriaiworld.com /wiki-Amalric_I_of_Jerusalem (1894 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Kingdom of Jerusalem, founded in 1099, lasted until 1291, when the city of Acre fell.
		The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had its origins before the Crusades, but was granted the status of a kingdom by Pope Innocent III, and later became semi-westernized by the (French) Lusignan dynasty.
		The island was made into a kingdom and given to the displaced King of Jerusalem Guy of Lusignan in 1192.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Crusader_states (669 words)

	Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to the 13th century jurist John of Ibelin the four highest barons in the Kingdom were the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, the Prince of Galilee, the Lord of Sidon, and the Lord of Oultrejordain.
		Unlike in Europe, seigneuries in the Kingdom of Jerusalem tended not to be hereditary, at least in the early years.
		The lords of Toron tended to be very influential in the kingdom; Humphrey II was constable of Jerusalem and Humphrey IV was married to Isabella, Amalric I's daughter (Toron passed under royal control during their marriage).
	www.purpleuniverse.com /true_associate-Vassals_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem.html (1423 words)

	The Myth of Jerusalem
		Jerusalem as a holy city of pilgrimages is common to all three religions, but one sense of pilgrimage is mainly the heritage of Jews and Muslims—the sense of going to Jerusalem in order to be buried there in the belief that when the dead are resurrected those buried in Jerusalem will be resurrected first.
		Jerusalem also served as a holy city for Islam in its claim to be the successor of Judaism and the rival of Christianity.
		Jerusalem was an important city for religious studies and contained large seminaries— it was a holy city in the sense that Qum is a holy city for the Shiites in Iran.
	www.history.umd.edu /Faculty/BCooperman/NewCity/Myth.html (9604 words)

	The Crescent and Cross:Setting Overview - Flagon with the Dragon
		King Fulk of Jerusalem acts as regent of this territory after having foiled an attempt by his wifes sister, the princess of Antioch to seize the regency for herself over her infant daughter by forging an alliance with the Muslim general Zengi of Mosul.
		The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia is closely allied with the Crusader States having married into several powerful families in the Kingdom and Northern Crusader States.
		The relationship between the secular throne and religious leaders in the Kingdom of Jerusalem is complicated.
	www.flagonwiththedragon.com /wiki/index.php/The_Crescent_and_Cross:Setting_Overview (2610 words)

	Kingdom of Jerusalem
		The kingdom included the city of Jerusalem from 1099 until 1187, and from 1229 until 1244, totalling 103 years of the 192 years the kingdom lasted.
		During the times when Jerusalem was in the hands of Muslim rulers, the sea port of Acre served as the capital and most important city of the kingdom.
		Their loyalties were to the kingdom, not Europe, they often started to speak Greek or Arabic, and many married local women, preferably Christians, but sometimes even Muslims.
	i-cias.com /e.o/jerusalem_kingd.htm (880 words)

	The First Crusade - Conquering of Jerusalem
		When Jerusalem fell the Crusaders indulged in a wholesale slaughter of the Moslem and the Jews who were inside, over the heaps of bodies they made way to the holy shrines.
		The authority of the patriarch of Jerusalem was at once seized upon by the Latin clergy with the expedition, and the Orthodox Christians found themselves in rather a worse case under Latin rule than under the Turk.
		Godfrey of Boullion was elected king of Jerusalem, and as Godfrey declined the honor of the title of king as unworthy to hold it, he accepted the actual rule and was made "Baron and defender of the Holy sepulcher".
	latter-rain.com /crusade/curone.htm (1578 words)

	Politics in the Latin Kingdom
		The river thus expands or contracts the extent of the Kingdom, for the places which are not irrigated by the river are doomed, as we have said, to the burning sun and to perpetual sterility.
		The sixth of the Latin kings of Jerusalem was the lord Baldwin IV, son of the lord King Amalric of illustrious memory and of the Countess Agnes, daughter of the younger Count Jocelin of Edessa.
		Now while the Kingdom, as we have said, was enjoying a certain tranquillity during the temporary peace which had been agreed upon between Saladin and the King, there were some Sons of Belial and foster sons of iniquity who had restless spirits.
	www.ordotempli.org /politics_in_the_latin_kingdom.htm (9386 words)

	[No title]
		Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1291) The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was founded as a result of the First Crusade, in 1099.
		Baldwin IV died in 1185, at the age of twenty-five, without having married, and left the kingdom a prey to discord and exposed to the attacks of Saladin.
		The title of King of Jerusalem continued to be borne in a spirit of rivalry: by the Kings of Cyprus belonging to the House of Lusignan; and by the two Houses of Anjou which claimed to hold their rights from Mary of Antioch.
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/08361A.TXT (3079 words)

	The Kingdom of Sedang
		The Kingdom of the Sedang was founded when Mayréna was elected King of the Sedang by the chiefs of the independent Bahnar, Rengao and Sedang tribes in the village of Kon Gung on June 3, 1888.
		The Kingdom of the Sedang was subsequently conquered by the French Republic and her protectorate, the Empire of Annam, without consent of the government or people of Sedang.
		Thus the Kingdom of the Sedang, the kingdom where East met West, where cultures as diverse as the French, Sedang, Central Highlanders, Vietnamese, Chinese, Belgians and Europeans met, continues to exist in the modern world.
	www.sedang.org (1779 words)

	Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, created in 1099, was divided into anumber of smaller seigneuries.
		Unlike in Europe,seigneuries in the Kingdom of Jerusalem tended not to be hereditary, at least in the early years.
		The Lordship of Oultrejordain, consisting of land with an undefinedboundary to the east of the Jordan River, was one of the largest and mostimportant seigneuries.
	www.therfcc.org /vassals-of-the-kingdom-of-jerusalem-152683.html (1401 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crusades
		Gregory the Great had a hospice erected in Jerusalem for the accommodation of pilgrims, sent alms to the monks of Mount Sinai ("Vita Gregorii" in "Acta SS.", March 11, 132), and, although the deplorable condition of Eastern Christendom after the Arab invasion rendered this intercourse more difficult, it did not by any means cease.
		In his exasperation Saladin invaded the Kingdom of Jerusalem and, although Guy de Lusignan gathered all his forces to repel the attack, on 4 July, 1187, Saladin's army annihilated that of the Christians on the shores of Lake Tiberias.
		In her letters to Bedford, the regent, and to the Duke of Burgundy, Joan of Arc alluded to the union of Christendom against the Saracens, and the popular belief expressed in the poetry of Christine de Pisan was that, after having delivered France, the Maid of Orleans would lead Charles VII to the Holy Land.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04543c.htm (14429 words)

	Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain
		Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain
		Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain: Encyclopedia II - Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - Lordship of Oultrejordain
		Main article: Lordship of Oultrejordain The Lordship of Oultrejordain, consisting of land with an undefined boundary to the east of the Jordan River, was one of the largest and most important seigneuries.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Vassals_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_-_Lordship_of_Oultrejordain/id/5574304 (322 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Jerusalem was lost again, and the failure of the whole Crusading enterprise seemed near.
		It was a kingdom that did not include the city it was named after, though.
		Royal government was uniting the kingdom as never before, but one of the unifying factors was irritation and resentment of new taxes and new royal powers, and fear of potential abuses.
	the-orb.net /textbooks/muhlberger/lionheart.html (2534 words)

	KINGDOM - Online Information article about KINGDOM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		East Gothic Kingdom at the death of Theodoric ~IIIlillllll Roar Kingdom after SBB ~ Lombard Kingdom after 5B8._..
		Tiber, establishing their kingdom on the ruins of the exarchate.
		The forces of decentralization Empire, strengthened themselves, and the emperors found that 1254" the formation of a strong and united German kingdom 1519' was an impossibility.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /KHA_KRI/KINGDOM.html (5616 words)

	Siege of Jerusalem
		Duke Godfrey and the Count of Flanders and the Count of Normandy besieged the city from the north side, that is from the church of St. Stephen, located in the center of the city, southward to the angular tower next to the tower of David.
		But, led on by such ambition, and disregarding the decrees of the canons and the infamy of his birth and conscience, be stirred up the people against the good (clergy) and had himself raised upon the patriarchal seat with hymns and chants and the great applause of the people.
		Jerusalem, the city of our redemption and glory, delights with inconceivable joy, because through the effort and incomparable might f of the sons of God it has been liberated from most cruel pagan servitude.
	www.ordotempli.org /siege_of_jerusalem.htm (10451 words)

	Assyrian Dominance (745 BC - 640 BC)- Old Testament History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is a common historical observation that the Israelite nations, both the United Kingdom and later the two Kingdoms of Israel (North) and Judah (South), came into existence in a vacuum of power in the Middle East.
		The Northern Kingdom, torn by internal dissension and political intrigue and crippled spiritually by the syncretism with Ba’al worship, was in no condition to launch such a campaign.
		The city was destroyed, the northern Kingdom transformed into a province of the Assyrian Empire, a number of the people taken as prisoners or exiles to Assyria, and other people resettled in the captured territory (2 Kings 17:24-34).
	www.cresourcei.org /othassyrian.html (4209 words)

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